Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget

Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget; Տաշիր-Ձորագետի Թագավորություն
	979–1118
	Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget c. 1017 A.D.
Capital	Matsnaberd (979-1065); Lori (1065-1118)
Common languages	Armenian
Religion	Armenian Apostolic Church
Government	Monarchy
• 979–989	Kiurike I
• 1089–1118	David II of Lori
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	979
• Kiurike I becomes the first ruler.	979
• Disestablished	1118
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Bagratid Armenia
Kingdom of Georgia

Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget (Armenian: Տաշիր-Ձորագետի Թագավորություն Tashir-Dzorageti t'agavorut'yun), alternatively known as the Kingdom of Lori or Kiurikian Kingdom by later historians, was a medieval Armenian kingdom formed in the year 979 by the Kiurikian dynasty under the protectorate of the Bagratid kings of Armenia. The capital of the kingdom was Matsnaberd, currently part of modern-day Azerbaijan.

It was located on the territories of modern-day northern Armenia, northwestern Azerbaijan and southern Georgia. The founder of the kingdom and the Kiurikian dynasty was king Kiurike I (also known as Gurgen I).[1]

In 979 King Smbat II of Armenia granted the province of Tashir to his brother Kiurike with the title of king.[2] The branch went on to outlive the main one in Ani.

It became especially strong during the reign of King David I Anhoghin who succeeded his father Kiurike and ruled between 989 and 1048. David I Anhoghin conquered some territories from Emirates of Tbilisi and Ganja, and chose Samshvilde as his residence. Later on, he tried to gain independence from the Bagratid kings of Ani. However, after failing he was punished by King Gagik I. His properties were confiscated to become known as "Anhoghin" meaning "the Landless." David I was succeeded by Kiurike II who ruled between 1048 and 1089). After the fall of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia, Kiurike II was bestowed by the Byzantines with the title of Kouropalates and he became independent ruler.

Kiurike II moved the capital from Matsnaberd to Lori in 1065.

At the peak of its power, kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget became suzerain of the Emirate of Tiflis[3][4] and the kingdom of Kakheti-Ereti where the branch of Kiurikian dynasty ruled from 1029 to 1105.[5]

In 1089, David II succeeded his father Kiurike II until 1118 when Tashir-Dzoraget was annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia.

After this, the Kiurikians, having strengthened themselves in the fortresses of Tavush, Matsnaberd and Nor-Berd, retained their royal title until the beginning of the 13th century, when Mongols conquered the region [6].

Unlike their Bagratuni relatives, the Kiurikian kings were unique in minting their own coins, with the line, "May the Lord aid Kiurike (George) the Khorapaghat (Kouropalates)," running in five lines inscribed on the reverse side.[7] They sponsored the construction of a number of churches and monasteries in northern Armenia, including those in Sanahin, Haghpat and Haghartsin,[8] where a great many of them were interred.[9]

Gallery

Smbat II and his brother Kiurike I depicted at the entrance to Haghpat Monastery
Akhtala fortress, built by the Kiurinians at the end of the 10th century
Lori, the 2nd capital of the kingdom

gollark: I go in arbitrary direction #2, until I find an interesting thing.

gollark: Fiiiiiiiiine, I go in arbitrary direction #2 instead.

gollark: I enter the cave, since it sounds safe.

gollark: Fine, I run off in arbitrary direction #3 to find equipment.

gollark: The one with equipment.

