Cefotiam

Cefotiam is a parenteral second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. As a beta-lactam, its bactericidal activity results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins.

Cefotiam
Clinical data
Trade namesPansporin
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		Intravenous, intramuscular
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability60% (intramuscular)
Protein binding40%
MetabolismNil
Elimination half-lifeApproximately 1 hour
ExcretionRenal
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.205.922
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H23N9O4S3
Molar mass525.62 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  (verify)

It was patented in 1973 and approved for medical use in 1981.[1]

Medical uses

This drug is indicated for prophylaxis for surgical infection, postoperative infections, bacterial septicaemia, bone and joint infections, cholangitis, cholecystitis, peritonitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, cystitis, urethritis, and infections caused by susceptible organisms. It does not have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Dosage

For adults, the dose is up to 6 grams daily by intravenous or intramuscular route in divided doses according to severity of infection. In patients with renal impairment a dose reduction may be needed.

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility

Cefotiam has a broad spectrum of activity and has been used to treat infections caused by a number of enteric bacteria and bacteria responsible for causing skin infections. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant bacteria.

  • Bacteroides fragilis: - 16 - >128 μg/ml
  • Clostridium difficile: >128 μg/ml
  • Staphylococcus aureus: 0.25 - 32 μg/ml

[2]

Adverse effects

Side effects include nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersensitivity reactions, nephrotoxicity, convulsions, CNS toxicity, hepatic dysfunction, haematologic disorders, pain at injection site, thrombophloebitis, pseudomembranous colitis, and superinfection with prolonged use.

Mechanism of action

Cefotiam inhibits final cross-linking stage of peptidoglycan production, thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It has similar or less activity against Gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci, but is resistant to some beta-lactamases produced by Gram-negative bacteria. It is more active against many of the Enterobacteriaceae including Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella and indole-positive Proteus species.

In clinical use, high concentrations of cefotiam are observed in several tissues (kidney, heart, ear, prostate, and genital tract), as well as in fluids and secretions (bile, ascitic fluid).

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gollark: `fenv.h` seems like it's unimportant and can just be set randomly.
gollark: `<errno.h>`> For testing error codes reported by library functions. Pretty sure this is unnecessary as osmarkslibc cannot, in fact, fail.
gollark: `<ctype.h>`> Defines set of functions used to classify characters by their types or to convert between upper and lower case in a way that is independent of the used character set (typically ASCII or one of its extensions, although implementations utilizing EBCDIC are also known). osmarkslibc will ship the entire Unicode table in this header for purposes.
gollark: `complex.h`> A set of functions for manipulating complex numbers. What an oddly useful standard library feature. I'll use quaternions instead in osmarkslibc™ as they are better.

References
  1. Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 494. ISBN 9783527607495.
  2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-02-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  • Müller R, Böttger C, Wichmann G (2003). "Suitability of cefotiam and cefuroxime axetil for the perioperative short-term prophylaxis in tonsillectomy patients". Arzneimittelforschung. 53 (2): 126–32. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1297083. PMID 12642969.
  • Kolben M, Mandoki E, Ulm K, Freitag K (2001). "Randomized trial of cefotiam prophylaxis in the prevention of postoperative infectious morbidity after elective cesarean section". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 20 (1): 40–2. doi:10.1007/s100960000365. PMID 11245321.
  • Shimizu S, Chen K, Miyakawa S (1996). "Cefotiam-induced contact urticaria syndrome: an occupational condition in Japanese nurses". Dermatology. 192 (2): 174–6. doi:10.1159/000246352. PMID 8829507.
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