2019 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2019.

List of years in science (table)
… 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 …
Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Philosophy Science +...

Events

January

1 January: The New Horizons space probe flies by 486958 Arrokoth, a remote Kuiper belt object (3D version).[1][2][3][4]

• 1 January – The New Horizons space probe flies by Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth (nicknamed Ultima Thule), the outermost close encounter of any solar system object.[2][3][4]
• 2 January – A study finds that tons of methane, a greenhouse gas, are released into the atmosphere by melting ice sheets in Greenland.[5]
• 3 January
  • China's National Space Administration (CNSA) achieves the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon with its Chang'e 4 mission.[6]
  • Scientists report the engineering of crops with a photorespiratory "shortcut" to boost plant growth by 40% in real-world agronomic conditions.[7][8]
• 4 January
  • Researchers at Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) report a way to control properties of excitons and change the polarisation of light they generate, which could lead to transistors that undergo less energy loss and heat dissipation.[9]
  • Researchers design an inhalable form of messenger RNA aerosol that could be administered directly to the lungs to help treat diseases such as cystic fibrosis.[10]
• 6 January
  • A partial solar eclipse occurred.
• 8 January
  • Researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) report a new way to stabilise the "tearing modes" in fusion reactors, using radio waves to create small changes in the temperature of the plasma, allowing it to be controlled more easily.[11]
  • IBM unveils IBM Q System One, its first integrated quantum computing system for commercial use.[12][13]
• 9 January
  • Astronomers announce the discovery of a second repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source, named FRB 180814.[14][15]
  • The first SD card with a storage capacity of 1 terabyte (TB) is announced by Lexar.[16]
  • Astronomers at the University of Warwick present the first direct evidence of white dwarf stars solidifying into crystals.[17]

17 January: Australopithecus sediba found to be distinct from, but similar to, both the older Australopithecus africanus and the younger Homo habilis.[18]

• 10 January – Astronomers propose that AT2018cow, a very powerful astronomical explosion, 10–100 times brighter than a normal supernova, may have been a white dwarf being pulled apart by a black hole; or, a supernova leaving behind a black hole or a neutron star, the creation of a compact body being observed for the first time.[19][20][21]
• 11 January – Researchers at the University of Michigan demonstrate a new approach to 3D printing, based on the lifting of shapes from a vat of liquid, which is up to 100 times faster than conventional processes.[22]
• 14 January – A study in the journal PNAS finds that Antarctica experienced a sixfold increase in yearly ice mass loss between 1979 and 2017.[23]
• 16 January – A study in Ecological Monographs suggests there may be sustained foraging specialization, fasting and omnivory in the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the world's largest fish.[24]
• 17 January
  • Scientists report that Australopithecus sediba is distinct from, but shares anatomical similarities to, both the older Australopithecus africanus, and the younger Homo habilis.[18]
  • Astronomers report that a day on the planet Saturn has been determined to be  10^h 33^m 38^{s + 1m 52s}
    _{− 1^m 19^s} , based on studies of the planet's C Ring.[25][26]
• 21 January
  • Scientists report that the Greenland ice sheet is melting four times faster than in 2003, with its largest sustained ice loss coming from the southwest region.[27]
  • Lunar eclipse
• 22 January – Alphabet's Waymo subsidiary announces that it will later in 2019 begin construction in the US State of Michigan on the World's first factory for mass-producing autonomous vehicles.[28][29][30][31]
• 23 January
  • Scientists in China report the creation of five identical cloned gene-edited monkeys, using the same cloning technique that was used with Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua – the first ever cloned monkeys – and Dolly the sheep, and the same gene-editing CRISPR-Cas9 technique allegedly used by He Jiankui in creating the first ever gene-modified human babies Lulu and Nana. The genetically modified monkey clones were made in order to study several medical diseases.[32][33][34]
  • Astronomers report the first-ever detection of glycolonitrile, another possible building block of life among other such molecules, in outer space.[35]

23 January: Five identical cloned gene-edited monkeys (similar to the one pictured above) created, in order to study several medical diseases.[32][33][34]

• 24 January
  • NASA announces that the Opportunity rover has been on the planet Mars for 15 years.[36][37]
  • NASA scientists report the discovery of the oldest known Earth rock – on the Moon. Apollo 14 astronauts returned several rocks from the Moon and later, scientists determined that a fragment from one of the rocks contained "a bit of Earth from about 4 billion years ago." The rock fragment contained quartz, feldspar, and zircon, all common on the Earth, but highly uncommon on the Moon.[38]
  • The complete axolotl genome is reported to have been sequenced by the University of Kentucky.[39][40]
• 25 January – AlphaStar, a new artificial intelligence algorithim by Alphabet's DeepMind subsidiary, defeats professional players of the real-time strategy game StarCraft II in ten rounds out of eleven.[41][42][43]
• 29 January – Researchers at Purdue University's College of Engineering release a paper in the journal ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering detailing a new process to turn plastic waste in hydrocarbon fuels.[44][45][46]
• 30 January – Scientists report that several types of humans, including Denisovans, Neanderthals and related hybrids, may have habitated the Denisova Cave in Siberia over thousands of years, but it is unclear whether they ever shared the cave.[47]
• 31 January
  • Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, demonstrate a new form of 3D printer, which uses light exposure to transform a viscous liquid into complex solid objects.[48]
  • A new AI developed by RMIT University in Melbourne and trained to play the 1980s video game Montezuma's Revenge is reported to be 10 times faster than Google DeepMind and able to finish the game.[49]

February

3 February: Medical scientists announce that iridium (image above) attached to albumin produces a photosensitized molecule able to penetrate and, via photodynamic therapy, destroy cancer cells.[50][51]

• 1 February – NASA scientists report that the Mars Curiosity rover determined, for the first time, the density of Mount Sharp in Gale crater, thereby establishing a clearer understanding of how the mountain was formed.[52][53]
• 3 February – Medical scientists announce that iridium attached to albumin, creating a photosensitized molecule, can penetrate cancer cells and, after being irradiated with light (a process called photodynamic therapy), destroy the cancer cells.[50][51]
• 4 February – A study by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development concludes that 36% of glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalaya range will disappear by 2100, even if carbon emissions are cut rapidly. Without emission reductions, the loss could reach two-thirds.[54][55]
• 5 February – NASA reports that the two small communication CubeSats, that accompanied the InSight lander to the planet Mars, went silent, and are unlikely to be heard from again.[56]
• 6 February
  • NASA and NOAA confirm that 2018 was the fourth hottest year on record globally, at 0.83 degrees Celsius (1.5 degrees Fahrenheit) above the 1951 to 1980 mean.[57]
  • Scientists from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias publish the first evidence of a collision between exoplanets, which is believed to have occurred in the Kepler-107 system, approximately 1,670 light years from Earth.[58]
• 7 February
  • Medical scientists working with Sangamo Therapeutics, headquartered in Richmond, California, announce the first ever "in body" human gene editing therapy to permanently alter DNA in a patient with Hunter Syndrome.[59] Clinical trials by Sangamo involving gene editing using Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) are ongoing.[60]
  • The ExoMars rover, scheduled to launch in July 2020 and search for the existence of past life on the planet Mars, has been officially named the Rosalind Franklin rover after DNA pioneer Rosalind Franklin.[61]
  • Scientists announce the discovery of a new type of magnet that might benefit the performance of data storage technologies.[62]

13 February: Mars Opportunity rover mission ends; last image (see above) of 228,771 total over nearly 15 years.[63][64]

• 8 February – NASA scientists, studying the latest returned images and data, report that 486958 Arrokoth, the remote Kuiper Belt Object visited by the New Horizons spacecraft, was determined to be more flattened than thought earlier; and has been described to be more like a large "pancake" (larger lobe) and a "walnut" (smaller lobe), rather than two ellipsoids.[1][65]
• 11 February – Scientists find evidence, based on genetics studies using artificial intelligence (AI), that suggest the existence of an unknown human ancestor species, not Neanderthal, Denisovan or human hybrid (like Denny (hybrid hominin)), in the genome of modern humans.[66][67]
• 13 February – NASA officials declare that the Mars rover Opportunity has ended its mission, after failing to respond to repeated transmitted wake-up signals. Its last contact was on 10 June 2018 (Click here for the last panorama image.)[63][64]
• 18 February
  • A British woman becomes the first person in the world to have gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).[68]
  • Scientists use gene therapy to restore hearing in an adult mouse model of DFNB9 deafness.[69]
• 19 February
  • Researchers at Oxford Martin School publish evidence that, in the longer term, some forms of cultured meat could be worse for the environment than traditional farmed meat.[70][71]
  • Scientists report evidence, based on isotope studies, that at least some Neanderthals may have eaten meat.[72][73][74]

21 February: Report of Hachimoji DNA, an 8-base DNA, that has a similar structure (above) as the 4-base natural DNA.[75][76]

• 21 February
  • Scientists announce a new form of DNA, named Hachimoji DNA, composed of four natural, and four unnatural nucleobases. Benefits of such an eight-base DNA system may include an enhanced ability to store digital data, as well as insights into what may be possible in the search for extraterrestrial life.[75][76]
  • Scientists report that the purportedly first-ever germline genetically edited humans, the twin babies Lulu and Nana, by Chinese researcher He Jiankui, may have inadvertently (or perhaps, intentionally[77]) had their brains enhanced.[78]
  • SpaceX launches SpaceIL's Beresheet probe, the world's first privately financed mission to the Moon.[79][80]
  • Astronomers led by Scott S. Sheppard announce the discovery of FarFarOut, the most distant object yet found in the Solar System, at an estimated distance of 140 AU (21 billion km) from the Sun.[81]
• 25 February
  • Scientists report evidence that Neanderthals walked upright much like modern humans.[82][83]
  • The first microSD card with a storage capacity of 1 terabyte (TB) is announced by Micron.[84]
• 26 February – Researchers at RMIT University demonstrate a method of using a liquid metal catalyst to turn carbon dioxide gas back into coal, potentially offering a new way to store carbon in solid form.[85]
• 28 February
  • Scientists report the first ever evidence of a former planet-wide groundwater system on the planet Mars.[86][87]
  • Scientists report the creation of mice with infrared vision, using nanoparticles injected into their eyes.[88]

March

• 3 March – An unmanned demonstration flight of the new crew capable version of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, intended to carry American astronauts into space, achieves successful autonomous docking with the International Space Station.[89] It returned to Earth a few days later.[90]

11 March: Scientists report that cell nuclei from woolly mammoth remains showed biological activity when transplanted into mouse cells.[91]

• 4 March – Scientists report that asteroids may be much more difficult to destroy than thought earlier.[92][93] In addition, an asteroid may reassemble itself due to gravity after being disrupted.[94]
• 5 March
  • A second case of sustained remission from HIV-1 is reported, ten years after the 'Berlin Patient.'[95][96]
  • Astronomers report the discovery of unusual dimming in EPIC 204376071, a star that has been observed to dim in brightness by up to 80%, much more deeply than the 22% dimming of Tabby's star.[97][98][99]
• 7 March – Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) demonstrate a new optical imaging system that could enable the discovery of tiny tumours, as small as 200 cells, deep within the body.[100]
• 8 March – Astronomers report that the mass of the Milky Way galaxy is 1.5 trillion solar masses within a radius of about 129,000 light-years, over twice as much as was determined in earlier studies, and suggesting that about 90% of the mass of the galaxy is dark matter.[101][102]
• 11 March – A team of Japanese and Russian scientists report that cell nuclei from woolly mammoth remains showed biological activity when transplanted into mouse cells.[91]
• 13 March – The laser of ELI-NP in Măgurele, part of the European ELI Project, becomes the most powerful laser system ever made, reaching a peak power of 10 Petawatts.[103]
• 15 March – NASA reports that latent viruses in humans may be activated during space missions, adding possibly more risk to astronauts in future deep-space missions.[104]

20 March: First fossil bird, named Avimaia schweitzerae, found with an unlaid egg,[105][106]

• 16 March – NASA announces that a 173-kiloton fireball (the Kamchatka meteor) fell over the Bering Sea near the Kamchatka Peninsula on 18 December 2018, the second largest asteroid to hit Earth in 30 years, after the Chelyabinsk meteor.[107] (see image)
• 18 March
  • Researchers provide supporting evidence, based on genetic studies, that modern Homo sapiens, arose first in South Africa more than 300,000 years ago, traveled to East Africa, and from there, about 60,000 years ago, traveled out of Africa to the rest of the world.[108][109]
  • Physicist Adrian Bejan presents an explanation of why time seems shorter as we get older, which can be attributed to "the ever-slowing speed at which images are obtained and processed by the human brain as the body ages."[110][111][112]
• 19 March
  • Karen Uhlenbeck is reported to be the first woman to receive the prestigious Abel Prize in Mathematics.[113][114]
  • Astronomers describe scenarios where carbon monoxide may be a biosignature for a thriving community of extraterrestrial life on other worlds.[115]
• 20 March – Paleontologists report the discovery of Avimaia schweitzerae, the first fossil bird found with an unlaid egg, that lived about 115 million years ago in Northwest China.[105][106]
• 27 March
  • Scientists report that life-forms from Earth survived 18 months living in outer space outside the International Space Station (ISS), as part of the BIOMEX studies related to the EXPOSE-R2 mission, suggesting that life could survive, theoretically, on the planet Mars.[116][117]
  • ESO astronomers, employing the GRAVITY instrument on their Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), announce the first direct detection of an exoplanet, HR 8799 e, using optical interferometry.[118]
  • Chinese scientists report inserting the human brain-related MCPH1 gene into laboratory rhesus monkeys, resulting in the transgenic monkeys performing better and answering faster on "short-term memory tests involving matching colors and shapes", compared to control non-transgenic monkeys, according to the researchers.[119][120]
• 28 March
  • Researchers report the possibility of ancient life on the planet Mars based on microscopic studies of the Allan Hills 77005 (ALH-77005) Martian meteorite found on Earth.[121][122]
  • Scientists report evidence that suggests the planet Mars, in some near-equatorial regions, currently contains a deep groundwater system.[123][124]
  • A Pew Research Center study (4464 adults; mid-January 2019) on scientific knowledge among Americans finds substantial differences based on formal education level (higher is better), race and ethnicity (whites higher) and gender (males higher). No substantial differences were found based on political affiliation.[125]
• 29 March – Paleontologists describe a site called Tanis, in North Dakota's Hell Creek Formation, containing animal and plant fossils dated to 65.76 million years BCE. These remains are embedded with tiny rock and glass fragments that fell from the sky in the minutes and hours following the Chicxulub impact. The deposits also show evidence of having been swamped with water, caused by the subsequent megatsunamis.[126][127]

April

10 April: Astronomers release the first-ever image of a black hole (M87 galaxy).[128][129][130][131]

• 1 April
  • Scientists report confirming the presence of methane on the planet Mars, and determining that the source of the methane likely came from an ice sheet about 300 miles east of Gale Crater. The Curiosity rover is currently exploring Gale Crater.[132][133][134]
  • Scientists at ETH Zurich report the creation of the world's first bacterial genome, named Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, made entirely by a computer, although a related viable form of C. ethensis-2.0 does not yet exist.[135][136]
• 4 April – NASA releases animated images of solar eclipses by the two moons of the planet Mars, Deimos (animation1/17 March 2019) and Phobos (animation2/27 March 2019), as viewed by the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars in March 2019.[137][138]
• 7 April – NASA reports that a comprehensive study of microorganisms and fungi present on the International Space Station has been conducted. The results can be useful in improving health and safety conditions for astronauts.[139][140]
• 10 April – Scientists from the Event Horizon Telescope project announce the first-ever image of a black hole, located 54 million light years away in the centre of the M87 galaxy.[128][129][130][131]
• 10 April
  • Scientists find a way to view reactions in "dark states" of molecules, i.e. those states that are normally inaccessible.[141]
• 11 April
  • NASA announces that the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars drilled into, and closely studied, a "clay-bearing unit" which, according to the rover Project Manager, is a "major milestone" in Curiosity's journey up Mount Sharp.[142] (related image)
  • The Israeli Beresheet probe crashes on the Moon after a technical glitch causes its main engine to switch off.[143]

30 April: Scientists confirm the detection of buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) (also known as "buckyballs") in the interstellar medium spaces between the stars.[144][145]

• 12 April – NASA reports medical results, from an Astronaut Twin Study, where one astronaut twin spent a year in space on the International Space Station, while the other twin spent the year on Earth, which demonstrated several long-lasting changes, including those related to alterations in DNA and cognition, when one twin was compared with the other.[146][147]
• 16 April – Scientists report, for the first time, the use of the CRISPR technology to edit human genes to treat cancer patients with whom standard treatments were not successful.[148][149]
• 17 April – After a long search, astronomers report the detection of helium hydride, a primordial molecule thought to have been formed about 100,000 years after the Big Bang, for the first time in outer space in NGC 7027.[150][151]
• 23 April – NASA reports that the Mars InSight lander detected its first Marsquake on the planet Mars.[152][153] (related AudioVideo file)
• 24 April – The XENON dark matter project announces that it has observed the radioactive decay of xenon-124, which has a half-life of 1.8 sextillion years.[154][155]
• 25 April – Astronomers report further substantial discrepancies, depending on the measurement method used, in determining the Hubble constant, suggesting a realm of physics currently not well understood in explaining the workings of the universe.[156][157][158][159][160]
• 29 April – Scientists, working with the Hubble Space Telescope, confirmed the detection of the large and complex ionized molecules of buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) (also known as "buckyballs") in the interstellar medium spaces between the stars.[144][145]
• 30 April – Biologists report that the very large medusavirus, or a relative, may have been responsible, at least in part, for the evolutionary emergence of complex eukaryotic cells from simpler prokaroytic cells.[161]