References

(in Armenian) Matevosyan, Raphael I. (1976). "Տաշիր-Ձորագետը և Հայաստանի Հյուսիս-Արևմտյան Գավառները IX-XI Դարերում," [Tashir-Dzoraget and the north-western regions of Armenia in the ninth to eleventh centuries] in Հայ Ժողովրդի Պատմություն [History of the Armenian People], eds. Tsatur Aghayan et al. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 100-05.
(in French) Movsesian, Łevond. "Histoire des rois Kurikian de Lori," trans. Frédéric Macler, Revue des Études Arméniennes 7, Pt. 2 (1927), 209ff.
Artashes Shahnazaryan. Establishment and development of the Kiurikian kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget(in armenian.)=Տաշիր-Ձորագետի Կյուրիկյան թագավորության առաջացումն ու հզորացումը//Պատմա-Բանասիրական Հանդես: edition.—2009. — Էջ 224—233.—ISSN 0135-0536.
Jerar Dedeyan//Histoire du peuple arménien(History of the Armenian people)//Publisher «Privat» page. 271, Тuluse 2007—ISBN 978-2-7089-6874-5
Тumanov Kirill, chapter: «Armenia and Georgia», from: «The Cambridge Medieval History», Cambridge, 1966, vol. IV, pages. 621-622: "The Georgian lands still outside Bagrat IV's realm were the kingdom of Khakhetia and the amirate of Tiflis. In the former, the principate having become hereditary, Kvirike III (1010-29) proclaimed himself king. His daughter was married to David I of Lor'i and their younger son Gagik succeeded in 1029 to Kvirike's throne. The kings of Georgia tried repeatedly to reunite Kakhetia with Iberia; and they, no less than the Kakhetian rulers, made attempts to conquer Tiflis. Bagrat thrice took the city (1046, 1049, 1062), only to lose it again, for his strength was sapped."
Tashir-Dzoraget kingdom//Great Soviet Encyclopedia:[in 30 vol.]/Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov-3rd ed.-M.: Soviet Encyclopedia,1969-1978.
See Philip Grierson, "Kiurike I or Kiurike II of Loṛi-Armenia?: A Note on Attributions," American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 10 (1958), pp. 107–12.
Ovannes Ghalpakhtchian and Adriano Alpago-Novello (1970), Sanahin, Milan: Ares.
Manuk-Khaloyan, Armen, "In the Cemetery of their Ancestors: The Royal Burial Tombs of the Bagratuni Kings of Greater Armenia (890-1073/79)," Revue des Études Arméniennes 35 (2013), p. 168, note 124.

Historical states and regions of Armenia
Independent Armenian states	Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity) (Orontids, Artaxiads and Arsacids, 553 BC–428 AD) Kingdom of Armenia (middle ages) (Bagratunis, 884-1045) Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Rubenids, Hethumids and Lusignans, 1080-1375) Republic of Armenia (1918-1920) Republic of Armenia (1991-)
Minor or dependent Armenian states	Satrapy of Armenia (Orontids, 522-331 BC) Kingdom of Vaspurakan (Artsrunis, 908–1021) Kingdom of Vanand (963–1064) Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget (Kiurikians, 979–1118) Kingdom of Syunik (Siunis, 987–1170) Kingdom of Artsakh (Khachen, 1000–1261) Zakarid Principality of Armenia (Zakarians, 1201–1335) Melikdoms of Karabakh (Beglarians, Israelians, Hasan-Jalalians, Shanazarians and Avanians, 1603-1822) Republic of Mountainous Armenia (unrecognized, 1921) Soviet Armenia (1920-1991)
Provinces or Ashkhars of Armenia Major	Upper Armenia Sophene Arzanene Turuberan Moxoene Corduene Nor Shirakan Vaspurakan Syunik Artsakh Paytakaran Utik Gugark Tayk Ayrarat
Other Armenian regions	Lesser Armenia (regions: First, Second and Third Armenia) Commagene Armenian Mesopotamia Cilicia (regions: Mountainous, Plain and Rocky Cilicia)
Other provinces under Tigranes the Great	Syria Atropatene Adiabene Assyria Iberia Albania Cappadocia Judea Osroene

