Areni-1 cave

Areni-1 cave
	Արենի-1 քարանձավ
	Panorama of the site along the Arpa River
	Shown within Armenia
Location	Vayots Dzor Province, Armenia
Region	Lesser Caucasus
Coordinates	39°43′53″N 45°12′13″E
Length	40 m (130 ft)[1]
History
Material	Karst
Periods	Chalcolithic, Bronze Age

The Areni-1 cave complex (Armenian: Արենիի քարանձավ) is a multicomponent site[1], and late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age ritual site and settlement[2], located near the Areni village in southern Armenia along the Arpa River.

Findings

In 2008, Armenian PhD student and archeologist Diana Zardaryan of the country’s Institute of Archaeology discovered the earliest known shoe at the site.[3] In January 2011, the earliest known winery in the world was uncovered in the cave.[4] Later, in 2011, the discovery of a straw skirt dating to 3,900 years BCE was reported.[5] In 2009, the oldest humanoid brain was discovered in the cave.[6]

Genetics

Three individuals who lived in the Chalcolithic era (c. 5700–6250 years BP), found in the Areni-1 ("Bird's Eye") cave were identified as belonging to haplogroup L1a. One individual's genome indicated that he had red hair and blue eyes.

Gallery

Entrance to the cave
Pathway to the entrance
View from the cave
The site in 2012, swallow nests on the ceiling of the entrance.
Swallow nests 2019

Notes

"Archaeology of Food: An Encyclopedia". Google Books. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
"Areni-1 Cave, Armenia: A Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age settlement and ritual site in the southern Caucasus". Research Gate. March 1, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
"World's oldest leather shoe found in Armenian cave". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
Owen, James. "Earliest Known Winery Found in Armenian Cave." National Geographic. January 10, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
"5,900-year-old women's skirt discovered in Armenian cave". News Armenia. September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
Bower, Bruce (12 January 2009). "Armenian cave yields ancient human brain". ScienceNews.

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[google-1] "Archaeology of Food: An Encyclopedia". Google Books. Retrieved April 10, 2017.

[2] "Areni-1 Cave, Armenia: A Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age settlement and ritual site in the southern Caucasus". Research Gate. March 1, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2017.

[CNNc-3] "World's oldest leather shoe found in Armenian cave". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019.

[NatGeo-4] Owen, James. "Earliest Known Winery Found in Armenian Cave." National Geographic. January 10, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2011.

[strawskirt-5] "5,900-year-old women's skirt discovered in Armenian cave". News Armenia. September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.

[6] Bower, Bruce (12 January 2009). "Armenian cave yields ancient human brain". ScienceNews.

History of Armenia
Coat of Arms of Armenia
Origins Name People Language
Prehistory Stone and Copper Age Shulaveri-Shomu culture c. 6500–3400 BC Areni-1 Cave Complex Kura–Araxes culture c. 3400–2000 BC Legend of Hayk (?) 2492 BC Bronze and Iron Age Trialeti-Vanadzor c. 2200–1600 BC Hayasa-Azzi c. 1500–1290 BC Arme-Shupria c. 1300–1190 BC Ararat/Urartu Diauehi c. 1100-760 BC Mushki Nairi Tribes 1114–860 BC Kingdom of Van 860–590 BC Scythian and Mede invasions 6^th cen. BC
Antiquity Achaemenid period Satrapy of Armina 549–331 BC Orontid Dynasty Kingdom of Armenia Armenia Minor 331–72 BC Kingdom of Armenia 321 BC–428 AD Artaxiad dynasty 189 BC–12 AD Empire 84–34 BC Arsacid dynasty 52–428 AD Roman–Parthian War 58–63 AD Roman Province of Armenia 114–118 AD Christianization 301 AD Kingdom of Sophene c.200–94 BC Kingdom of Commagene 163 BC–72 AD Marzpanate period Byzantine Armenia 387–536 Persian Armenia 428–646 Mamikonian dynasty Battle of Avarayr 451 Muslim conquest of Armenia 645
Middle Ages Arabic period Emirate of Armenia 653–884 Hamamshen 700s–1300s Amatuni Dynasty Kingdom of Armenia Bagratid Armenia 884–1045 Bagratid dynasty 861–1118 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Kingdom of Vaspurakan 908–1021 Artsruni dynasty Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget 979–1118 Kingdom of Syunik 987–1170 Kingdom of Artsakh 1000–1261 House of Hasan-Jalalyan Battle of Manzikert 1071 Cilician and Turko-Mongol Period Seljuk Empire 1071–1201 Kingdom of Georgia Zakarid Armenia 1201–1360 Principality of Khachen 1261–15^th cen. Mongol Empire & Ilkhanate Mongol Armenia 1236–1335 Turkomania 14^th—15^th cen. Timurid Empire 15^th cen. Kingdom of Cilicia 1198–1375 Rubenid dynasty 1000–1261 Hethumid dynasty 1226–1373 Lusignan dynasty 1341–1375
Early modern age Perso-Ottoman period Iranian Armenia 1502–1828 Five Melikdoms 15^th cen.—1822 Shah Abbas I's deportation 1606 Russo-Persian War 1804–13 Treaty of Gulistan 1813 Russo-Persian War 1826–1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay 1828 Ottoman Empire 1548–1915 Armenian millet Russo-Turkish War 1877–1878 Armenian Question Six Vilayets 1878 Hamidian massacres 1895–1896 Adana massacre 1909 Armenian Genocide 1909–1918 Confiscation of Armenian properties Russian period Russian rule 1828–1918 Armenian Oblast 1828–1840 Western Armenia 1915–1918 Caucasus Campaign 1914–1918 National Liberation Movement Armenakan 1885 S.D. Hunchakian Party 1887 ARF (Dashnaktsutyun) 1890
Modern age Independence First Republic of Armenia 1918–1920 War with Azerbaijan 1918–1920 War with Georgia 1918 Treaty of Sèvres 1920 Wilsonian Armenia 1920 War with Turkey 1920 Treaty of Alexandropol 1920 Soviet period Armenian S.S.R. 1920–1991 February Uprising 1921 Republic of Mountainous Armenia 1921 Treaty of Moscow 1921 Treaty of Kars 1921 Soviet Claims in Turkey 1945–1953 Nagorno-Karabakh A.O. 1923–1991 Diaspora Armenian diaspora Hidden Armenians Repatriation Contemporary Armenia Republic of Armenia since 1991 Post-Soviet transition 1991–1995 Modern era since 1995 Republic of Artsakh since 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War 1989–1994
Timeline

Areni-1 cave

Findings

Genetics

Gallery

See also

Notes