May

6 May: The IPBES warns that extinction of the natural living world is accelerating, largely a result of human activity – passenger pigeons are now extinct.[162][163][164]

• 1 May – A study by U.S. researchers finds that deleting the ATDC gene can prevent the growth of pancreatic cancer in mice.[165]
• 2 May
  • Astronomers, from the Hubble Space Telescope, release the Hubble Legacy Field Zoom Out (video; 00:50), a 16-year effort, which provides a zoom out view from the Ultra Deep Field of galaxies to the Legacy Field of galaxies.[166]
  • A study of nearly 1,000 gay male couples who took antiretroviral therapy, published in The Lancet, finds no cases of HIV transmission over eight years.[167][168]
• 3 May – The UK's National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) and University of Leicester report the first generation of usable electricity from americium, which could lead to the development of "space batteries" that power missions for up to 400 years.[169][170]
• 6 May
  • In its first report since 2005, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) warns that biodiversity loss is "accelerating", with over a million species now threatened with extinction; the decline of the natural living world is "unprecedented" and largely a result of human actions.[162][163][164]
  • Researchers at Columbia University report a new desalination method for hypersaline brines, known as "temperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE)", which is low-cost and efficient.[171]
• 8 May – A British teenager, Isabelle Holdaway, 17, is reported to be the first patient to receive a genetically modified phage therapy to treat a drug-resistant infection.[172][173]
• 11 May – Atmospheric CO2, as measured by the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, reaches 415 parts per million (ppm), the highest level for 2.5 million years.[174][175] During the late Pliocene, sea levels were up to 20 m higher, and the global climate was 3 °C hotter.
• 14 May
  • Computer security researchers at Graz University of Technology and Catholic University of Leuven, in a coordinated disclosure with Intel, announce the discovery of a group of Microarchitectural Data Sampling vulnerabilities, affecting millions of Intel microprocessors, which they named Fallout, RIDL (Rogue In-Flight Data Load) and ZombieLoad.[176]
  • Researchers at Microsoft reported the BlueKeep security vulnerability (CVE-2019-0708) (noted as "critical" by Microsoft) that may affect nearly one million computers using older versions (Windows 8 and Windows 10 are not affected) of the Windows operating systems with a "wormable" Remote Desktop Services (RDS) Remote Code Execution (RCE) Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) vulnerability. Microsoft recommends installing available update patches as soon as possible, and also recommends turning off Remote Desktop Services if they are not required.[177][178][179][180]
  • Researchers at Macquarie University report that plastic pollution is harming the growth, photosynthesis and oxygen production of Prochlorococcus, the ocean's most abundant photosynthetic bacteria, responsible for 10% of oxygen breathed by humans.[181]

15 May: Creation of a new synthetic form of viable life, a variant of the bacteria Escherichia coli, reported by researchers.[182]

• 15 May
  • Researchers, in a milestone effort, report the creation of a new synthetic (possibly artificial) form of viable life, a variant of the bacteria Escherichia coli, by reducing the natural number of 64 codons in the bacterial genome to 59 codons instead, in order to encode 20 amino acids.[182][183]
  • Researchers at University of Nebraska Medical Center describe the role of TGF-beta type II signaling receptor (TGFBR2) in osteoarthritis, which plays a key role in the progression of the disease by regulating joint development. They also identify a potential new drug that could treat it.[184]
• 16 May
  • Astronomers report their first results about 486958 Arrokoth, the Kuiper Belt object in the outer Solar System that the New Horizons space probe flew by in January 2019.[185][186]
  • Researchers from the University of Leeds report that nearly a quarter of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is now unstable, with melting of the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers now five times faster than 25 years previously.[187][188]
• 19 May
  • Researchers at the University of Melbourne report an unusual slowdown in the growth of life expectancy in Australia, following 20 years of rapid increases.[189][190]
  • Physicists report that decay processes of quasiparticles in certain strongly interacting medium systems may be stopped entirely, which may help make such particles basically immortal.[191][192]
• 20 May
  • Lawyers in China report, in light of the purported creation by Chinese scientist He Jiankui of the first gene-edited humans (see Lulu and Nana controversy), the drafting of regulations that anyone manipulating the human genome by gene-editing techniques, like CRISPR, would be held responsible for any related adverse consequences.[193]
  • The redefinition of the SI system of measurement adopted by the majority of countries in the world takes effect.[194]

22 May: Fossilized fungus, Ourasphaira giraldae (not pictured), found that may have grown on land a billion years ago, well before plants were on land.[195][196][197]

• 21 May – Researchers at McMaster University report the discovery of a new and more efficient method of storing vaccines in temperatures of up to 40 °C for weeks at a time.[198][199][200]
• 22 May
  • Scientists report the discovery of a fossilized fungus, named Ourasphaira giraldae, in the Canadian Arctic, that may have grown on land a billion years ago, well before plants were living on land.[195][196][197]
  • Superconductivity at very high pressure is observed at a temperature of -23 °C (-9 °F), a jump of about 50 degrees compared to the previous confirmed record, by researchers at the University of Chicago.[201][202]
• 23 May
  • Researchers at the University of Southampton predict that the average (median) body mass of mammals will collectively reduce by 25 per cent over the next century, due to the impact of human activity.[203][204][205]
  • Astronomers report the discovery of a very large amount of water in the northern polar region of the planet Mars.[206][207]
• 27 May – The last male Sumatran rhinoceros in Malaysia is reported to have died, leaving only one female in the country.[208]
• 28 May – A team from the University of Minnesota and University of Massachusetts exceed the Sabatier maximum, with a 10,000-fold increase in the rate of chemical reactions, using waves to create an oscillating catalyst.[209]

June

10 June: Scientists report that Ahuna Mons, a very high mountain on Ceres, may have been formed from a plume of mud ejected from deep inside the dwarf planet.[210]

• June – Heuglin's gazelle rediscovered in Eritrea.[211]
• 3 June – Researchers report that the purportedly first-ever germline genetically edited humans, the twin babies Lulu and Nana, by Chinese scientist He Jiankui, may have been mutated in a way that shortens life expectancy.[212][213][214]
• 4 June – Astronomers report the discovery of a star, named ASASSN-V J213939.3-702817.4, non-variable earlier, observed to be associated with a very unusual, deep dimming event. The star, in the Indus constellation, is about 3,630 ly (1,110 pc) away.[215][216][217]
• 6 June – The International Astronomical Union (I.A.U), in celebration of its hundredth anniversary, in a project called IAU100 NameExoWorlds, is reported to welcome countries of the world, to submit names for astronomical objects, particularly exoplanets and its host star, which would later be considered for official adoption by the organization.[218][219][220]
• 10 June
  • Scientists report that Ahuna Mons, a very high dome-shaped mountain on the dwarf planet Ceres, may have been formed by a plume of mud ejected from deep within the planet.[210][221]
  • A study by researchers from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, identifies nearly 600 plants that have disappeared since the Industrial Revolution – more than twice the number of birds, mammals and amphibians combined – with extinctions now occurring 500 times faster than the natural background rate.[222][223]
• 11 June
  • Astronomers report that the usual Hubble classification, particularly concerning spiral galaxies, may not be supported, and may need updating.[224]
  • Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder demonstrate "nanobio-hybrid" organisms capable of using airborne carbon dioxide and nitrogen to produce a variety of eco-friendly plastics and fuels.[225]
• 12 June
  • The discovery of cold quasars is announced at the 234th meeting of the American Astronomical Society.[226]
  • Astronomers report the discovery of two Earth-mass exoplanets orbiting Teegarden's Star within its habitable zone.[227][228]
• 19 June – Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University demonstrate the first noninvasive mind-controlled robotic arm.[229]
• 20 June – Researchers at Lancaster University describe a new electronic memory device that combines the properties of both DRAM and flash, while recording or deleting data using hundreds of times less energy.[230]

21 June: Scientists release 1st video appearance of a giant squid in United States waters.[231]

• 21 June – Scientists release the video appearance, for the second time, and for the very first time in waters of the United States, of a giant squid in its deepwater habitat.[231][232][233]
• 22 June – Scientists working with the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars report the detection of a significant amount of methane, the largest amount ever detected by the rover – 21 parts per billion units by volume (ppbv) (i.e., one ppbv means that if you take a volume of air on Mars, one billionth of the volume of air is methane). Methane is a possible indicator of life, but may also be produced geologically.[234][235][236]
• 23 June – Researchers in Greece report for the first time, a single-step Laser texturing process for the fabrication of anti-reflective transparent surfaces based on biomimicry.[237]
• 24 June – SpaceX successfully launches the Falcon Heavy for the 3rd time with the STP-2 mission. This is also the first Falcon Heavy mission contracted by the United States Government.
• 27 June – NASA's Dragonfly spacecraft is selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. It will launch in 2026, arriving on the surface of Saturn's moon Titan in 2034.[238][239]
• 28 June
  • Russian astronomers report the discovery of nine Fast Radio Burst (FRB) events (FRB 121029, FRB 131030, FRB 140212, FRB 141216, FRB 151125.1, FRB 151125.2, FRB 160206, FRB 161202, FRB 180321), which include one repeating FRB (FRB 151125, third one ever detected), from the direction of the M 31 (Andromeda Galaxy) and M 33 (Triangulum Galaxy) galaxies during the analysis of archive data (July 2012 to December 2018) from the BSA/LPI large phased array radio telescope at the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory.[240][241][242]
  • Astronomers report the detection of a star, named HD 139139 (EPIC 249706694), that dims in brightness in an apparent random, and currently unexplainable, way.[243][244][245]
• 29 June – Scientists report that all 16 GB of Wikipedia have been encoded into synthetic DNA.[246]

July

• 1 July
  • Astronomers report that 'Oumuamua, an interstellar object that passed through the Solar System in October 2017, was an object of a "purely natural origin", and not otherwise.[247][248]

3 July: Substantial amounts of "lost tropical rainforest" can be restored, based on studies.[249][250]

• • MRI scans were performed on individual atoms.[251][252]
• 2 July
  • The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reports that the global average temperature for June 2019 was the highest on record for the month, at 0.1 °C higher than that of the previous warmest June, in 2016.[253][254]
  • A total solar eclipse occurs, with totality visible in the South Pacific and South America.
  • Astronomers report that FRB 190523, a non-repeating Fast Radio Burst (FRB), has been discovered and, notably, localized to a few-arcsecond region containing a single massive galaxy at a redshift of 0.66, nearly 8 billion light-years away from Earth.[255][256]
• 3 July
  • Scientists from the University of Bristol describe a new way to direct stem cells to heart tissue, using a designer adhesive protein.[257]
  • Researchers identify more than a 1 million square kilometres (0.39 million square miles) of lost tropical rainforest across the Americas, Africa and Southeast Asia, with a high potential for restoration.[258][249][250]
• 7 July – Researchers report receiving the first pictures from LightSail 2, a CubeSat developed by The Planetary Society, and launched into Earth orbit on 25 June 2019 by a Falcon Heavy rocket.[259]

11 July: Detection, for the first time, of a moon-forming circumplanetary disk around a distant planet, PDS 70c.[260][261]

• 8 July – Astronomers report that a new method to determine the Hubble constant, and resolve the discrepancy of earlier methods, has been proposed based on the mergers of pairs of neutron stars, following the detection of the neutron star merger of GW170817.[262][263] Their measurement of the Hubble constant is 70.3+5.3
  −5.0 (km/s)/Mpc.[264]
• 10 July – Anthropologists report the discovery of 210,000 year old remains of a Homo sapiens and 170,000 year old remains of a Neanderthal in Apidima Cave in southern Greece, over 150,000 years older than previous H. sapiens finds in Europe.[265][266][267]
• 11 July
  • Astronomers report, for the first time, detection of a moon-forming circumplanetary disk around a distant planet, particularly PDS 70c.[268][260][261]
  • Carnegie Mellon University reports an artificial intelligence program, developed in collaboration with Facebook AI, which is able to defeat leading professionals in six-player no-limit Texas hold'em poker.[269]
• 12 July – Physicists report, for the first time, capturing an image of quantum entanglement.[270][271]
• 13 July – The Russian/German Spektr-RG observatory is successfully launched into space, on a seven-year mission to study X-ray sources.[272]
• 15 July
  • Astronomers report that non-repeating Fast Radio Bursts (FRB)s may not be one-off events, but actually FRB repeaters with repeat events that have gone undetected and, further, that FRBs may be formed by events that have not yet been seen or considered.[273][274]
  • A paper is released in the journal Nature Astronomy in which researchers from Harvard University, the University of Edinburgh and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) detail how silica aerogel could be used to block radiation, obtain water and permit photosynthesis to occur to make Mars more hospitable for human survival.[275][276][277][278]

22 July: Chandrayaan-2 is launched, an ISRO lunar exploration mission that includes an orbiter, lander and rover.[279]

• 16 July – Astronomers report the determination, based on a new method (Red Giant Stars method), of the Hubble Constant as 69.8 km s−1 Mpc−1, a value in the middle of two earlier values determined by two other methods: 67.4 (CMB Radiation method) and 74.0 (Cepheids method).[280][281]
• 17 July – Astronomers rule out the chances of ~30 m (98 ft) asteroid 2006 QV89's hitting Earth in September 2019 by eliminating the possibility of its passing through an area where it would have to be if it were on an impacting orbit. Prior to this, the asteroid had been given a one-in-7,000 chance of hitting Earth.[282]
• 22 July
  • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launches Chandrayaan-2, its second lunar exploration mission, which includes an orbiter, lander and rover.[279]
  • Biochemists and geochemist from Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo and the National University of Malaysia, Bangi report the discovery of simple organic molecules (hydroxy acids) that can assemble themselves into possible protocells under conditions similar to those of the early Earth.[283][284]
• 25 July – Astronomers report that 2019 OK, a previously undetected asteroid up to 130 metres (430 feet) across, passed within 72,000 kilometres (45,000 miles) of Earth on 25 July 2019 at 01:22 GMT.[285]
• 30 July – Astronomers report evidence to support the hypothesis of an ancient ocean on the planet Mars that may have been formed by a possible mega-tsunami source resulting from a meteorite impact creating Lomonosov crater.[286][287]
• 31 July
  • Astronomers report that GJ 357 d, a "Super-Earth" discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), lies within the habitable zone of its parent star, 31 light years from Earth.[288][289]
  • Astronomers report finding an A-type main-sequence star, S5-HVS1, traveling 1,755 km/s (3,930,000 mph), faster that any other star detected so far. The star is in the Grus (or Crane) constellation in the southern sky, and about 29,000 light-years from Earth, and may have been ejected out of the Milky Way galaxy after interacting with Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.[290][291][292][293][294]

August

• 1 August
  • Astronomers publish the most detailed ever measurements of the "warping" effect on the Milky Way's 3D structure, based on the distribution of more than 2,400 Cepheids, using the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE).[295][296][297]
  • Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University publish details of a new technique for 3D bioprinting of tissue scaffolds made from collagen, the major structural protein in the human body.[298]
  • Danish polar research institution, Polar Portal, reports a spike in Greenland ice loss, with 11 billion tons melted in one day and 197 Gigatonnes during the month of July.[299]

5 August: Tardigrades may have survived crash landing on the Moon.[300][301]

• 5 August
  • Scientists report that a capsule containing tardigrades in cryptobiotic state (as well as a laser-etched copy of Wikipedia in glass) may have survived the April 2019 crash landing on the Moon of Beresheet, a failed Israeli lunar lander.[300][301]
  • Engineers at the University of Buffalo reveal a new device able to cool parts of buildings by up to 11 °C (20 °F), without consuming electricity. The system uses an inexpensive polymer/aluminum film at the bottom of a solar "shelter", which absorbs heat from the air inside the box and transmits that energy back into outer space.[302]
• 6 August – Scientists at the University of Leeds create a new form of gold just two atoms thick, measured at 0.47 nanometres. In addition to being the thinnest unsupported gold ever produced, it functions 10 times more efficiently as a catalytic substrate than larger gold nanoparticles.[303][304][305]
• 7 August – Biologists report the discovery of the fossil remains of a first-of-its-kind extinct giant parrot named The Hercules parrot (or Heracles inexpectatus) in New Zealand. The parrot is thought to have stood up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall and weighed approximately 7 kg (15 lb).[306][307]
• 8 August
  • Astronomers report that the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) made the first high-resolution measurements of an interplanetary shock wave from the sun.[308]
  • Researchers at Harvard report the creation of "cyborg organoids", which consist of 3D organoids grown from stem cells, with embedded sensors to measure activity in the developmental process.[309]
• 9 August
  • Astronomers report the detection of eight very unusual repeating Fast Radio Burst (FRB) signals in outer space.[310][311]
  • Scientists report the isolation and culture of Lokiarchaea, a microorganism that may help explain the emergence of complex eukarotic (nucleated) cells from simpler bacteria-like cells.[312]

8 August: The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) makes the first high-resolution measurements of an interplanetary shock wave from the sun.[308]

