Russian Republic

The Russian Republic,[lower-alpha 4] was a short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September, N.S.) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice.[1]

For the constituent republic of the Soviet Union, see Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. For modern-day country, see Russia. For its federal subjects, see Republics of Russia.
Russian Republic
Российская Республика

1917[lower-alpha 1]
Proclaimed territory of the Russian Republic
CapitalPetrograd
Common languagesRussian
GovernmentProvisional government
(Mar–Sep 1917)
Democratic federal republic
(Sep–Oct 1917)
Minister-Chairman 
• Sep–Nov 1917
Alexander Kerensky[lower-alpha 2]
LegislatureProvisional Council
(1917)
Constituent Assembly[lower-alpha 3]
(1918)
Historical eraWorld War I/Russian
Revolution
8–16 March 1917
• Republic proclaimed
14 September 1917
7 November 1917
• Constituent Assembly
dissolved
19 January 1918
CurrencyRuble
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Russian Provisional Government
Russian SFSR
Russian State
Ukraine
Finland
Alash Autonomy
Khiva
Bukhara
Moldavia
Crimea
Belarus
Idel-Ural
Altai
Turkestan
Estonia
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Grand Duchy of Moscow 1283–1547
Tsardom of Russia 1547–1721
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After the seizure of power, the Bolsheviks used the name "Russian Republic" for some time, until the name "RSFSR" was officially adopted. In 1918, an unsuccessful attempt was made to revive the Russian Republic under the name "Russian Democratic Federative Republic". This decision was made by the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, which adopted a new constitution, but it was not executed, because the Assembly was instantly dissolved and the territory was controlled by the Bolsheviks who proclaimed the RSFSR.

The term "Russian Republic" is sometimes used erroneously for the period between the abdication of the Emperor Nicholas II on 3 March 1917 (16 March, N.S) and the declaration of the Republic in September. However, during that period the future status of the monarchy remained unresolved.

Politics

Officially, the Republic's government was the Provisional Government, although de facto control of the country was contested between it, the soviets (chiefly the Petrograd Soviet), and various ethnic-based separatists (such as the Central Council of Ukraine). Soviets were political organizations of the proletariat, strongest in industrial regions, and were dominated by left-wing parties. Soviets, whose influence was supplemented with paramilitary forces, were occasionally able to rival the Provisional Government which had an ineffective state apparatus.

The Government's control of the military was also tenuous. Seamen of the Baltic Fleet, for example, had far-left views and openly engaged in political activism in the capital. Right-wing proclivities among the army officers were also a problem – Kerensky's attempt to dismiss Gen. Lavr Kornilov led to a failed coup.

Principal institutions
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See also

References
  1. The Russian Republic Proclaimed at prlib.ru, accessed 12 June 2017

Notes
  1. Effectively ceased to exist after the Bolshevik Coup of November 1917, formally abolished in 1918.
  2. Served as the prime minister of the provisional government since July.
  3. Dissolved after the very first meeting.
  4. Russian: Российская Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Respublika, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə].
  • The Russian Republic proclaimed. Presidential Library
  • Browder, R. P., Kerensky, A. F. The Russian Provisional Government, 1917: Documents. "Stanford University Press". Stanford, 1961. ISBN 9780804700238

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