History of Armenia
Coat of Arms of Armenia
Origins Name People Language
Prehistory Stone and Copper Age Shulaveri-Shomu culture c. 6500–3400 BCE Areni-1 Cave Complex Kura–Araxes culture c. 3400–2000 BCE Legend of Hayk (?) 2492 BCE Bronze and Iron Age Trialeti-Vanadzor c. 2200–1600 BCE Hayasa-Azzi c. 1500–1290 BCE Arme-Shupria c. 1300–1190 BCE Ararat/Urartu Diauehi c. 1100-760 BCE Mushki Nairi Tribes 1114–860 BCE Kingdom of Van 860–590 BCE Scythian and Mede invasions 6^th cen. BCE
Antiquity Achaemenid period Satrapy of Armina 549–331 BCE Orontid Dynasty Kingdom of Armenia Armenia Minor 331–72 BCE Kingdom of Armenia 321 BCE–428 CE Artaxiad dynasty 189 BCE–12 CE Empire 84–34 BCE Arsacid dynasty 52–428 CE Roman–Parthian War 58–63 CE Roman Province of Armenia 114–118 CE Christianization 301 CE Kingdom of Sophene c.200–94 BCE Kingdom of Commagene 163 BCE–72 CE Marzpanate period Byzantine Armenia 387–536 Persian Armenia 428–646 Mamikonian dynasty Battle of Avarayr 451 Muslim conquest of Armenia 645
Middle Ages Arabic period Emirate of Armenia 653–884 Hamamshen 700s–1300s Amatuni Dynasty Kingdom of Armenia Bagratid Armenia 884–1045 Bagratid dynasty 861–1118 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Kingdom of Vaspurakan 908–1021 Artsruni dynasty Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget 979–1118 Kingdom of Syunik 987–1170 Kingdom of Artsakh 1000–1261 House of Hasan-Jalalyan Battle of Manzikert 1071 Cilician and Turko-Mongol Period Seljuk Empire 1071–1201 Kingdom of Georgia Zakarid Armenia 1201–1360 Principality of Khachen 1261–15^th cen. Mongol Empire & Ilkhanate Mongol Armenia 1236–1335 Turkomania 14^th—15^th cen. Timurid Empire 15^th cen. Kingdom of Cilicia 1198–1375 Rubenid dynasty 1000–1261 Hethumid dynasty 1226–1373 Lusignan dynasty 1341–1375
Early modern age Perso-Ottoman period Iranian Armenia 1502–1828 Five Melikdoms 15^th cen.—1822 Shah Abbas I's deportation 1606 Russo-Persian War 1804–13 Treaty of Gulistan 1813 Russo-Persian War 1826–1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay 1828 Ottoman Empire 1548–1915 Armenian millet Russo-Turkish War 1877–1878 Armenian Question Six Vilayets 1878 Hamidian massacres 1895–1896 Adana massacre 1909 Armenian Genocide 1909–1918 Confiscation of Armenian properties Russian period Russian rule 1828–1918 Armenian Oblast 1828–1840 Western Armenia 1915–1918 Caucasus Campaign 1914–1918 National Liberation Movement Armenakan 1885 S.D. Hunchakian Party 1887 ARF (Dashnaktsutyun) 1890
Modern age Independence First Republic of Armenia 1918–1920 War with Azerbaijan 1918–1920 War with Georgia 1918 Treaty of Sèvres 1920 Wilsonian Armenia 1920 War with Turkey 1920 Treaty of Alexandropol 1920 Soviet period Armenian S.S.R. 1920–1991 February Uprising 1921 Republic of Mountainous Armenia 1921 Treaty of Moscow 1921 Treaty of Kars 1921 Soviet Claims in Turkey 1945–1953 Nagorno-Karabakh A.O. 1923–1991 Diaspora Armenian diaspora Hidden Armenians Repatriation Contemporary Armenia Republic of Armenia since 1991 Post-Soviet transition 1991–1995 Modern era since 1995 Republic of Artsakh since 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War 1989–1994
Timeline

Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget

Gallery

References

See also