• 11 August
  • Researchers report that Windows 10 users may be at risk for "critical" system compromise due to design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.[313]
  • Astronomers using the Keck Observatory report a sudden brightening of Sagittarius A*, which became 75 times brighter than usual, suggesting that the supermassive black hole may have encountered another object.[314]
• 13 August – Computer experts report that the BlueKeep security vulnerability that potentially affects older unpatched Microsoft Windows versions via the program's Remote Desktop Protocol, allowing for the possibility of remote code execution, may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue, affecting newer Windows versions (i.e., Windows 7 and all recent versions) as well.[315]
• 14 August
  • Computer experts report a Microsoft security vulnerability, CVE-2019-1162, based on legacy code involving Microsoft CTF and ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), that affects all Windows versions from the older Windows XP version to the most recent Windows 10 versions; a patch to correct the flaw is currently available.[316]
  • Astronomers report the best candidate yet for the collision, named S190814bv, of a black hole with a neutron star, based on the detection of gravitational wave signals.[317]
  • The most accurate study of exoplanets to date, published by Penn State, estimates that one in six Sun-like stars contain planets of similar size and orbital period to Earth.[318]
• 15 August
  • Chemists report the formation, for the first time, of an 18-atom cyclocarbon of pure carbon; such chemical structures may be useful as molecular-sized electronic components.[319]
  • The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports that July 2019 was the hottest month on record globally, at 0.95 °C (1.71 °F) above the 20th century average.[320][321][322]

23 August: First teleportation of three-dimensional quantum states, or "qutrits"

• 19 August
  • NASA reports that the Europa Clipper mission to Europa, a moon of the planet Jupiter, has been confirmed.[323]
  • The first computer chip to exceed one trillion transistors, known as the Wafer Scale Engine, is announced by Cerebras Systems in collaboration with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC).[324]
• 22 August – Research by Norwegian scientists adds to a growing body of evidence that too much sitting is related to a higher risk of early death, and that even a small amount of regular activity can lengthen lifespan.[325]
• 23 August
  • Austrian and Chinese scientists report the first teleportation of three-dimensional quantum states, or "qutrits", which are more complex than two-dimensional qubits.[326]
  • NASA reports that the Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC), to be used for precise radio navigation in deep space, has been activated.[327]
• 26 August – Astronomers report that newly discovered long-term pattern of absorbance and albedo changes in the atmosphere of the planet Venus are caused by "unknown absorbers", which may be microorganisms high up in the atmosphere of the planet.[328][329]
• 28 August
  • Scientists report the discovery of a nearly intact skull, for the first time, and dated at 3.8 million years ago, of Australopithecus anamensis in Ethiopia.[330]
  • Astronomers report the discovery, based on deep, irregularly shaped transits, of a second disrupted planetary object being ripped apart by its host star; in this instance, the host star is a white dwarf named ZTF J0139+5245; the first such similar host star discovered was WD 1145+017 in 2015.[331]
  • Scientists report the discovery of a new distinctive light wave, named a Dyakonov-Voigt wave, that results from a particular manipulation of crystals, that was first suggested in equations developed by physicist James Clerk Maxwell in the middle 1800s.[332][333]
• 29 August – Astronomers report that the exoplanet in the WASP-49 system might have a volcanically active exomoon.[334]
• 30 August
  • In a study published in the journal PLOS Pathogens, researchers at Spain's Carlos III Health Institute note the discovery of the genetic mutuation TNPO3, known for causing muscular dystrophy, may also give protection against HIV.[335][336][337]
  • Scientists in China report a way of regrowing the complex structure of tooth enamel, using calcium phosphate ion clusters as a precursor layer.[338][339]

September

6 September: Exploit of wormable BlueKeep security vulnerability, affecting all unpatched Windows NT-based versions of Microsoft Windows, including Windows 2000 and Windows 7, has been released publicly.[340]

• 2 September – Insilico Medicine reports the creation, via artificial intelligence, of six novel inhibitors of the DDR1 gene, a kinase target implicated in fibrosis and other diseases. The system, known as Generative Tensorial Reinforcement Learning (GENTRL), designed the new compounds in 21 days, with a lead candidate tested and showing positive results in mice.[341][342][343]
• 5 September – Astronomers report that the observed dimmings of Tabby's Star may have been produced by fragments resulting from the disruption of an orphaned exomoon.[344][345]
• 6 September
  • Computer experts announce that an exploit of the wormable BlueKeep security vulnerability, affecting all unpatched Windows NT-based versions of Microsoft Windows from Windows 2000 through Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7, has now been released into the public realm.[340]
  • Mathematicians report, after a 65-year search (since 1954), the solution to the last integer left below 100 (i.e., "42") expressed as the sum of three cubes.[346]
  • A team of physicists report that the supposed discrepancy in the proton radius between electronic and muonic hydrogen does not exist, settling the proton radius puzzle.[347]
• 7 September – The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) loses contact with Chandrayaan-2, its second lunar probe, just moments before it was expected to land on the Moon's surface.[348]
• 10 September – Scientists report the computerized determination, based on 260 CT scans, of a virtual skull shape of the last common human ancestor to modern humans, and suggests that the human ancestor arose through a merging of populations in East and South Africa, between 260,000 and 350,000 years ago.[349][350]
• 11 September
  • Astronomers report the detection of water vapour in the atmosphere of the circumstellar habitable zone exoplanet K2-18b, which may be between 0 and 40 °C.[351][352]
  • Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology demonstrate the first artificial hand for amputees that merges user and robotic control, a concept in neuroprosthetics known as shared control.[353]
  • Astronomers at the Minor Planet Center confirm the detection of comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov),[354][355] likely a second interstellar object, following the earlier discovery of ʻOumuamua.[356]
  • Google reports the creation of a deep learning system, trained on 50,000 different diagnoses, able to detect 26 skin conditions as accurately as dermatologists.[357][358]

16 September: The most massive neutron star ever discovered, with 2.17 solar masses placing it on the boundary of the theoretical maximum.

• 16 September
  • Biochemists report that "RNA-DNA chimeras" (complex mixtures of RNA molecules and DNA molecules) may be a more effective way of producing precursor life biochemicals, than the more linear approaches (with pure RNA and pure DNA molecules) used earlier.[359][360]
  • Using CRISPR, researchers in the U.S. engineer a plasmid to remove an antibiotic resistance gene from the Enterococcus faecalis bacterium.[361][362]
  • Astronomers using the Green Bank Telescope identify a rapidly rotating millisecond pulsar, called J0740+6620, as the most massive neutron star ever observed, with 2.17 solar masses in a sphere only 30 kilometers across.[363]
  • Scientists at the Mayo Clinic report the first successful use of senolytics, a new class of drug with potential anti-aging benefits, to remove senescent cells from human patients with a kidney disease.[364][365]
  • In a study published in PNAS, researchers at MIT detail a new emission free method of cement production, a major contributor to climate change.[366][367]
• 17 September – A small clinical trial, announced by U.S. company NeuroEM Therapeutics, shows reversal of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients after just two months of treatment using a wearable head device. Electromagnetic waves emitted by the device appear to penetrate the brain to break up amyloid-beta and tau deposits.[368]
• 19 September – Researchers report on the facial appearance of Denisovans, an extinct group of archaic humans in the genus Homo, based on genetic information.[369][370][371]
• 20 September – Scientists report that the InSight lander on the planet Mars uncovered unexplained magnetic pulses, and magnetic oscillations may be consistent with a planet-wide reservoir of liquid water deep underground.[372]

25 September: Largest iceberg in 50 years breaks off from the Amery Ice Shelf in Antarctica.[373]

• 25 September
  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases its Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. This includes a revised projection for sea level rise, upwards by 10 cm to 1.1 metres by 2100.[374][375][376]
  • Canadian company Deep Genomics announces that its AI-based drug discovery platform has identified a target and drug candidate for Wilson's disease. The candidate, DG12P1, is designed to correct the exon-skipping effect of Met645Arg, a genetic mutation affecting the ATP7B copper-binding protein.[377]
  • Engineers at Duke University report the use of machine learning to rapidly design dielectric (non-metal) metamaterials that absorb and emit specific frequencies of terahertz radiation.[378]
  • The Amery Ice Shelf in Antarctica produces its largest iceberg in more than 50 years, with a chunk called D28 being calved off that is 1,636 sq km in area and weighs an estimated 315 billion tonnes.[373]
• 27 September – Astronomers report, for the first time, the release of cyanide gas and dust from an interstellar object, particularly from the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov.[379]
• 30 September – By combining doses of lithium, trametinib and rapamycin into a single treatment, researchers extend the lifespan of fruit flies (Drosophila) by 48%.[380]

October

8 October: Researchers find human cartilage repair mechanism which may allow entire limbs to regenerate.[381]

• 1 October
  • Scientists at the Deep Carbon Observatory quantify the amount of carbon held by the Earth, finding that 1.85∗10¹⁸ tonnes is present, the vast majority below ground.[382][383]
  • Scientists at the University of California, San Diego describe how a protein named Dsup (Damage suppression protein) binds to chromatin, which protects the cells of tardigrades and may explain the animals' tremendous resilience.[384]
  • Physicists report a way of determining the state of Schrödinger's cat before observing it.[385][386]
• 2 October – Scientists reveal the photo carrier dynamics in heterojunction phototransistors and show how molecular packing can impact on photoresponse. The study could lead to new schemes to engineer efficient photo carrier transport in general.[387]
• 4 October – Scientists use a new parallelised technique, known as femtosecond projection TPL (FP-TPL), to 3D print nanoscale structures up to 1,000 times faster than conventional two-photon lithography (TPL).[388][389]
• 7 October
  • NASA reports evidence, uncovered by the Curiosity rover on Mount Sharp, of a 150 km (93 mi) wide ancient basin in Gale crater that once may have contained a salty lake.[390][391]
  • 20 new moons of Saturn are discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and his team at the Carnegie Institution for Science, taking the planet's total known number to 82, surpassing Jupiter.[392][393]
  • Researchers genetically engineer Escherichia coli that can manufacture large amounts of psilocybin, which is in clinical trials for treating depression and other brain diseases.[394]
• 8 October – Researchers at Duke University Health System identify a mechanism for cartilage repair in humans, which could allow joints and possibly entire limbs to regenerate.[381]
• 15 October – OpenAI demonstrates a pair of neural networks trained to solve a Rubik's Cube with a highly dexterous, human-like robotic hand.[395][396]
• 16 October – Researchers at Harvard Medical School identify a link between neural activity and human longevity. Neural excitation is linked to shorter life, while suppression of overactivity appears to extend lifespan.[397]
• 17 October – Northwestern University researchers unveil a new 3D printer known as HARP (high-area rapid printing), which can produce an object the size of an adult human within two hours, without sacrificing quality or resolution.[398]

23 October: Google notes its 53-qubit 'Sycamore' processor has achieved quantum supremacy.[399]

• 18 October
  • Researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz, describe the use of nanoscale optical probes to monitor neural activity, with potential to greatly increase the scale and bandwidth available compared to microelectrode arrays.[400][401]
  • A new stable form of plutonium, which may be a transient phase in radioactive waste repositories, is discovered by scientists using the European Synchrotron in Grenoble, France.[402]
• 21 October
  • In a study, published in the journal Nature, researchers at the Broad Institute describe a new method of genetic engineering superior to previous methods like CRISPR they call "prime editing."[403][404][405]
  • Researchers report that the Cretaceous Chicxulub asteroid impact that resulted in the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago, also rapidly acidified the oceans producing ecological collapse and long-lasting effects on the climate, and was a key reason for end-Cretaceous mass extinction.[406][407]
• 22 October – Scientists report further evidence supporting the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis that the extinction of ice-age animals may have been caused by a disintegrating asteroid or comet impact and/or airburst about 12,800 years ago.[408][409]
• 23 October – Google announces that its 53-qubit 'Sycamore' processor has achieved quantum supremacy, performing a specific task in 200 seconds that would take the world's best supercomputers 10,000 years to complete.[399][410][411][412] However, the claim is disputed by some IBM researchers.[413]
• 25 October – A new carbon capture system is described by MIT, which can work on the gas at almost any concentration, using electrodes combined with carbon nanotubes.[414]

26 October: Botswana in south central Africa found to be the birthplace of all modern humans 200,000 years ago, based on genetic studies.[415][416]

• 28 October
  • A study published in Nature identifies Botswana as the birthplace of anatomically modern humans, based on genetic studies, around 200,000 BCE.[415][416][417][418]
  • Astronomers observe the large asteroid Hygiea in higher resolution than ever before, revealing it to be spherical and a likely dwarf planet candidate; possibly the smallest in the Solar System.[419][420]
  • Researchers report that the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov is outgassing water, and in a manner similar to the outgassing of water in a typical comet in the Solar System.[421][422]
  • Scientists report that terrestrial lifeforms, including extreme forms of archaea microorganisms, were not found to exist in very hot, acidic and salty conditions present in some areas of Earth, including in the Danakil Depression of Ethiopia.[423][424]
• 29 October – A study in Nature concludes that rising sea levels will threaten 300 million people by 2050, more than triple previous estimates. The upward revision is based on the use of a multilayer perceptron, a class of artificial neural network, which analysed topographical maps in greater detail than before and provided more accurate land elevations.[425][426][427]
• 30 October – A large-scale study by researchers in Germany finds that insect populations declined by one-third between 2008 and 2017.[428][429][430]
• 31 October – Researchers at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, develop a new film that is applied to solar cells, which combines nanocrystals and microlenses to capture infrared light. This can increase the solar energy conversion efficiency by 10 percent or more.[431]

November

4 November: Scientists officially confirm that the Voyager 2 space probe left the Solar System and entered interstellar space on 5 November 2018.[432][433]

• 1 November – Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demonstrate a way to 3D print living skin, complete with blood vessels, which could be used for more natural and accurate grafts.[434]
• 4 November – Scientists confirm that, on 5 November 2018, the Voyager 2 probe had officially reached the interstellar medium (ISM), a region of outer space beyond the influence of the Solar System, and has now joined the Voyager 1 probe which had reached the ISM earlier in 2012.[432][433]
• 5 November – 11,000 scientists from around the world publish a study in the journal BioScience, warning "clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency."[435][436][437]
• 6 November – Scientists at the University of Rochester demonstrate a new technique for creating superhydrophobic metals that float on water, using femtosecond laser bursts to "etch" the surfaces and trap air.[438]
• 8 November
  • Microsoft confirms a potentially wormable BlueKeep security vulnerability attack, and urges users to immediately patch their Microsoft Windows computer systems.[439]
  • Computer experts at Kaspersky Lab report the detection of a very advanced and insidious backdoor malware APT named Titanium, that was developed by PLATINUM, a cybercrime collective.[440][441]
• 12 November – 486958 Arrokoth, a trans-Neptunian object previously nicknamed "Ultima Thule" and visited by the New Horizons spacecraft, receives its official name during a ceremony at the NASA Headquarters.[442]

15 November: 143 new Nazca geoglyphs are reported by researchers.[443]

• 13 November
  • Jim Peebles, awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for his theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology.[444] notes, in his award presentation, that he does not support the Big Bang Theory, due to the lack of concrete supporting evidence, and states, "It's very unfortunate that one thinks of the beginning whereas in fact, we have no good theory of such a thing as the beginning."[445]
  • Researchers report that astronauts experienced serious blood flow and clot problems while on board the International Space Station, based on a six month study of 11 healthy astronauts. The results may influence long-term spaceflight, including a mission to the planet Mars, according to the researchers.[446][447]
  • Scientists in Japan use single-cell RNA analysis to find that supercentenarians have an excess of cytotoxic CD4 T-cells, a type of immune cell.[448]
• 15 November – The discovery and interpretation of 143 new Nazca geoglyphs is announced by researchers from Yamagata University.[443]
• 18 November
  • Internal-wave cooling of threatened coral reefs quantified across the Pacific Ocean by an international collaboration led by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology is published in Nature Geoscience[449]
  • Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is fully mapped for the first time, using data from NASA's Cassini mission.[450]
  • Scientists report detecting, for the first time, sugar molecules, including ribose, in meteorites, suggesting that chemical processes on asteroids can produce some fundamentally essential bio-ingredients important to life, and supporting the notion of an RNA world prior to a DNA-based origin of life on Earth, and possibly, as well, the notion of panspermia.[451][452][453]
  • Researchers at the University of Notre Dame develop a new method for lifelong learning in artificial neural networks, which entails the use of a ferroelectric ternary content-addressable memory component. Their study, featured in Nature Electronics, aims to replicate the human brain's ability to learn from only a few examples, adapting to new tasks based on past experiences.[454]
• 20 November
  • Astronomers report a notable gamma ray burst explosion, named GRB 190114C, initially detected in January 2019, that, so far, has been determined to have had the highest energy, 1 Tera electron volts (Tev), ever observed for such a cosmic event.[455][456]
  • A study shows that the consensus among climate change scientists has grown to 100%, based on a review of 11,602 peer-reviewed articles published in the first seven months of 2019.[457]

23 November: Last known Sumatran rhinoceros in Malaysia passes on.[458]

• 23 November – The last known Sumatran rhinoceros in Malaysia passes on.[458]
• 25 November
  • IPv4 address exhaustion: The RIPE NCC, which is the official regional Internet registry (RIR) for Europe, officially announces that it has run out of IPv4 Addresses.[459]
  • The World Meteorological Organization reports that levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached another new record high of 407.8 parts per million in 2018,[460] with "no sign of a slowdown, let alone a decline."[461][462]
• 26 November
  • Astronomers from Yale University report that the recently detected interstellar comet 2I/Borisov (including coma and tail), is "14 times the size of Earth", presented an image comparing the comet size with the size of planet Earth [...] and stated, "It's humbling to realize how small Earth is next to this visitor from another solar system."[463]
  • Researchers report, based on an international study of 27 countries, that caring for families is the main motivator for people worldwide.[464][465]
• 27 November
  • Researchers report the discovery of Caveasphaera. a multicellular organism found in 609-million-year-old rocks, that is not easily defined as an animal or non-animal, which may be related to one of the earliest instances of animal evolution.[466][467]
  • Scientists at the University of Exeter report that more than half of nine climate change tipping points identified a decade ago are now "active".[468]
  • Chinese astronomers report the discovery of LB-1, the name of a galactic B-type star,[469] as well as the name of a very closely associated over-massive stellar-mass black hole,[470] at least 7,000 light-years (2,100 pc) from Earth.[470] The black hole is, at nearly 70 solar masses, over twice the mass as the maximum predicted by most current theories of stellar evolution.[469][470][471]

