Ř
The grapheme Ř, ř (R with háček, example of Czech pronunciation:
![](../I/m/Latin_alphabet_%C5%98%C5%99.svg.png)
The Unicode glyphs are U+0158 Ř and U+0159 ř . Either can also be represented using the combining character U+030C ̌ COMBINING CARON.
History of Ř in Czech
In Czech, the phoneme ř originated from Old Czech in the 13th century. The oldest written documents from which it can be inferred date to 1237.[1] Three theories exist explaining the origin of the phoneme. First, it could have arisen from the consonant r preceding the vowels e, í, i. The second theory posits that ř evolved from the phoneme r followed by the Proto-Slavic vowel yer (ь). Finally, it is possible that the phoneme evolved from the Proto-Slavic combination of r and the nasal ę, or from the cluster rj (alternatively spelled r'). For example, r’epa > řepa, r’ěka > řěka > řeka, tr’i > tři, zvěr’ь > zvěr’ > zvěř, kur’ę > kur’ě > kuřě > kuře, mor’e > moře[2].
Usage
In Czech it is used to denote [r̝], a raised alveolar non-sonorant trill and it is an allophone of 'rz' in Polish. Its manner of articulation is similar to other alveolar trills but the tongue is raised; it is partially fricative. It is usually voiced, [r̝], but it also has a voiceless allophone [r̝̊] occurring in the vicinity of voiceless consonants or at the end of a word.
In Upper Sorbian, it denotes the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ].
In Rif-Berber, the letter Ř / ř is used for a sound between /l/ and /r/.
Tongue twister
Czech: “Tři sta třicet tři stříbrných stříkaček stříkalo přes tři sta třicet tři stříbrných střech.”
Phonetically: [ˈtr̝̊ɪsta ˈtr̝̊ɪt͡sɛt ˈtr̝̊ɪ ˈstr̝̊iːbr̩niːx ˈstr̝̊iːkat͡ʃɛk ˈstr̝̊iːkalo pr̝̊ɛs ˈtr̝̊ɪsta ˈtr̝̊ɪt͡sɛt ˈtr̝̊ɪ ˈstr̝̊iːbr̩niːx ˈstr̝̊ɛx].
English: “333 silver fire hoses squirted over 333 silver roofs”.
Computing code
Preview | Ř | ř | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON | LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 344 | U+0158 | 345 | U+0159 |
UTF-8 | 197 152 | C5 98 | 197 153 | C5 99 |
Numeric character reference | Ř | Ř | ř | ř |
Named character reference | Ř | ř |
See also
- Czech alphabet
- Sorbian alphabet
References
- Čornejová, M. Ke grafice bohemik X.–XII. století. SPFFBU Linguistica Brunensia A 53, 2005, 137–145.
- http://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/?id=148