December

2 December: Molecule, PJ34, found that promotes the self-destruction of up to 90% of the pancreatic cancer cells in laboratory mouse studies.[472][473]

• 2 December
  • Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy demonstrate X-ray Laser-Enhanced Attosecond Pulse generation (XLEAP), a new method for observing the movements of electrons, using lasers just 280 attoseconds long.[474]
  • Researchers from Tel Aviv University describe how a molecule known as PJ34 triggers the self-destruction of pancreatic cancer cells, which were reduced by up to 90% in mouse models.[472][473]
• 3 December – Researchers from the University of Bath report the creation of artificial neurons that reproduce the electrical properties of biological neurons onto semiconductor chips.[475][476]
• 4 December – Astronomers publish the first evidence of a giant planet orbiting a white dwarf, WDJ0914+1914, suggesting that planets in our own Solar System may survive the death of our Sun in the distant future.[477][478][479]
• 5 December – Researchers at the California Academy of Sciences report the discovery of 71 new plant and animal species, which includes 17 fish, 15 geckos, 8 flower plants, 6 sea slugs, 5 arachnids, 4 eels, 3 ants, 3 skinks, 2 skates, 2 wasps, 2 mosses, 2 corals and 2 lizards.[480]
• 6 December – New calculations show that hollow spherical bubbles containing positronium gas are stable in liquid helium and could therefore serve as the source of positronium Bose-Einstein condensates for gamma-ray lasers, which could be used for medical imaging, spacecraft propulsion, and cancer treatment. Work to realize such bubbles is ongoing and near term results might have applications in quantum computing.[481]
• 7 December – Didier Queloz, winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics, takes issue with those who are not supportive of helping to improve climate change, stating, "I think this is just irresponsible, because the stars are so far away I think we should not have any serious hope to escape the Earth [...] Also keep in mind that we are a species that has evolved and developed for this planet. We’re not built to survive on any other planet than this one [...] We'd better spend our time and energy trying to fix it."[482]
• 8 December – Astronomers report that the star Betelgeuse has significantly "fainted" in visibility and, possibly as a result, may suggest the star to be in the last stages of its evolution, and may be expected to explode as a supernova within the next 100,000 years, much sooner than thought previously.[483][484][485]

10 December: Substantial amounts of water ice detected just below the surface in certain areas on the planet Mars.[486]

• 9 December
  • Researchers at EPFL discover that the viscosity of solutions of electrically charged polymers dissolved in water is influenced by a quantum effect. This tiny quantum effect influences the way water molecules interact with one another.[487]
  • Researchers publish a study, "Ultrafast stimulated emission microscopy of single nanocrystals," in which they report on a technique for studying femtosecond events in non-fluorescent, nano-scale objects.[488]
  • Researchers report quantum states being achieved in materials such as silicon carbide and components such as diodes used in ordinary electronics.[489]
  • Scientists in China create pigs with monkey DNA; thus creating an animal hybrid with genetic material from two different species.[490]
  • Intel reveals a first-of-its-kind cryogenic control chip – code-named "Horse Ridge" – for control of multiple quantum bits (qubits) and scaling of larger quantum computer systems.[491]
  • Researchers develop a self-cleaning mechanism for solar panels, which can remove particles on its surface more effectively than methods used previously. Due to wet-chemically etched nanowires and a hydrophobic coating on the surface, water droplets can remove 98% of dust particles.[492]
• 10 December
  • Astronomers report studies that question the validity of an essential assumption supporting the existence of dark energy, suggesting that dark energy may not actually exist. Lead researcher of the new studies, Young-Wook Lee of Yonsei University, said, "Quoting Carl Sagan, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, but I am not sure we have such extraordinary evidence for dark energy. Our result illustrates that dark energy from SN cosmology, which led to the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, might be an artifact of a fragile and false assumption."[493][494]
  • NASA scientists report that substantial amounts of "water ice" may be readily available just below the surface on the planet Mars, in some particularly well mapped areas (image).[486]
  • Ford, in a joint research project with Microsoft, reveals a "quantum-inspired" algorithm able to cut traffic by 73% and shorten commuting times by 8% in a simulation of 5,000 cars.[495][496]

18 December: Homo erectus, a species of extinct archaic humans, may have survived to nearly 100,000 years ago, much longer than thought previously.[497][498]

• 11 December
  • Scientists report the discovery of cave art in central Indonesia that is estimated to be at least 43,900 years old, and noted that the finding was "the oldest pictorial record of storytelling and the earliest figurative artwork in the world".[499]
  • Researchers find evidence that the carbon dioxide concentration in the oceans rose before the asteroid impact that caused the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs. This was likely caused by long-term volcanic eruptions from the Deccan Traps and acidified the oceans already before the asteroid impact. Their results might inform preparations for consequences of contemporary human-caused climate change in the Earth system and were made possible by a new method for analyzing the calcium isotope composition of fossilized sea shells.[500]
• 13 December – The Japanese government approves construction of the Hyper-Kamiokande, the largest neutrino detector in history.[501]
• 16 December – Scientists report that a lamella-like thin-film transistor composed of metal oxide semiconductors and organic polymer can be fabricated at low temperatures from solutions and operate under severe stress conditions. The study could provide a low-cost way for a range applications for large-area flexible electronics.[502][503]
• 18 December
  • The CHEOPS space telescope, whose mission is to study the formation of extrasolar planets and determine their precise radius, likely density and internal structure, is launched.[504][505]
  • Scientists report that Homo erectus, a species of extinct archaic humans, may have survived to nearly 100,000 years ago, much longer than thought previously.[497][498]
• 19 December – The AAAS journal Science reports that the "2019 Breakthrough of the Year" is the image of a supermassive black hole taken by the Event Horizon Telescope.[506][507] The best science findings of 2019 are also reported in other listings by Boston University,[508] Business Insider[509][510] and The New York Times.[511][512][513][514]
• 20 December – The US government authorises, for the first time, the use of federal funds to research geoengineering.[515]
• 26 December – A partial solar eclipse occurs.
• 28 December – NASA reports that astronaut Christina Koch has now spent 289 days on the International Space Station, more time in space than any other female astronaut, breaking the previous record of retired astronaut Peggy Whitson.[516]
• 30 December – Chinese authorities announce that He Jiankui, the scientist who claimed to have created the world's first genetically edited human babies, has been sentenced to three years in prison and fined 3 million yuan (US$430,000) for his genetic research efforts.[517][518][519]

Awards

• Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering – Bradford Parkinson, James Spilker, Hugo Fruehauf and Richard Schwartz
• Abel Prize – Karen Uhlenbeck
• The Nobel Prize in Medicine is awarded to William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for their work on the regulation of oxygen at the cellular level.[520]
• The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for their discoveries about the cosmos.[521]
• The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for their work on lithium batteries.[522]

Deaths

• 11 January – Michael Atiyah, British-Lebanese mathematician and Fields medalist (b. 1929)
• 6 February – Manfred Eigen, German chemist and Nobel laureate (b. 1927)
• 14 February – Simon P. Norton, English mathematician, co-discoverer of 'monstrous moonshine' (b. 1952)[523]
• 18 February – Wallace Smith Broecker, American geophysicist, coined the term "global warming" (b. 1931)[524]
• 1 March – Zhores Alferov, Soviet-Russian physicist and Nobel laureate (b. 1930)
• 20 March
  • Georg Kreutzberg, German neurobiologist (b. 1934)
  • Noel Hush, Australian chemist (b. 1924)
• 21 March – Roger Moore, American computer scientist (b. 1939)
• 28 March – Koji Nakanishi, Japanese chemist (b. 1925)
• 30 March – John Wilson Moore, American biophysicist (b. 1920)
• 5 April – Sydney Brenner, South African molecular biologist and Nobel laureate (b. 1927)
• 6 April – David J. Thouless, British physicist and Nobel laureate (b. 1934)
• 13 April – Paul Greengard, American neuroscientist and Nobel laureate (b. 1925)
• 15 April – Winston L. Shelton, American inventor (b. 1922)
• 2 May – Li Xintian, Chinese psychologist (b. 1924)
• 3 May – Goro Shimura, Japanese mathematician (b. 1930)
• 6 May – George Zimmerman, American physicist (b. 1935)
• 8 May – Robert McEliece, American mathematician and engineer (b. 1942)
• 9 May – Zhan Wenshan, Chinese physicist (b. 1941)
• 10 May – Geneviève Raugel, French mathematician (b. 1951)
• 13 May – Lo Tung-bin, Taiwanese biochemist (b. 1927)
• 14 May – Michael Rossmann, American physicist and microbiologist (b. 1930)
• 15 May – Charles Kittel, American physicist (b. 1916)
• 18 May – Mario Baudoin, Bolivian biologist (b. 1942)
• 24 May – Murray Gell-Mann, American physicist and Nobel laureate (b. 1929)
• 25 May – Margaret-Ann Armour, Canadian chemist (b. 1939)
• 27 May
  • Laurie Hendren, Canadian computer scientist (b. 1958)
  • Aharon Razin, Israeli biochemist (b. 1935)
• 28 May
  • Li Hengde, Chinese material scientist (b. 1921)
  • Wlodzimierz Ptak, Polish immunologist and microbiologist (b. 1928)
• 1 June
  • Harry Triandis, American psychologist (b. 1926)
  • Fons van de Vijver, Dutch psychologist (b. 1952)
• 2 June – Henry Lynch, American physician (b. 1928)
• 3 June – Tang Dingyuan, Chinese physicist (b. 1920)
• 4 June – Teruko Ishizaka, Japanese immunologist (b. 1926)
• 12 June – Wilbert McKeachie, American psychologist (b. 1921)
• 13 June – Heinrich Reichert, Swiss neurobiologist (b. 1949)
• 14 June
  • George Felton, British computer scientist (b. 1921)
  • James Wyngaarden, American physician (b. 1924)
• 16 June
  • Frederick Andermann, Canadian neurologist (b. 1930)
  • Feng Chuanhan, Chinese osteologist (b. 1914)
  • Francine Shapiro, American psychologist (b. 1948)
• 17 June
  • Kung Hsiang-fu, Chinese molecular biologist (b. 1942)
  • Clemens Roothaan, Dutch physicist and chemist (b. 1918)
• 20 June – Jean-Marie Hullot, French computer scientist (b. 1954)
• 22 June – Robert Levine, American psychologist (b. 1945)
• 23 June – George Rozenkranz, Mexican chemist (b. 1916)
• 29 June – Dieter Enders, German chemist (b. 1946)
• 30 June – Mitchell Feigenbaum, American physicist (b. 1944)
• 2 July – Suzanne Eaton, American biologist (b. 1959)
• 3 July – Arseny Mironov, Russian aeronautical engineer (b. 1917)
• 6 July – Calvin Quate, American engineer (b. 1923)
• 10 July
  • Karen Hitchcock, American biologist (b. 1943)
  • Gerald Weismann, American physician (b. 1930)
• 12 July
  • Fernando J. Corbató, American computer scientist (b. 1926)
  • Claudio Naranjo, Chilean psychiatrist (b. 1932)
  • Richard M. Thorne, American physicist (b. 1942)
• 13 July – Harlan Lane, American psychologist (b. 1936)
• 14 July
  • Rahul Desikan, American neuroscientist (b. 1978)
  • Hoàng Tụy, Vietnamese mathematician (b. 1927)
  • Arvind Varma, American chemical engineer (b. 1947)
• 15 July
  • Rex Richards, British chemist (b. 1922)
  • Thorsteinn Sigfusson, Icelandic physicist (b. 1954)
• 16 July – Judit Bar-Ilan, Israeli computer scientist (b. 1958)
• 18 July – Kurt Julius Isselbacher, American physician (b. 1925)
• 19 July
  • Godfried Toussaint, Canadian computer scientist (b. 1944)
  • Patrick Winston, American computer scientist (b. 1943)
• 20 July – Liane Russell, American geneticist (b. 1923)
• 22 July – Christopher C. Kraft Jr., American aerospace engineer (b. 1924)
• 23 July – Michael Roth, German engineer (b. 1936)
• 27 July – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist and Nobel laureate (b. 1931)
• 28 July
  • Walter Fiers, Belgian molecular biologist (b. 1931)
  • Li Jisheng, Chinese aerospace engineer (b. 1943)
• 1 August
  • Charles Fadley, American physicist (b. 1941)
  • Zha Quanxing, Chinese electrochemist (b. 1925)
  • Anders P. Ravin, Danish computer scientist (b. 1947)
• 2 August – Carl Bell, American psychiatrist (b. 1947)
• 3 August
  • Steven Gubser, American physicist (b. 1972)
  • Nikolai Kardashev, Russian astrophysicist, author of Kardashev scale (b. 1932)
• 4 August – Ann Nelson, American particle physicist (b. 1958)
• 6 August
  • Zhuo Renxi, Chinese chemist (b. 1931)
  • George F. Simmons, American mathematician (b. 1925)
• 7 August
  • Donald Klein, American psychiatrist (b. 1928)
  • Kary Mullis, American biochemist and Nobel laureate (b. 1944)
• 8 August – Stanislaw Konturek, Polish physiologist (b. 1931)
• 10 August – Radoslav Katičić, Croatian linguist (b. 1930)
• 11 August
  • Michael E. Krauss, American linguist (b. 1934)
  • Geoff Malcolm, New Zealand physical chemist (b. 1930)
• 12 August – Danny Cohen, Israeli computer scientist (b. 1937)
• 15 August – Qin Hanzhang, Chinese food scientist (b.1908)
• 20 August – Li Houwen, Chinese surgeon (b. 1927)
• 23 August – Walter Thiel, German chemist (b. 1949)
• 26 August – Chen Jiayong, Chinese metallurgist and chemical engineer (b. 1922)
• 27 August – Zhang Zong, Chinese crystallographer (b. 1929)
• 31 August
  • Wang Buxuan, Chinese physicist (b. 1922)
  • Immanuel Wallerstein, American sociologist (b. 1930)
• 8 September – Chris Dobson, British chemist (b. 1949)
• 11 October – Alexei Leonov, Soviet cosmonaut (Voskhod 2), first person to walk in space. (b. 1934)
• 1 November – Gilles Fontaine, Canadian astrophysicist (b. 1948)
• 2 November – Irwin Fridovich, American biochemist (b. 1929)
• 6 November – Michael Hanack, German chemist (b. 1931)
• 7 November – Margarita Salas, Spanish biochemist and geneticist (b. 1938)
• 18 November – Ching-Liang Lin, Taiwanese physicist (b. 1931)
• 20 November – Mary L. Good, American chemist and politician
• 26 November – Cyrus Chothia, English biochemist (b. 1942)
• 16 December – Hans Kornberg, British-American biochemist (b. 1928)

See also

• 2019 in spaceflight
• List of emerging technologies
• List of years in science

References

1. Corum, Jonathan (10 February 2019). "New Horizons Glimpses the Flattened Shape of Ultima Thule". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
2. Chang, Kenneth (31 December 2018). "New Horizons Spacecraft Completes Flyby of Ultima Thule, the Most Distant Object Ever Visited". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
3. Chang, Kenneth (31 December 2018). "NASA's New Horizons Will Visit Ultima Thule on New Year's Day". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
4. Chang, Kenneth (18 March 2019). "How Ultima Thule Is Like a Sticky, Pull-Apart Pastry". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
5. "Melting ice sheets release tons of methane into the atmosphere, study finds". University of Bristol. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
6. "China Moon mission lands Chang'e-4 spacecraft on far side". BBC News. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
7. "Scientists engineer shortcut for photosynthetic glitch, boost crop growth 40%". Science Daily. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
8. "Genetically modified 'shortcut' boosts plant growth by 40%". BBC News. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
9. "Excitons pave the way to more efficient electronics". EPFL. 4 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
10. "Engineers create an inhalable form of messenger RNA". MIT News. 4 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
11. "Scientists inch closer to fusion energy with discovery of a process that stabilizes plasmas". Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
12. "IBM Unveils World's First Integrated Quantum Computing System for Commercial Use". IBM. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
13. "IBM unveils its first commercial quantum computer". Tech Crunch. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
14. The CHIME/FRB Collaboration (9 January 2019). "A second source of repeating fast radio bursts". Nature. 566 (7743): 235–238. arXiv:1901.04525. Bibcode:2019Natur.566..235C. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0864-x. PMID 30653190.
15. Overbye, Dennis (10 January 2019). "Broadcasting from Deep Space, a Mysterious Series of Radio Signals". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
16. "Lexar Announces 1TB 633x SDXC™ UHS-I card, the behemoth of storage capacity". Lexar. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
17. "Thousands of stars turning into crystals". Science Daily. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
18. Dartmouth College (17 January 2019). "Understanding our early human ancestors: Australopithecus sediba". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
19. Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) (10 January 2019). "Unusual supernova opens a rare window on the collapse of a star". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
20. Torbet, Georgina (13 January 2019). "Scientists debate mysterious flash of light in space, known as 'The Cow'". Digital Trends. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
21. Koren, Marina (13 January 2019). "Astronomers Glimpse a Luminous Object Born From a Star's Death". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
22. "3D printing 100 times faster with light". Science Daily. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
23. "Antarctica losing six times more ice mass annually now than 40 years ago". Science Daily. 14 January 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
24. "Ocean giant gets a health check: Combination blood, tissue test reveals whale shark diets". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
25. McCartney, Gretchen; Wendel, JoAnna (17 January 2019). "Scientists Finally Know What Time It Is on Saturn". NASA. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
26. Mankovich, Christopher; et al. (17 January 2019). "Cassini Ring Seismology as a Probe of Saturn's Interior. I. Rigid Rotation". The Astrophysical Journal. 871 (1): 1. arXiv:1805.10286. Bibcode:2019ApJ...871....1M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf798.
27. "Greenland ice melting four times faster than in 2003". Science Daily. 21 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
28. "Growing our team and business in Michigan". Medium – Waymo blog. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
29. "Waymo plans to open the world's first self-driving-car factory this year". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
30. "Waymo Adding A Michigan Factory And 'Hundreds' Of Jobs To Build Self-Driving Vehicles". Forbes. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
31. "Google self-driving spinoff Waymo to put factory in Michigan". CBC. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
32. Science China Press (23 January 2019). "Gene-edited disease monkeys cloned in China". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
33. Mandelbaum, Ryan F. (23 January 2019). "China's Latest Cloned-Monkey Experiment Is an Ethical Mess". Gizmodo. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
34. McRae, Mike (24 January 2019). "Chinese Scientists Have Cloned a Genetically Altered Primate For The First Time". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
35. Queen Mary University of London (23 January 2019). "Astronomers find star material could be building block of life". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
36. Agle, DC (24 January 2019). "NASA's Opportunity Rover Logs 15 Years on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
37. Chang, Kenneth (25 January 2019). "'This Could Be the End' for NASA's Mars Opportunity Rover". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
38. Universities Space Research Association (USRA) (24 January 2019). "Earth's Oldest Rock Found on the Moon". NASA. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
39. "Sci-fi to reality: Superpowered salamander may hold the key to human regeneration". EurekAlert!. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
40. "Complete Axolotl Genome Could Pave the Way Toward Human Tissue Regeneration". Gizmodo. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
41. "AlphaStar: Mastering the Real-Time Strategy Game StarCraft II". Alphabet DeepMind. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
42. "DeepMind's new AI just beat top human pro-gamers at Starcraft II for the first time". MIT Technology Review. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
43. "DEEPMIND BEATS PROS AT STARCRAFT IN ANOTHER TRIUMPH FOR BOTS". Wired. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
44. "Chemical Engineering research to turn plastic waste into clean fuels". Purdue University. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
45. Wan-Ting Chen; Kai Jin; Nien-Hwa Linda Wang (10 January 2019). "Use of Supercritical Water for the Liquefaction of Polypropylene into Oil". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 7 (4): 3749–3758. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03841.
46. "Groundbreaking new technique can turn plastic waste into energy-dense fuel". Digital Trends. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
47. Zimmer, Carl (30 January 2019). "High Ceilings and a Lovely View: Denisova Cave Was Home to a Lost Branch of Humanity". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
48. "New 3D printer shapes objects with rays of light". EurekAlert!. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
49. "Atari master: New AI smashes Google DeepMind in video game challenge". RMIT University. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
50. University of Warwick (3 February 2019). "Simply shining light on dinosaur metal compound kills cancer cells". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
51. Zhang, Pingyu; et al. (2019). "Nucleus‐Targeted Organoiridium–Albumin Conjugate for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy". Angewandte Chemie. 58 (8): 2350–2354. doi:10.1002/anie.201813002. PMC 6468315. PMID 30552796.
52. Chang, Kenneth (31 January 2019). "How NASA's Curiosity Rover Weighed a Mountain on Mars". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
53. Lewis, Kevin W. (1 February 2019). "A surface gravity traverse on Mars indicates low bedrock density at Gale crater". Science. 363 (6426): 535–537. Bibcode:2019Sci...363..535L. doi:10.1126/science.aat0738. PMID 30705193.
54. "A third of Himalayan ice cap doomed, finds 'shocking' report". The Guardian. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
55. Wester, Philippus; Mishra, Arabinda; Mukherji, Aditi; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta (4 February 2019). The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1. ISBN 978-3-319-92287-4.
56. Good, Andrew; Wendel, JoAnna (5 February 2019). "Beyond Mars, the Mini MarCO Spacecraft Fall Silent". NASA. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
57. "2018 fourth warmest year in continued warming trend, according to NASA, NOAA". NASA. 6 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
58. "Massive collision in the planetary system Kepler 107". EurekAlert!. 6 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
59. Marchione, Marilyn (7 February 2019). "Tests suggest scientists achieved 1st 'in body' gene editing". AP News. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
60. Staff (2 February 2019). "Ascending Dose Study of Genome Editing by the Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) Therapeutic SB-913 in Subjects With MPS II". ClinicalTrials.gov. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
61. Amos, Jonathan (7 February 2019). "Rosalind Franklin: Mars rover named after DNA pioneer". BBC News. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
62. New York University (7 February 2019). "Scientists discover new type of magnet". Phys.org. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
63. Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna (13 February 2019). "NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End". NASA. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
64. Margolis, Jacob (16 February 2019). "How A Tweet About The Mars Rover Dying Blew Up On The Internet And Made People Cry". LAist. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
65. Berger, Eric (8 February 2019). "New images of the distant Ultima Thule object have surprised scientists – "The new images are creating scientific puzzles."". Ars Technica. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
66. Mondal, Mayukh; Bertranpedt, Jaume; Leo, Oscar (16 January 2019). "Approximate Bayesian computation with deep learning supports a third archaic introgression in Asia and Oceania". Nature Communications. 10 (246): 246. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..246M. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08089-7. PMC 6335398. PMID 30651539.
67. Dockrill, Peter (11 February 2019). "Artificial Intelligence Has Found an Unknown 'Ghost' Ancestor in The Human Genome". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
68. "Gene therapy first to 'halt' most common cause of blindness". BBC News. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
69. "GENE THERAPY DURABLY REVERSES CONGENITAL DEAFNESS IN MICE". Pasteur Institute. 18 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
70. "Cultured lab meat may make climate change worse". BBC News. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
71. "Climate-friendly labriculture depends on an energy revolution". Science Daily. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
72. Jaouen, Klervia; et al. (19 February 2019). "Exceptionally high δ15N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (11): 4928–4933. doi:10.1073/pnas.1814087116. PMC 6421459. PMID 30782806.
73. Yika, Bob (19 February 2019). "Isotopes found in bones suggest Neanderthals were fresh meat eaters". Phys.org. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
74. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (19 February 2019). "Neanderthals' main food source was definitely meat". Science Daily. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
75. Hoshika, Shuichi; et al. (22 February 2019). "Hachimoji DNA and RNA: A genetic system with eight building blocks (paywall)". Science. 363 (6429): 884–887. Bibcode:2019Sci...363..884H. doi:10.1126/science.aat0971. PMC 6413494. PMID 30792304.
76. Zimmer, Carl (21 February 2019). "DNA Gets a New – and Bigger – Genetic Alphabet". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
77. Belluz, Julia (4 March 2019). "CRISPR babies: the Chinese government may have known more than it let on". Vox. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
78. Regalado, Antonio (21 February 2019). "China's CRISPR twins might have had their brains inadvertently enhanced". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
79. "Israel's Beresheet Moon mission gets under way". BBC News. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
80. "Israeli company sends world's first privately funded mission to moon". The Guardian. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
81. "Newfound 'FarFarOut' Is Most Distant Solar System Body Ever Seen". Space.com. 27 February 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
82. Haeusler, Martin; et al. (25 February 2019). "Morphology, pathology, and the vertebral posture of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neandertal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (11): 4923–4927. doi:10.1073/pnas.1820745116. PMC 6421410. PMID 30804177.
83. Cassella, Carly (1 March 2019). "We Have Been Wrong About a Key Feature of Neanderthals' Appearance". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
84. "Micron Unveils World's First 1TB microSD Card to Meet Consumer Demand for Mobile Storage". GlobalNewswire. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
85. "Climate rewind: Scientists turn carbon dioxide back into coal". Science Daily. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
86. ESA Staff (28 February 2019). "First Evidence of "Planet-Wide Groundwater System" on Mars Found". European Space Agency. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
87. Houser, Kristin (28 February 2019). "First Evidence of "Planet-Wide Groundwater System" on Mars Found". Futurism.com. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
88. "Nanotechnology makes it possible for mice to see in infrared". Science Daily. 28 February 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
89. "SpaceX Dragon capsule docks with space station". BBC News. 3 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
90. "SpaceX's Crew Dragon Capsule Splashes Down After Return Trip to Earth". New York Times. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
91. "Japan team edges closer to bringing mammoths back to life". Nikkei Asian Review. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
92. Johns Hopkins University (4 March 2019). "Asteroids are stronger, harder to destroy than previously thought". Phys.org. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
93. El Mir, Charles; Ramesh, KT; Richardson, Derek C. (15 March 2019). "A new hybrid framework for simulating hypervelocity asteroid impacts and gravitational reaccumulation". Icarus. 321: 1013–1025. Bibcode:2019Icar..321.1013E. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.032.
94. Andrews, Robin George (8 March 2019). "If We Blow Up an Asteroid, It Might Put Itself Back Together". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
95. "HIV remission achieved in second patient". Science Daily. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
96. "UK patient 'free' of HIV after stem cell treatment". BBC News. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
97. Rappaport, S.; et al. (22 February 2019). "Deep Long Asymmetric Occultation in EPIC 204376071". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 485 (2): 2681–2693. arXiv:1902.08152. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.485.2681R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz537.
98. Starr, Michelle (6 March 2019). "Astronomers Have Discovered Another Mysterious Dimming Star, And It's Even More Epic". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
99. Nowakowski, Tomasz (5 March 2019). "Astronomers detect deep, long asymmetric occultation in a newly found low-mass star". Phys.org. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
100. "New optical imaging system could be deployed to find tiny tumors". Science Daily. 7 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
101. Starr, Michelle (8 March 2019). "The Latest Calculation of Milky Way's Mass Just Changed What We Know About Our Galaxy". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
102. Watkins, Laura L.; et al. (2 February 2019). "Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Milky Way from Gaia DR2 Halo Globular Cluster Motions". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (2): 118. arXiv:1804.11348. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873..118W. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab089f.
103. "Magurele Laser officially becomes the most powerful laser in the world". Business Review (in Romanian). 13 March 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
104. Staff (15 March 2019). "Dormant viruses activate during spaceflight – NASA investigates". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
105. Bailleul, Alida M.; et al. (20 March 2019). "An Early Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves) preserving an unlaid egg and probable medullary bone". Nature Communications. 10 (1275): 1275. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1275B. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09259-x. PMC 6426974. PMID 30894527.
106. Greshko, Michael (20 March 2019). "In a first, fossil bird found with unlaid egg". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
107. Grossman, David. "A Meteor Hit Earth With the Force of a Nuclear Bomb and We Hardly Even Noticed". Popular mechanics. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
108. University of Huddersfield (20 March 2019). "Researchers shed new light on the origins of modern humans". EurekAlert!. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
109. Rito, Teresa; et al. (18 March 2019). "A dispersal of Homo sapiens from southern to eastern Africa immediately preceded the out-of-Africa migration". Scientific Reports. 9 (4728): 4728. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.4728R. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41176-3. PMC 6426877. PMID 30894612.
110. Bejan, Adrian (18 March 2019). "Why the Days Seem Shorter as We Get Older". Academia Europaea. 27 (2): 187–194. doi:10.1017/S1062798718000741.
111. Duke University (21 March 2019). "It's spring already? Physics explains why time flies as we age". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
112. Livni, Ephrat (21 March 2019). "Physics explains why time passes faster as you age". Quartz. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
113. "Karen Uhlenbeck first woman to win the Abel Prize". The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
114. Chang, Kenneth (19 March 2019). "Karen Uhlenbeck Is First Woman to Receive Abel Prize in Mathematics – Dr. Uhlenbeck helped pioneer geometric analysis, developing techniques now commonly used by many mathematicians". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
115. University of California at Riverside (19 March 2019). "Carbon monoxide detectors could warn of extraterrestrial life". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
116. Starr, Michelle (27 March 2019). "Strange Earth Organisms Have Somehow Survived Living Outside The ISS". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
117. de Vera, Jean-Pierre; et al. (11 February 2019). "Limits of Life and the Habitability of Mars: The ESA Space Experiment BIOMEX on the ISS". Astrobiology. 19 (2): 145–157. Bibcode:2019AsBio..19..145D. doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1897. PMC 6383581. PMID 30742496.
118. European Southern Observatory (27 March 2019). "GRAVITY instrument breaks new ground in exoplanet imaging". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
119. Burrell, Teal (29 December 2019). "Scientists Put a Human Intelligence Gene Into a Monkey. Other Scientists are Concerned". Discover. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
120. Shi, Lei; et al. (27 March 2019). "Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the human MCPH1 gene copies show human-like neoteny of brain development". Chinese National Science Review. 6 (3): 480–493. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz043.
121. De Gruyter (4 April 2019). "Life on Mars?". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
122. Gyollai, Ildikó; et al. (29 March 2019). "Mineralized biosignatures in ALH-77005 Shergottite – Clues to Martian Life?". Open Astronomy. 28 (1): 32–39. Bibcode:2019OAst...28...32G. doi:10.1515/astro-2019-0002.
123. Abotalib, Abotalib Z.; Heggy, Essam (28 March 2019). "A deep groundwater origin for recurring slope lineae on Mars". Nature Geoscience. 12 (4): 235–241. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..235A. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0327-5. PMC 6443380. PMID 30949231.
124. University of Southern California (28 March 2019). "New evidence of deep groundwater on Mars". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
125. Pew Research Center. "What Americans know about science". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
126. "66-million-year-old deathbed linked to dinosaur-killing meteor". EurekAlert!. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
127. Depalma, Robert A.; Smit, Jan; Burnham, David A.; Kuiper, Klaudia; Manning, Phillip L.; Oleinik, Anton; Larson, Peter; Maurrasse, Florentin J.; Vellekoop, Johan; Richards, Mark A.; Gurche, Loren; Alvarez, Walter (1 April 2019). "A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPg boundary, North Dakota". PNAS. 116 (17): 8190–8199. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.8190D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1817407116. PMC 6486721. PMID 30936306.
128. "Astronomers capture first image of a black hole". EurekAlert!. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
129. Overbye, Dennis (10 April 2019). "Black Hole Picture Revealed for the First Time". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
130. The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (10 April 2019). "First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 875 (1): L1. arXiv:1906.11238. Bibcode:2019ApJ...875L...1E. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7.
131. Landau, Elizabeth (10 April 2019). "Black Hole Image Makes History". NASA. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
132. Giuranna, Marco; et al. (1 April 2019). "Independent confirmation of a methane spike on Mars and a source region east of Gale Crater". Nature Geoscience. 12 (5): 326–332. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..326G. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0331-9.
133. Galey, Patrick (1 April 2019). "Scientists find likely source of methane on Mars". Phys.org. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
134. Chang, Kenneth (1 April 2019). "Something on Mars Is Producing Gas Usually Made by Living Things on Earth". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
135. ETH Zurich (1 April 2019). "First bacterial genome created entirely with a computer". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
136. Venetz, Jonathan E.; et al. (1 April 2019). "Chemical synthesis rewriting of a bacterial genome to achieve design flexibility and biological functionality". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (16): 8070–8079. doi:10.1073/pnas.1818259116. PMC 6475421. PMID 30936302.
137. Good, Andrew; Greiciua, Tony (4 April 2019). "Curiosity Captured Two Solar Eclipses on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
138. Dvorsky, George (5 April 2019). "Curiosity Rover Spots a Pair of Solar Eclipses on Mars". Gizmodo. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
139. BioMed Central (7 April 2019). "NASA researchers catalogue all microbes and fungi on the International Space Station". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
140. Sielaff, Aleksandra Checinska; et al. (8 April 2019). "Characterization of the total and viable bacterial and fungal communities associated with the International Space Station surfaces". Microbiome. 7 (50): 50. doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0666-x. PMC 6452512. PMID 30955503.
141. Catching fast changes in excited molecules, phys.org, 10 April 2019.
142. Good, Andrew (11 April 2019). "Curiosity Tastes First Sample in 'Clay-Bearing Unit'". NASA. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
143. "Beresheet spacecraft: 'Technical glitch' led to Moon crash". BBC News. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
144. Starr, Michelle (29 April 2019). "The Hubble Space Telescope Has Just Found Solid Evidence of Interstellar Buckyballs". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
145. Cordiner, M.A.; et al. (22 April 2019). "Confirming Interstellar C60 + Using the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 875 (2): L28. arXiv:1904.08821. Bibcode:2019ApJ...875L..28C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab14e5.
146. Zimmer, Carl (12 April 2019). "Scott Kelly Spent a Year in Orbit. His Body Is Not Quite the Same". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
147. Garrett-Bakeman, Francine E.; et al. (12 April 2019). "The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight". Science. 364 (6436). doi:10.1126/science.aau8650 (inactive 14 March 2020). PMID 30975860.
148. Fingas, Jon (16 April 2019). "CRISPR gene editing has been used on humans in the US". Engadget. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
149. Staff (17 April 2019). "CRISPR has been used to treat US cancer patients for the first time". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
150. Fisher, Christine (17 April 2019). "NASA finally found evidence of the universe's earliest molecule". Engadget. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
151. Güsten, Rolf; et al. (17 April 2019). "Astrophysical detection of the helium hydride ion HeH+". Nature. 568 (7752): 357–359. arXiv:1904.09581. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..357G. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1090-x. PMID 30996316.
152. Brown, Dwayne; Johnson, Alana; Good, Andrew (23 April 2019). "NASA's InSight Detects First Likely 'Quake' on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
153. Bartels, Meghan (23 April 2019). "Marsquake! NASA's InSight Lander Feels Its 1st Red Planet Tremor". Space.com. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
154. "Dark Matter Hunters Observe 'Rarest Event Ever Recorded'". Newsweek. 24 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
155. "Dark matter detector observes rarest event ever recorded". EurekAlert!. 24 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
156. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (25 April 2019). "Mystery of the universe's expansion rate widens with new Hubble data". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
157. Wall, Mike (25 April 2019). "The Universe Is Expanding So Fast We Might Need New Physics to Explain It". Space.com. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
158. Mandelbaum, Ryan F. (25 April 2019). "Hubble Measurements Confirm There's Something Weird About How the Universe Is Expanding". Gizmodo. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
159. Riess, Adam G.; et al. (28 March 2019). "Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond ΛCDM". The Astrophysical Journal. 876 (1): 85. arXiv:1903.07603. Bibcode:2019ApJ...876...85R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422.
160. Pietrzyński, G; et al. (13 March 2019). "A distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud that is precise to one per cent". Nature. 567 (7747): 200–203. arXiv:1903.08096. Bibcode:2019Natur.567..200P. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0999-4. PMID 30867610.
161. Tokyo University of Science (30 April 2019). "New giant virus may help scientists better understand the emergence of complex life". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
162. Plumer, Brad (6 May 2019). "Humans Are Speeding Extinction and Altering the Natural World at an 'Unprecedented' Pace". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
163. Staff (6 May 2019). "Media Release: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'". Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
164. The Editorial Board (11 May 2019). "Life as We Know It". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
165. "Removal of gene prevents development of pancreatic cancer in mice". EurekAlert!. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
166. NASA (2 May 2019). "Hubble astronomers assemble wide view of the evolving universe". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
167. "End to Aids in sight as huge study finds drugs stop HIV transmission". The Guardian. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
168. "Gay HIV transmission with treatment is 'zero risk', study confirms". BBC News. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
169. "UK generates usable electricity from americium". World Nuclear News. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
170. "UK scientists generate electricity from rare element to power future space missions". National Nuclear Laboratory. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
171. "Radical Desalination Approach May Disrupt the Water Industry". Columbia University. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
172. "Teenager recovers from near death in world-first GM virus treatment". The Guardian. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
173. "Phage therapy: 'Viral cocktail saved my daughter's life'". BBC News. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
174. "415 ppm CO2 threshold crossed May 2019". Foster Lab. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
175. "It's Official: Atmospheric CO2 Just Exceeded 415 ppm For The First Time in Human History". Science Alert. 13 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
176. Greenberg, Andy (14 May 2019). "Meltdown Redux: Intel Flaw Lets Hackers Siphon Secrets from Millions of PCs". WIRED. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
177. Staff (14 May 2019). "Customer guidance for CVE-2019-0708 - Remote Desktop Services Remote Code Execution Vulnerability: May 14, 2019". Microsoft. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
178. Staff (14 May 2019). "CVE-2019-0708 Remote Desktop Services Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - Security Vulnerability". Microsoft. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
179. Kubovič, Ondrej (22 May 2019). "Patch now! Why the BlueKeep vulnerability is a big deal". ESET. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
180. Cimpanu, Catalin (28 May 2019). "Almost one million Windows systems vulnerable to BlueKeep (CVE-2019-0708) - New research puts an initial estimation of 7.6 million vulnerable systems into more context". ZDNet. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
181. "It's not just fish, plastic pollution harms the bacteria that help us breathe". EurekAlert!. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
182. Zimmer, Carl (15 May 2019). "Scientists Created Bacteria With a Synthetic Genome. Is This Artificial Life?". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
183. Fredens, Julius; et al. (15 May 2019). "Total synthesis of Escherichia coli with a recoded genome". Nature. 569 (7757): 514–518. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..514F. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1192-5. PMC 7039709. PMID 31092918.
184. "Potential disease-modifying drug for osteoarthritis identified". University of Nebraska Medical Center. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
185. Timmer, John (16 May 2019). "First results from New Horizons' time in the Kuiper Belt". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
186. Stern, S. A.; et al. (17 May 2019). "Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU69, a small Kuiper Belt object". Science. 364 (64421): eaaw9771. Bibcode:2019Sci...364.9771S. doi:10.1126/science.aaw9771. PMID 31097641.
187. "Nearly a quarter of West Antarctic ice is now unstable". University of Leeds. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
188. "Antarctica's Ice Is Melting 5 Times Faster Than in the 90s". Desmog. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
189. "Growth in life expectancy in Australia slows, research finds". University of Melbourne. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
190. "Slower increase in life expectancy in Australia than in other high income countries: the contributions of age and cause of death". Medical Journal of Australia. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
191. Starr, Michelle (4 January 2020). "Scientists Find Evidence a Strange Group of Quantum Particles Are Basically Immortal". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
192. Verressen, Ruben; et al. (27 May 2019). "Avoided quasiparticle decay from strong quantum interactions". Nature Physics. 15 (8): 750–753. arXiv:1810.01422. Bibcode:2019NatPh..15..750V. doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0535-3.
193. Cyranoski, David (20 May 2019). "China set to introduce gene-editing regulation following CRISPR-baby furore". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01580-1. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
194. "The International System of Units (SI)". BIPM. 20 May 2019. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
195. Zimmer, Carl (22 May 2019). "How Did Life Arrive on Land? A Billion-Year-Old Fungus May Hold Clues". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
196. Timmer, John (22 May 2019). "Billion-year-old fossils may be early fungus". Ars Technica. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
197. Loron, Corentin C.; François, Camille; Rainbird, Robert H.; Turner, Elizabeth C.; Borensztajn, Stephan; Javaux, Emmanuelle J. (22 May 2019). "Early fungi from the Proterozoic era in Arctic Canada". Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 570 (7760): 232–235. Bibcode:2019Natur.570..232L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1217-0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 31118507.
198. "McMaster researchers invent a way to get life-saving vaccines to previously inaccessible parts of the world". McMaster University. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
199. "McMaster University researchers invent way to store vaccines at higher temperatures". The Toronto Star. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
200. "Canadian scientists figure out how to preserve vaccines without refrigeration — a potential public-health game changer". National Post. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
201. "Scientists break record for highest-temperature superconductor". University of Chicago. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
202. "Scientists break record for highest-temperature superconductor". Science Daily. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
203. "Study predicts shift to smaller animals over next century". EurekAlert!. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
204. "Projected losses of global mammal and bird ecological strategies". Nature Communications. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
205. "Humans causing shrinking of nature as larger animals die off". The Guardian. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
206. Dvorsky, George (23 May 2019). "An Astounding Amount of Water Has Been Discovered Beneath the Martian North Pole". Gizmodo. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
207. Nerozzi, S.; Holt, J.W. (2019). "Buried ice and sand caps at the north pole of Mars: revealing a record of climate change in the cavi unit with SHARAD". Geophysical Research Letters. 46 (13): 7278. Bibcode:2019GeoRL..46.7278N. doi:10.1029/2019GL082114.
208. "Last male Sumatran rhino in Malaysia dies". BBC News. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
209. "Research Brief: Energy researchers break the catalytic speed limit". University of Minnesota. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
210. Choi, Charles Q. (10 June 2019). "A Weird Mud Plume May Have Built the Highest Peak on Dwarf Planet Ceres". Space.com. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
211. "Forestry and Wild Life Authority rediscovers 'Eritrean gazelle'". Shabait. Ministry of Information, Eritrea. 29 June 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
212. Gallagher, James (3 June 2019). "He Jiankui: Baby gene experiment 'foolish and dangerous'". BBC News. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
213. Stein, Rob (3 June 2019). "2 Chinese Babies With Edited Genes May Face Higher Risk Of Premature Death". NPR News. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
214. Wei, Xinzhu; Nielsen, Rasmus (3 June 2019). "CCR5-∆32 is deleterious in the homozygous state in humans". Nature Medicine. 25 (6): 909–910. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0459-6. PMC 6613792. PMID 31160814.
215. Jayasinghe, T.; et al. (4 June 2019). "ASAS-SN Discovery of an Unusual, Deep Dimming Episode of a Previously Non-Variable Star". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
216. McCollum, B.; Laine, S. (8 June 2019). "Spectral Type of the Unusual Variable ASASSN-V J213939.3-702817.4". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
217. Seidel, Jamie (6 June 2019). "A suddenly dimming star has caught the attention of alien hunters". The Advertiser. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
218. Staff (6 June 2019). "Name an Exoplanet". International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
219. Overbye, Dennis (14 June 2019). "So Long, Exoplanet HD 17156b. Hello ... Sauron?". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
220. Overbye, Dennis (2 December 2016). "Twinkle, Twinkle Little [Insert Name Here]". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
221. Ruesch, Ottaviano; et al. (10 June 2019). "Slurry extrusion on Ceres from a convective mud-bearing mantle". Nature Geoscience. 12 (7): 505–509. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..505R. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0378-7.
222. "'Frightening' number of plant extinctions found in global survey". The Guardian. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
223. "Almost 600 plants have already gone extinct – Why should we care?". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
224. Royal Astronomical Society (11 June 2019). "Citizen scientists re-tune Hubble's galaxy classification". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
225. "These nano-bugs eat CO2 and make eco-friendly fuel". University of Colorado Boulder. 11 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
226. "AAS 234 Press Conference: Cold Quasars & Hot Cosmology". AAS Press Office via YouTube. 12 June 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
227. Caballero, J. A.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Dreizler, S.; Zechmeister, M.; et al. (12 June 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 627: A49. arXiv:1906.07196. Bibcode:2019A&A...627A..49Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935460. hdl:10481/56129. ISSN 0004-6361.
228. University of Göttingen (18 June 2019). "View of the Earth in front of the Sun". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
229. "First-ever successful mind-controlled robotic arm without brain implants". Science Daily. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
230. "Discovery of a "Holy Grail" with the invention of universal computer memory". Lancaster University. 20 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
231. Jarvis, Brooke (21 June 2019). "Giant Squid, Phantom of the Deep, Makes Second Video Appearance". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
232. Padnani, Amisha (29 December 2015). "Giant Squid, Elusive Creature of the Deep, Gets a Vivid Close-Up". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
233. Schrope, Mark (14 January 2013). "Giant squid filmed in its natural environment". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12202. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
234. Chang, Kenneth (22 June 2019). "NASA Rover on Mars Detects Puff of Gas That Hints at Possibility of Life". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
235. Good, Andrew; Johnson, Alana (23 June 2019). "Curiosity Detects Unusually High Methane Levels". NASA. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
236. Overbye, Dennis (26 June 2019). "With a Poof, Mars Methane Is Gone". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
237. Papadopoulos, A.; Skoulas, E.; Mimidis, A.; Perrakis, G.; Kenanakis, G.; Tsibidis, G. D.; Stratakis, E. "Biomimetic Omnidirectional Antireflective Glass via Direct Ultrafast Laser Nanostructuring". Advanced Materials: 1901123. doi:10.1002/adma.201901123.
238. Brown, David W. (27 June 2019). "NASA Announces New Dragonfly Drone Mission to Explore Titan". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
239. "NASA's Dragonfly Will Fly Around Titan Looking for Origins, Signs of Life". NASA. 27 June 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
240. Fedorova, V.A.; et al. (29 June 2019). "Detection of nine new Fast Radio Bursts in the direction of the galaxy M31 and M33 at the frequency 111 MHz at the radio telescope BSA LPI". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
241. Staff (28 June 2019). "Search Fast Radio Burst at the frequency 111 MHz". Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
242. Mack, Eric. "More mysterious signals from deep space detected". Retrieved 3 July 2019.
243. Rappaport, S.; et al. (28 June 2019). "The Random Transiter – EPIC 249706694/HD 139139". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (2): 2455. arXiv:1906.11268. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.2455R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1772.
244. Yirka, Bob (3 July 2019). "Binary stars with unexplainable dimming pattern". Phys.org. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
245. Crane, Leah (2 July 2019). "The weirdest stars we've ever seen have astronomers utterly baffled". New Scientist. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
246. Shankland, Stephen (29 June 2019). "Startup packs all 16GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech". CNET. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
247. The 'Oumuamua ISSI Team (1 July 2019). "The natural history of 'Oumuamua". Nature. 3 (7): 594–602. arXiv:1907.01910. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..594O. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0816-x.
248. Starr, Michelle (1 July 2019). "Astronomers Have Analysed Claims 'Oumuamua's an Alien Ship, And It's Not Looking Good". Science Alert.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
249. "Global restoration opportunities in tropical rainforest landscapes". Science Advances. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
250. "11% of destroyed moist tropical forests could be restored to boost climate, environment". Eurekalert!. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
251. Willke, Philip; Yang, Kai; Bae, Yujeong; Heinrich, Andreas J.; Lutz, Christopher P. (1 July 2019). "Magnetic resonance imaging of single atoms on a surface". Nature Physics. 15 (10): 1005–1010. arXiv:1807.08944. doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0573-x.
252. Sheikh, Knvul (1 July 2019). "Scientists Took an M.R.I. Scan of an Atom". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
253. "Record-breaking temperatures for June". Copernicus Climate Change Service. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
254. "June was hottest ever recorded on Earth, European satellite agency announces". The Independent. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
255. Ravi, V.; et al. (2 July 2019). "A fast radio burst localized to a massive galaxy" (PDF). Nature. 572 (7769): 352–354. arXiv:1907.01542. Bibcode:2019Natur.572..352R. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1389-7. PMID 31266051.
256. Mack, Eric (2 July 2019). "Another mysterious deep space signal traced to the other side of the universe". CNET. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
257. "World first: Homing instinct applied to stem cells show cells 'home' to cardiac tissue". Eurekalert!. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
258. "Study: Vast swaths of lost tropical forest can still be brought back to life". Mongabay. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
259. Davis, Jason (7 July 2019). "Here are the First Pictures of Earth from LightSail 2". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
260. Isella, Andrea; et al. (11 July 2019). "Detection of Continuum Submillimeter Emission Associated with Candidate Protoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 879 (2): L25. arXiv:1906.06308. Bibcode:2019ApJ...879L..25I. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab2a12.
261. Blue, Charles E. (11 July 2019). "'Moon-forming' Circumplanetary Disk Discovered in Distant Star System". National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
262. National Radio Astronomy Observatory (8 July 2019). "New method may resolve difficulty in measuring universe's expansion". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
263. Finley, Dave (8 July 2019). "New Method May Resolve Difficulty in Measuring Universe's Expansion". National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
264. Hotokezaka, K.; et al. (8 July 2019). "A Hubble constant measurement from superluminal motion of the jet in GW170817". Nature Astronomy. 3 (10): 940–944. arXiv:1806.10596. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..940H. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0820-1.
265. Zimmer, Carl (10 July 2019). "A Skull Bone Discovered in Greece May Alter the Story of Human Prehistory". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
266. Staff (10 July 2019). "'Oldest remains' outside Africa reset human migration clock". Phys.org. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
267. Harvati, Katerina; et al. (10 July 2019). "Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia". Nature. 571 (7766): 500–504. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z. PMID 31292546.
268. Boyd, Jade (11 July 2019). "Moon-forming disk discovered around distant planet". Phys.org. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
269. "Carnegie Mellon and Facebook AI beats professionals in six-player poker". Eurekalert!. 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
270. University of Glasgow (13 July 2019). "Scientists unveil the first-ever image of quantum entanglement". Phys.org. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
271. Moreau, Paul-Antoine; et al. (12 July 2019). "Imaging Bell-type nonlocal behavior". Science Advances. 5 (7): eaaw2563. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.2563M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw2563. PMC 6625815. PMID 31309146.
272. "Spektr-RG: Powerful X-ray telescope launches to map cosmos". BBC News. 13 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
273. Crane, Leah (15 July 2019). "There aren't enough space explosions to explain strange radio bursts". New Scientist. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
274. Ravi, Vikram (15 July 2019). "The prevalence of repeating fast radio bursts". Nature Astronomy. 3 (10): 928–931. arXiv:1907.06619. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..928R. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0831-y.
275. Wordsworth, R.; Kerber, L.; Cockell, C. (15 July 2019). "Enabling Martian habitability with silica aerogel via the solid-state greenhouse effect". Nature Astronomy. 3 (10): 898–903. arXiv:1907.09089. Bibcode:2019NatAs.tmp..404W. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0813-0.
276. "Want to Colonize Mars? Aerogel Could Help". NASA. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
277. "A material way to make Mars habitable". Harvard University. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
278. "A Thin Layer of Aerogel Could Make Martian Farming Possible". Futurism. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
279. "Chandrayaan-2: India launches second Moon mission". BBC. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
280. Carnegie Institution of Science (16 July 2019). "New measurement of universe's expansion rate is 'stuck in the middle'". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
281. Sokol, Joshua (19 July 2019). "Debate intensifies over speed of expanding universe". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aay8123. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
282. "ESA confirms asteroid will miss Earth in 2019". phys.org. 17 July 2019.
283. Tokyo Institute of Technology (23 July 2019). "ELSI scientists discover new chemistry that may help explain the origins of cellular life". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
284. Jia, Tony Z.; Chandru, Kuhan; Hongo, Yayoi; Afrin, Rehana; Usui, Tomohiro; Myojo, Kunihiro; Cleaves, H. James (22 July 2019). "Membraneless polyester microdroplets as primordial compartments at the origins of life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (32): 15830–15835. doi:10.1073/pnas.1902336116. PMC 6690027. PMID 31332006.
285. "A large asteroid just zipped between Earth and the Moon". Astronomy. 25 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
286. Andrews, Robin George (30 July 2019). "When a Mega-Tsunami Drowned Mars, This Spot May Have Been Ground Zero". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
287. Costard, F.; et al. (26 June 2019). "The Lomonosov Crater Impact Event: A Possible Mega‐Tsunami Source on Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 124 (7): 1840–1851. Bibcode:2019JGRE..124.1840C. doi:10.1029/2019JE006008. hdl:20.500.11937/76439.
288. "Confirmation of Toasty TESS Planet Leads to Surprising Find of Promising World". NASA. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
289. "TESS satellite uncovers its 'first nearby super-Earth'". Cornell Chronicle. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
290. Overbye, Dennis (14 November 2019). "A Black Hole Threw a Star Out of the Milky Way Galaxy - So long, S5-HVS1, we hardly knew you". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
291. Koposov, Sergey E.; et al. (11 November 2019). "Discovery of a nearby 1700 km/s star ejected from the Milky Way by Sgr A*". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. arXiv:1907.11725. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3081.
292. Starr, Michelle (31 July 2019). "Bizarre Star Found Hurtling Out of Our Galaxy Centre Is Fastest of Its Kind Ever Seen". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
293. Irving, Michael (13 November 2019). "Fastest star ever found is being flicked out of the Milky Way". NewAtlas.com. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
294. Plait, Phil (13 November 2019). "Our Local Supermassive Black Hole Shot A Star Right Out Of THe Galaxy". Bad Astronomy. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
295. "This mind-blowing 3D map reveals the Milky Way's perplexing curves". Popular Science. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
296. "A three-dimensional map of the Milky Way using classical Cepheid variable stars". Science. 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
297. "Mapping the Milky Way in three dimensions". EurekAlert!. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
298. "3D printing the human heart". Carnegie Mellon University. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
299. Elinor Aspregen (2 August 2019). "The Arctic's ice sheet is melting at a rapid rate: 11 billion tons in one day". USA Today. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
300. Oberhaus, Daniel (5 August 2019). "A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon". Wired. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
301. Resnick, Brian (6 August 2019). "Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon". Vox. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
302. "In the future, this electricity-free tech could help cool buildings in metropolitan areas". EurekAlert!. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
303. "Scientists create the world's thinnest gold". EurekAlert!. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
304. "Scientists create the world's thinnest gold". University of Leeds. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
305. "Scientists just created the world's thinnest gold and it's two atoms thick". CNN. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
306. "Meet the 'Hercules parrot' from prehistoric New Zealand". The Conversation. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
307. Dier, Arden (8 August 2019). "Giant Parrot 'Squawkzilla' Is a First-of-Its-Kind Find". Newser. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
308. NASA (8 August 2019). "NASA's MMS finds first interplanetary shock". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
309. "Cyborg organoids offer rare view into early stages of development". Harvard. 8 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
310. Starr, Michelle (14 August 2018). "Astronomers Have Detected a Whopping 8 New Repeating Signals From Deep Space". Science Alert.com. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
311. Andersen, B.C.; et al. (9 August 2019). "CHIME/FRB Detection of Eight New Repeating Fast Radio Burst Sources". arXiv:1908.03507v1 [astro-ph.HE].
312. Lambert, Jonathan (9 August 2019). "Scientists glimpse oddball microbe that could help explain rise of complex life". Nature. 572 (7769): 294. Bibcode:2019Natur.572..294L. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02430-w. PMID 31409927.
313. Winder, Davey (11 August 2019). "Critical Windows 10 Warning: Millions Of Users At Risk". Forbes. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
314. "Our Galaxy's Supermassive Black Hole Has Emitted a Mysteriously Bright Flare". Science Alert. 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
315. Greenberg, Andy (13 August 2019). "DejaBlue: New BlueKeep-Style Bugs Renew The Risk Of A Windows worm". wired. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
316. Seals, Tara (14 August 2019). "20-Year-Old Bug in Legacy Microsoft Code Plagues All Windows Users". ThreatPost.com. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
317. Starr, Michelle (16 August 2019). "Early Reports Indicate We May Have Detected a Black Hole And Neutron Star Collision". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
318. "How many Earth-like planets are around sun-like stars?". Penn State. 14 August 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
319. Castelvecchi, Davide (15 August 2019). "Chemists make first-ever ring of pure carbon". Nature. 572 (7770): 426. Bibcode:2019Natur.572..426C. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02473-z. PMID 31431741.
320. "July 2019 was hottest month on record for the planet". Science Daily. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
321. "Global Climate Report - July 2019". NOAA. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
322. "July 2019 was hottest month on record for the planet". NOAA. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
323. McCartney, Gretchen; Johnson, Alana (19 August 2019). "Mission to Jupiter's Icy Moon Confirmed". NASA. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
324. "Cerebras reveals world's 'largest computer chip' for AI tasks". BBC News. 19 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
325. Even a Little Exercise Means a Lot for Life Span webmd.com Retrieved 22 August 2019.
326. "Complex quantum teleportation achieved for the first time". Phys.org. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
327. Samuelson, Anelle (26 August 2019). "NASA Activates Deep Space Atomic Clock". NASA. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
328. Anderson, Paul (3 September 2019). "Could microbes be affecting Venus' climate?". Earth & Sky. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
329. Lee, Yeon Joo; et al. (26 August 2019). "Long-term Variations of Venus's 365 nm Albedo Observed by Venus Express, Akatsuki, MESSENGER, and the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (3): 126–152. arXiv:1907.09683. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..126L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3120.
330. Dvorsky, George (28 August 2019). "Incredible Fossil Discovery Finally Puts a Face on an Elusive Early Hominin". Gizmodo. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
331. Vanderbosch, Z.; et al. (2019). "A White Dwarf with Transiting Circumstellar Material Far Outside Its Tidal Disruption Radius". arXiv:1908.09839v1 [SR astro-ph. SR].
332. Mackay, Tom G.; et al. (28 August 2019). "Dyakonov–Voigt surface waves". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 475 (2228): 20190317. Bibcode:2019RSPSA.47590317M. doi:10.1098/rspa.2019.0317. PMC 6735484. PMID 31534431.
333. University of Edinburgh (3 September 2019). "Eminent scientist's 160-year-old theories aid light wave discovery". Phys.org. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
334. University of Bern (29 August 2019). "Hints of a volcanically active exomoon". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
335. Rodríguez-Mora, Sara; De Wit, Flore; Garcia-Perez, Javier; Bermejo, Mercedes; Rosa López-Huertas, María; Mateos, Elena; Martí, Pilar; Rocha, Susana; Vigón, Lorena; Christ, Frauke; Debyser, Zeger; Jesús Vílchez, Juan; Coiras, Mayte; Alcamí, José (29 August 2019). "The mutation of Transportin 3 gene that causes limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1F induces protection against HIV-1 infection". PLOS Pathogens. 15 (8): e1007958. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007958. PMC 6715175. PMID 31465518.
336. "Spanish scientists make breakthrough identifying HIV resistance gene". The Local (Spain). 30 August 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
337. "Researchers identify second gene mutation linked to HIV resistance". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
338. "Scientists discover way to 'grow' tooth enamel". The Guardian. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
339. Shao, Changyu; Jin, Biao; Mu, Zhao; Lu, Hao; Zhao, Yueqi; Wu, Zhifang; Yan, Lumiao; Zhang, Zhisen; Zhou, Yanchun; Pan, Haihua; Liu, Zhaoming; Tang, Ruikang (30 August 2019). "Repair of tooth enamel by a biomimetic mineralization frontier ensuring epitaxial growth". Science Advances. 5 (8): eaaw9569. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw9569. PMC 6716959. PMID 31497647.
340. Goodin, Dan (6 September 2019). "Exploit for wormable BlueKeep Windows bug released into the wild". Ars Technica. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
341. "Novel molecules designed by artificial intelligence in 21 days are validated in mice". EurekAlert!. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
342. "Has AI Discovered a Drug Now? Guess". Science. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
343. Zhavoronkov, Alex; Ivanenkov, Yan A.; Aliper, Alex; Veselov, Mark S.; Aladinskiy, Vladimir A.; Aladinskaya, Anastasiya V.; Terentiev, Victor A.; Polykovskiy, Daniil A.; Kuznetsov, Maksim D.; Asadulaev, Arip; Volkov, Yury; Zholus, Artem; Shayakhmetov, Rim R.; Zhebrak, Alexander; Minaeva, Lidiya I.; Zagribelnyy, Bogdan A.; Lee, Lennart H.; Soll, Richard; Madge, David; Xing, Li; Guo, Tao; Aspuru-Guzik, Alán (2 September 2019). "Deep learning enables rapid identification of potent DDR1 kinase inhibitors". Nature. 37 (9): 1038–1040. doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0224-x. PMID 31477924.
344. Columbia University (16 September 2019). "New observations help explain the dimming of Tabby's Star". Phys.org. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
345. Marinez, Miquel; Stone, Nicholas C.; Metzger, Brian D. (5 September 2019). "Orphaned Exomoons: Tidal Detachment and Evaporation Following an Exoplanet-Star Collision". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 489 (4): 5119. arXiv:1906.08788. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.489.5119M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2464.
346. Houston, Robin (6 September 2019). "42 is the answer to the question 'what is (-80538738812075974)³ + 80435758145817515³ + 12602123297335631³?'". The Aperiodical. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
347. Wolchover, Natalie. "Physicists Finally Nail the Proton's Size, and Hope Dies". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
348. "Chandrayaan-2: Modi proud despite Moon landing setback". BBC News. 7 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
349. Zimmer, Carl (10 September 2019). "Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor – on a Computer". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
350. +Mounier, Aurélien; Lahr, Marta (2019). "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3406. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.3406M. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11213-w. PMC 6736881. PMID 31506422.
351. "Water found on 'habitable' planet". BBC News. BBC News. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
352. Tsiaras, Angelos; Waldmann, Ingo P.; Tinetti, Giovanna; Tennyson, Jonathan; Yurchenko, Sergey N. (11 September 2019). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b". Nature Astronomy. Nature. 3 (12): 1086–1091. arXiv:1909.05218. Bibcode:2019NatAs.tmp..451T. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0878-9.
353. "A smart artificial hand for amputees merges user and robotic control". EPFL. EPFL. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
354. "A Second Interstellar Object Has Almost Certainly Been Found In Our Solar System". Forbes. Forbes. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
355. Guzik, Piotr; et al. (11 September 2019). "Interstellar Comet gb00234". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
356. "MPEC 2019-R106 : COMET C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)". Minor Planet Center. Minor Planet Center. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
357. "Using Deep Learning to Inform Differential Diagnoses of Skin Diseases". Google AI Blog. 12 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
358. "Google says its AI detects 26 skin conditions as accurately as dermatologists". VentureBeat. VentureBeat. 13 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
359. Cepelewicz, Jordana (16 September 2019). "Origin-of-Life Study Points to Chemical Chimeras, Not RNA - Origin-of-life researchers have usually studied the potential of pure starting materials, but messy chemical composites may kick-start life more effectively". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
360. Bhowmik, Subhendu; Krishnamurthy, Ramanarayanan (16 September 2019). "The role of sugar-backbone heterogeneity and chimeras in the simultaneous emergence of RNA and DNA". Nature Chemistry. 11 (11): 1009–1018. Bibcode:2019NatCh..11.1009B. doi:10.1038/s41557-019-0322-x. PMC 6815252. PMID 31527850.
361. "Genetically engineered plasmid can be used to fight antimicrobial resistance". American Society for Microbiology. Science Daily. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
362. Rodrigues, Marinelle; McBride, Sara W.; Hullahalli, Karthik; Palmer, Kelli L.; Duerkop, Breck A. (16 September 2019). "Conjugative delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 for the selective depletion of antibiotic-resistant enterococci". American Society for Microbiology. 63 (11). doi:10.1128/AAC.01454-19. PMC 6811441. PMID 31527030.
363. Green Bank Observatory (16 September 2019). "Most massive neutron star ever detected, almost too massive to exist". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
364. "Mayo researchers demonstrate senescent cell burden is reduced in humans by senolytic drugs". Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
365. "Senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans: Preliminary report from a clinical trial of Dasatinib plus Quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease". EBioMedicine. EBioMedicine. 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
366. Chiang, Yet-Ming; Park, Richard J.-Y.; Chiang, Miki L.; Badel, Andres F.; Ellis, Leah D. (16 September 2019). "Toward electrochemical synthesis of cement—An electrolyzer-based process for decarbonating CaCO3 while producing useful gas streams". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: 201821673. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821673116. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
367. "New approach suggests path to emissions-free cement". MIT. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
368. "Alzheimer's memory loss reversed by new head device using electromagnetic waves". Neuroscience News. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
369. Dvorsky, George (19 September 2019). "Facial Reconstruction Shows What the Enigmatic Denisovans Might Have Looked Like". Gizmodo. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
370. Gokhman, David; et al. (19 September 2019). "Reconstructing Denisovan Anatomy Using DNA Methylation Maps". Cell. 179 (1): 180–192. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.035. PMID 31539495. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
371. Wei-Haas, Maya (19 September 2019). "DNA reveals first look at enigmatic human relative - For nearly a decade, researchers have puzzled over what the Denisovans looked like. Now, we have our best model yet of the species' skeleton". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
372. Andrews, Robin George (20 September 2019). "Mysterious magnetic pulses discovered on Mars - The nighttime events are among initial results from the InSight lander, which also found hints that the red planet may host a global reservoir of liquid water deep below the surface". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
373. "315 billion-tonne iceberg breaks off Antarctica". BBC News. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
374. "Climate change: UN panel signals red alert on 'Blue Planet'". BBC News. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
375. "Extreme sea level events 'will hit once a year by 2050'". The Guardian. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
376. "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate". IPCC. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
377. "Deep Genomics Nominates Industry's First AI-Discovered Therapeutic Candidate". Deep Genomics. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
378. "Machine Learning Finds New Metamaterial Designs for Energy Harvesting". Duke University. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
379. Fitzsimmons, Alan; et al. (27 September 2019). "Detection of CN Gas In Interstellar Object 2I/Borosov". arXiv:1909.12144v1 [astro-ph.EP].
380. "Fruit flies live longer with combination drug treatment". University College London. 30 September 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
381. "Humans Have Salamander-Like Ability to Regrow Cartilage in Joints". Duke University Health System. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
382. "Scientists estimate Earth's total carbon store". BBC News. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
383. "Scientists Quantify Global Volcanic CO2 Venting; Estimate Total Carbon on Earth". Deep Carbon Observatory. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
384. "Cracking how 'water bears' survive the extremes". EurekAlert!. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
385. Najjar, Dana (7 November 2019). "Physicists Can Finally Peek at Schrödinger's Cat Without Killing It Forever". Live Science. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
386. Patekar, Kartik; Hofmann, Holger F. (2019). "The role of system–meter entanglement in controlling the resolution and decoherence of quantum measurements". New Journal of Physics. 21 (10): 103006. arXiv:1905.09978. Bibcode:2019arXiv190509978P. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ab4451.
387. Lin, Yen-Hung; Huang, Wentao; Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya; Lim, Jongchul; Li, Ruipeng; Sakai, Nobuya; Panidi, Julianna; Hong, Min Ji; Ma, Chun; Wei, Nini; Wehbe, Nimer (2 October 2019). "Deciphering photocarrier dynamics for tuneable high-performance perovskite-organic semiconductor heterojunction phototransistors". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12481-2. ISSN 2041-1723.
388. "3-D printing technique accelerates nanoscale fabrication 1000-fold". PhysOrg. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
389. Saha, Sourabh K.; Wang, Dien; Nguyen, Vu H.; Chang, Yina; Oakdale, James S.; Chen, Shih-Chi (4 October 2019). "Scalable submicrometer additive manufacturing". Science. 366 (6461): 105–109. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..105S. doi:10.1126/science.aax8760. PMID 31604310.
390. Good, Andrew; Johnson, Alana (7 October 2019). "NASA's Curiosity Rover Finds an Ancient Oasis on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
391. Rapin, W.; et al. (7 October 2019). "An interval of high salinity in ancient Gale crater lake on Mars" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 317 (11): 889–895. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..889R. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0458-8.
392. "Saturn overtakes Jupiter as planet with most moons". BBC News. 7 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
393. "Saturn surpasses Jupiter after the discovery of 20 new moons". Science Daily. 7 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
394. Megha Satyanarayana (7 October 2019). "Modified E. coli pump out psilocybin". Chemical & Engineering News. 97 (39): 11. doi:10.1021/cen-09739-scicon9.
395. "Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Hand". OpenAI. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
396. "Robot hand solves Rubik's cube, but not the grand challenge". BBC News. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
397. "In a first, scientists pinpoint neural activity's role in human longevity". Science Daily. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
398. "Highest throughput 3D printer is the future of manufacturing". EurekAlert!. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
399. "Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor". 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
400. "Novel nanoprobes show promise for optical monitoring of neural activity". Science Daily. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
401. "Novel nanoprobes show promise for optical monitoring of neural activity". UC Santa Cruz. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
402. "New stable form of plutonium discovered". PhysOrg. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
403. Anzalone, Andrew V.; Randolph, Peyton B.; Davis, Jessie R.; Sousa, Alexander A.; Koblan, Luke W.; Levy, Jonathan M.; Chen, Peter J.; Wilson, Christopher; Newby, Gregory A.; Raguram, Aditya; Liu, David R. (21 October 2019). "Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA". Nature. 576 (7785): 149–157. Bibcode:2019Natur.576..149A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4. PMC 6907074. PMID 31634902.
404. Gallagher, James (21 October 2019). "Prime editing: DNA tool could correct 89% of genetic defects". BBC News. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
405. "Scientists Create New, More Powerful Technique To Edit Genes". NPR. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
406. Joel, Lucas (21 October 2019). "The Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Acidified the Ocean in a Flash - The Chicxulub event was as damaging to life in the oceans as it was to creatures on land, a study shows". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
407. Henehan, Michael J.; et al. (21 October 2019). "Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (45): 22500–22504. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11622500H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1905989116. PMC 6842625. PMID 31636204.
408. University of South Carolina (26 October 2019). "Controversial Theory on Extinction of Ice-Age Animals Supported by New Evidence". SciTechDaily. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
409. Moore, Christopher R.; et al. (22 October 2019). "Sediment Cores from White Pond, South Carolina, contain a Platinum Anomaly, Pyrogenic Carbon Peak, and Coprophilous Spore Decline at 12.8 ka". Scientific Reports. 9 (15121 (2019)): 15121. Bibcode:2019NatSR...915121M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51552-8. PMC 6805854. PMID 31641142.
410. "Google claims 'quantum supremacy' for computer". BBC News. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
411. Gibney, Elizabeth (23 October 2019). "Hello quantum world! Google publishes landmark quantum supremacy claim". Nature. 574 (7779): 461–462. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..461G. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03213-z. PMID 31645740.
412. Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Babbush, Ryan; Bacon, Dave; Bardin, Joseph C.; Barends, Rami; Biswas, Rupak; Boixo, Sergio; Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.; Buell, David A.; Burkett, Brian; Chen, Yu; Chen, Zijun; Chiaro, Ben; Collins, Roberto; Courtney, William; Dunsworth, Andrew; Farhi, Edward; Foxen, Brooks; Fowler, Austin; Gidney, Craig; Giustina, Marissa; Graff, Rob; Guerin, Keith; Habegger, Steve; Harrigan, Matthew P.; Hartmann, Michael J.; Ho, Alan; Hoffmann, Markus; et al. (23 October 2019). "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor". Nature. 574 (7779): 505–510. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..505A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. PMID 31645734.
413. "On "Quantum Supremacy"". IBM. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
414. "Engineers develop a new way to remove carbon dioxide from air". Science Daily. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
415. Chan, Eva KF; Timmermann, Axel; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). "Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations". Nature. Nature Research. 575 (7781): 185–189. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..185C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. PMID 31659339. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
416. Woodward, Aylin (28 October 2019). "New Study Pinpoints The Ancestral Homeland of All Humans Alive Today". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
417. "The homeland of modern humans". Garvan Institute of Medical Research. 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
418. "Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'". BBC News. 28 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
419. "ESO telescope reveals what could be the smallest dwarf planet yet in the solar system". Science Daily. 28 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
420. "Asteroid Hygiea May Be the Smallest Dwarf Planet in the Solar System". Space.com. 28 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
421. Starr, Michelle (30 October 2019). "That Interstellar Comet Is Carrying Water From Beyond Our Solar System". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
422. McKay, Adam J.; et al. (2020). "Detection of a Water Tracer in Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov". The Astrophysical Journal. 889: L10. arXiv:1910.12785. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab64ed.
423. Belita, Jodie; et al. (28 October 2019). "Hyperdiverse archaea near life limits at the polyextreme geothermal Dallol area" (PDF). Nature Ecology and Evolution. 3 (11): 1552–1561. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1005-0. PMC 6837875. PMID 31666740.
424. Andrews, Robin George (1 November 2019). "They Didn't Find Life in a Hopeless Place - In some of the world's saltiest, most acidic bodies of superheated water, even the most extreme forms of archaea couldn't survive". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
425. "Rising sea levels pose threat to homes of 300m people – study". The Guardian. 29 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
426. Kulp, Scott A.; Strauss, Benjamin H. (29 October 2019). "New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding". Nature Communications. Nature. 10 (1): 4844. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.4844K. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12808-z. PMC 6820795. PMID 31664024.
427. "Rising Seas Will Erase More Cities by 2050, New Research Shows". The New York Times. 29 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
428. "Insect decline more extensive than suspected". Technical University of Munich. 30 October 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
429. Seibold, Sebastian; Gossner, Martin M.; Simons, Nadja K.; Blüthgen, Nico; Müller, Jörg; Ambarlı, Didem; Ammer, Christian; Bauhus, Jürgen; Fischer, Markus; Habel, Jan C.; Linsenmair, Karl Eduard; Nauss, Thomas; Penone, Caterina; Prati, Daniel; Schall, Peter; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef; Vogt, Juliane; Wöllauer, Stephan; Weisser, Wolfgang W. (30 October 2019). "Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers". Nature. 574 (7780): 671–674. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..671S. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1684-3. PMID 31666721.
430. Kunin, William E. (30 October 2019). "Robust evidence of declines in insect abundance and biodiversity". Nature. 574 (7780): 641–642. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..641K. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03241-9. PMID 31666718.
431. "Nanotechnology breakthrough enables conversion of infrared light to energy". PhysOrg. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
432. University of Iowa (4 November 2019). "Voyager 2 reaches interstellar space - Iowa-led instrument detects plasma density jump, confirming spacecraft has entered the realm of the stars". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
433. Chang, Kenneth (4 November 2019). "Voyager 2's Discoveries From Interstellar Space - In its journey beyond the boundary of the solar wind's bubble, the probe observed some notable differences from its twin, Voyager 1". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
434. "Living Skin Can Now be 3D-Printed With Blood Vessels Included". Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
435. "Climate crisis: 11,000 scientists warn of 'untold suffering'". The Guardian. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
436. "World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency". BioScience. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
437. "Climate change: 'Clear and unequivocal' emergency, say scientists". BBC News. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
438. "Spiders and ants inspire metal that won't sink". University of Rochester. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
439. Windner, Davey (8 November 2019). "Microsoft Confirms Windows 'BlueKeep' Attack: Users Told To Patch Now". Forbes. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
440. Goodin, Dan (8 November 2019). "One of the world's most advanced hacking groups debuts new Titanium backdoor - Malware hides at every step by mimicking common software in long multi-stage execution". Ars Technica. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
441. Seals, Tara (8 November 2019). "Platinum APT Shines Up New Titanium Backdoor". ThreatPost.com. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
442. "New Horizons Kuiper Belt Flyby Object Officially Named 'Arrokoth'". Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
443. "143 New Geoglyphs Discovered on the Nasca Pampa and Surrounding Area". Yamagata University. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
444. Hooper, Dan (12 October 2019). "A Well-Deserved Physics Nobel - Jim Peebles' award honors modern cosmological theory at last". Scientific American. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
445. Couronne, Ivan (14 November 2019). "Top cosmologist's lonely battle against 'Big Bang' theory". Phys.org. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
446. Strickland, Ashley (15 November 2019). "Astronauts experienced reverse blood flow and blood clots on the space station, study says". CNN News. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
447. Marshall-Goebel, Karina; et al. (13 November 2019). "Assessment of Jugular Venous Blood Flow Stasis and Thrombosis During Spaceflight". JAMA Network Open. 2 (11): e1915011. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15011. PMC 6902784. PMID 31722025.
448. "Could cytotoxic T-cells be a key to longevity?". Science Daily. 13 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
449. Wyatt, Alex S. J.; Leichter, James J.; Toth, Lauren T.; Miyajima, Toshihiro; Aronson, Richard B.; Nagata, Toshi (18 November 2019). "Heat accumulation on coral reefs mitigated by internal waves". Nature Geoscience. 13 (1): 28–34. Bibcode:2019NatGe..13...28W. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0486-4. ISSN 1752-0908.
450. O'Callaghan, Jonathan (18 November 2019). "A whole new world: astronomers draw first global map of Titan". Nature. 575 (7783): 426–427. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..426O. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03539-8. PMID 31745360.
451. Steigerwald, Bill; Jones, Nancy; Furukawa, Yoshihiro (18 November 2019). "First Detection of Sugars in Meteorites Gives Clues to Origin of Life". NASA. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
452. Furukawa, Yoshihiro; et al. (18 November 2019). "Extraterrestrial ribose and other sugars in primitive meteorites". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (49): 24440–24445. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11624440F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1907169116. PMC 6900709. PMID 31740594.
453. Specktor, Brandon (21 November 2019). "Your RNA May Have Come from Space, Meteor Study Suggests - The discovery of ribose sugar in ancient meteorites just made space rocks a little sweeter". Live Science. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
454. A ferroelectric ternary content-addressable memory to enhance deep learning models, by Ingrid Fadelli, Tech Xplore, December 2019.
455. ESA/Hubble Information Centre (20 November 2019). "Hubble studies gamma-ray burst with the highest energy ever seen". EurekAlert! (Press release). Retrieved 20 November 2019.
456. Veres, P; et al. (20 November 2019). "Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst". Nature. 575 (7783): 459–463. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..459M. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1754-6. PMID 31748725.
457. Powell, James (20 November 2019). "Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming". Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society. 37 (4): 183–184. doi:10.1177/0270467619886266. The consensus among research scientists on anthropogenic global warming has grown to 100%, based on a review of 11,602 peer-reviewed articles on “climate change” and “global warming” published in the first 7 months of 2019.
458. "Malaysia's last known Sumatran rhino dies". BBC News. 23 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
459. "The RIPE NCC has run out of IPv4 Addresses". Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
460. "Latest WMO GHG Bulletin". World Meteorological Organization – World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
461. "Climate-heating greenhouse gases hit new high, UN reports". The Guardian. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
462. "Greenhouse gas concentrations in atmosphere reach yet another high". World Meteorological Organization. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
463. Shelton, Jim (26 November 2019). "New image offers close-up view of interstellar comet". Yale University. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
464. Arizona State University (26 November 2019). "Caring for family is what motivates people worldwide - International study including 27 countries shows people prioritize loved ones over everything else". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
465. Ko, Ahra; et al. (14 July 2019). "Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation". PsyArxiv.com. 15: 173–201. doi:10.1177/1745691619872986. PMID 31791196. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
466. Chinese Academy of Sciences (27 November 2019). "Researchers say animal-like embryos preceded animal appearance". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
467. Zimmer, Carl (27 November 2019). "Is This the First Fossil of an Embryo? - Mysterious 609-million-year-old balls of cells may be the oldest animal embryos — or something else entirely". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
468. "Nine climate tipping points now 'active,' warn scientists". EurekAlert!. 27 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
469. Liu, Jifeng; et al. (27 November 2019). "A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements". Nature. 575 (7784): 68–621. arXiv:1911.11989. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..618L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2. PMID 31776491.
470. Chinese Academy of Science (27 November 2019). "Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
471. Starr, Michelle (27 November 2019). "Scientists Just Found an "Impossible" Black Hole in The Milky Way Galaxy". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
472. "New treatment triggers self-destruction of pancreatic cancer cells". Science Daily. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
473. "Scientists discover molecule that destroys pancreatic cancer cells". Israel21c. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
474. "SLAC scientists invent a way to see attosecond electron motions with an X-ray laser". SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
475. "Bionic neurons could enable implants to restore failing brain circuits". The Guardian. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
476. "World first as artificial neurons developed to cure chronic diseases". University of Bath. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
477. "Distant star's vision of our Sun's future 'death'". BBC News. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
478. "First giant planet around white dwarf found". EurekAlert!. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
479. "Hidden giant planet revealed around tiny white dwarf star". University of Warwick. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
480. Staff (5 December 2019). "Academy scientists describe 71 species in 2019 - From geckos to goblin spiders, flowering plants, and Mediterranean ants—spanning five continents and three oceans—these discoveries grow Earth's tree of life". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
481. Iqbal Pittalwala (6 December 2019). "Gamma-ray laser moves a step closer to reality". University of California, Riverside. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
482. Heintz, Jim; Keyton, David (7 December 2019). "Nobel laureate: Face up to climate change, no escaping Earth". AP News. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
483. Guinan, Edward F.; Wasatonic, Richard J.; Calderwood, Thomas J. (8 December 2019). "ATel #13341 - The Fainting of the Nearby Red Supergiant Betelgeuse". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
484. Guinan, Edward F.; Wasatonic, Richard J.; Calderwood, Thomas J. (23 December 2019). "ATel #13365 - Updates on the "Fainting" of Betelgeuse". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
485. Drake, Nadia (26 December 2019). "A giant star is acting strange, and astronomers are buzzing - The red giant Betelgeuse is the dimmest seen in years, prompting some speculation that the star is about to explode. Here's what we know". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
486. Torbet, Georgina (12 December 2019). "NASA finds 'water ice' just below the surface of Mars - The ice could be reached with a shovel, experts say". Engadget. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
487. Liquid flow is influenced by a quantum effect in water, by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, DECEMBER 9, 2019
488. Ultrafast stimulated emission microscopy of single nanocrystals, phys.org.
489. In surprise breakthrough, scientists create quantum states in everyday electronics by Louise Lerner, University of Chicago, 9 December 2019.
490. First Pig-Monkey Chimeras Were Just Created in China, By Nicoletta Lanese - 9 December 2019.
491. "Intel Introduces 'Horse Ridge' to Enable Commercially Viable Quantum Computers". Intel. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
492. American Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (9 December 2019). "Researchers develop new method to remove dust on solar panels". Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
493. Yonsei University (6 January 2020). "New evidence shows that the key assumption made in the discovery of dark energy is in error". Phys.org. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
494. Kang, Yijung; et al. (2020). "Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (1): 8. arXiv:1912.04903v1. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889....8K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5afc.
495. "Ford quantum computing experiment cuts traffic, commute times". CNET. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
496. "Mass Navigation: How Ford Is Exploring the Quantum World with Microsoft to Help Reduce Congestion". Medium. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
497. Rincon, Paul (18 December 2019). "Homo erectus: Ancient humans survived longer than we thought". BBC News. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
498. Rizal, Yan; et al. (18 December 2019). "Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 years ago". Nature. 577 (7790): 381–385. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1863-2. PMID 31853068. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
499. Ferreira, Becky (11 December 2019). "Mythical Beings May Be Earliest Imaginative Cave Art by Humans - The paintings on an Indonesian island are at least 43,900 years old and depict humanoid figures with animal-like features in a hunting scene". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
500. Amanda Morris (11 December 2019). "Earth was stressed before dinosaur extinction". Northwestern University. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
501. "Japan will build the world's largest neutrino detector". Nature. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
502. Lin, Yen-Hung; Li, Wen; Faber, Hendrik; Seitkhan, Akmaral; Hastas, Nikolaos A.; Khim, Dongyoon; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Xixiang; Pliatsikas, Nikolaos; Tsetseris, Leonidas; Patsalas, Panos A. (16 December 2019). "Hybrid organic–metal oxide multilayer channel transistors with high operational stability". Nature Electronics. 2 (12): 587–595. doi:10.1038/s41928-019-0342-y. ISSN 2520-1131.
503. "New organic-metal oxide transistors with high operational stability". techxplore.com. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
504. "Cheops satellite lifts off to study planets beyond solar system". The Guardian. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
505. "N° 25–2019: Liftoff for Cheops, ESA's exoplanet mission". ESA. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
506. American Association for the Advancement of Science (19 December 2019). "Science's 2019 breakthrough of the year: The first image of a black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
507. Phelan, Meagan; Beckwith, Walter (19 December 2019). "Science's 2019 Breakthrough: First Image of Supermassive Black Hole". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
508. O'Brien, Molly; McAlpine, Kat J. (19 December 2019). "12 Breakthroughs That Wowed Us in 2019 - From climate science to fake news, these discoveries are sure to keep making waves in the next decade". Boston University. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
509. McFall-Johnsen, Morgan (24 December 2019). "The biggest breakthroughs in space in 2019, from the farthest object ever visited to the first photo of a black hole". Business Insider. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
510. Woodward, Aylin (5 January 2020). "A handful of recent discoveries have shattered anthropologists' picture of where humans came from, and when". Business Insider. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
511. Staff (21 December 2019). "What We Learned in Science News in 2019 - Developments in science that we're still thinking about at year's end". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
512. Staff (22 December 2019). "What We Learned in Space and Astronomy News in 2019". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
513. Sheikh, Knvul (23 December 2019). "What We Learned in 2019: Health and Medicine". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
514. Staff (13 December 2019). "2019: The Year In Climate Change - The biggest climate stories you might have missed — but still have time to read". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
515. "The US government has approved funds for geoengineering research". Technology Review. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
516. Harwood, William (30 December 2019). "Koch marks record stay in space for female astronaut". SpaceFlightNow.com. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
517. Wee, Sui-Lee (30 December 2019). "Chinese Scientist Who Genetically Edited Babies Gets 3 Years in Prison - He Jiankui's work was also carried out on a third infant, according to China's state media, in a new disclosure that is likely to add to the global uproar over such experiments". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
518. Yee, Isaac; Hollingsworth, Julia (30 December 2019). "Chinese gene-editing scientist jailed for 3 years". CNN News. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
519. Cyranoski, David (3 January 2020). "What CRISPR-baby prison sentences mean for research - Chinese court sends strong signal by punishing He Jiankui and two colleagues". Nature. 577 (7789): 154–155. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00001-y. PMID 31911693.
520. Kolata, Gina; Specia, Megan (7 October 2019). "Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded for Research on How Cells Manage Oxygen - The prize was awarded to William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for discoveries about how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
521. Chang, Kenneth; Specia, Megan (8 October 2019). "Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded for Cosmic Discoveries - The cosmologist James Peebles split the prize with the astrophysicists Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, for work the Nobel judges said "transformed our ideas about the cosmos."". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
522. Specia, Megan (9 October 2019). "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Honors Work on Lithium-Ion Batteries - John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino were recognized for research that has "laid the foundation of a wireless, fossil fuel-free society."". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
523. "Simon Norton, mathematical prodigy who became the subject of the biography 'The Genius in my Basement' – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. London. 15 February 2019.
524. "Legendary scientist who predicted climate change effects dead at 87". Mashable. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.

External links

• Media related to 2019 in science at Wikimedia Commons