60S ribosomal protein L22

60S ribosomal protein L22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL22 gene on Chromosome 1.[5][6]

RPL22
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4UG0, 4V6X, 5AJ0, 4UJD, 4D67, 4D5Y, 4UJE, 4UJC
Identifiers
Aliases	RPL22, EAP, HBP15, HBP15/L22, L22, ribosomal protein L22
External IDs	OMIM: 180474 MGI: 99262 HomoloGene: 37378 GeneCards: RPL22
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p36.31 Start 6,185,020 bp[1] End 6,209,389 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4|4 E2 Start 152,325,742 bp[2] End 152,334,071 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • heparin binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • structural constituent of ribosome • RNA binding • translation regulator activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • cytosol • ribosome • focal adhesion • intracellular • cytosolic large ribosomal subunit • extracellular exosome • cell nucleus • extracellular matrix • ribonucleoprotein • presynapse • glutamatergic synapse Biological process • cytoplasmic translation • protein biosynthesis • viral transcription • SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane • translational initiation • nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay • rRNA processing • alpha-beta T cell differentiation • regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6146	19934
Ensembl	ENSG00000116251	ENSMUSG00000028936
UniProt	P35268	P67984
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000983	NM_001277113 NM_001277114 NM_009079
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000974	NP_001264042 NP_001264043 NP_033105
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 6.19 – 6.21 Mb	Chr 4: 152.33 – 152.33 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L22E family of ribosomal proteins. Its initiating methionine residue is post-translationally removed. The protein can bind specifically to Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) 1 and 2. The mouse protein has been shown to be capable of binding to heparin. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA signals exist. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. It was previously thought that this gene mapped to 3q26 and that it was fused to the acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1) gene located at 21q22 in some therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome patients with 3;21 translocations; however, these fusions actually involve a ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene located at 3q26, and this gene actually maps to 1p36.3-p36.2.[6]

Insects

The gene may play a role in Insect toxicity resistance. In culex mosquitos, it was one of several ribosomal proteins which were overexpressed in strains resistant to the insecticide deltamethrin.[7] More focused analysis revealed that resistant mosquitoes expressed RPL22 at a level more than 2.5x higher than susceptible strains; however, the same study found that over-expression of RPL22 in transfected cells caused a down-regulation of a different deltamethrin-resistance gene (CYP6A1) and made these cells overall less resistant to the insecticide.[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116251 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028936 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Nucifora G, Begy CR, Erickson P, Drabkin HA, Rowley JD (August 1993). "The 3;21 translocation in myelodysplasia results in a fusion transcript between the AML1 gene and the gene for EAP, a highly conserved protein associated with the Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER 1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (16): 7784–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7784. PMC 47227. PMID 8395054.
6. "Entrez Gene: RPL22 ribosomal protein L22".
7. Wu H, Tian H, Wu G, Langdon G, Kurtis J, Shen B, Ma L, Li X, Gu Y, Hu X, Zhu C (July 2004). "Culex pipiens pallens: identification of genes differentially expressed in deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible strains". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 79 (3): 75–83. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.04.004.
8. He J, Sun H, Zhang D, Sun Y, Ma L, Chen L, Liu Z, Xiong C, Yan G, Zhu C (June 2009). "Cloning and characterization of 60S ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22) from Culex pipiens pallens". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. 153 (2): 216–22. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.03.003. PMID 19298862.

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A (1996). "Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins". Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 73 (11–12): 933–47. doi:10.1139/o95-101. PMID 8722009.
• Toczyski DP, Steitz JA (February 1991). "EAP, a highly conserved cellular protein associated with Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs (EBERs)". The EMBO Journal. 10 (2): 459–66. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07968.x. PMC 452667. PMID 1846807.
• Fujita Y, Okamoto T, Noshiro M, McKeehan WL, Crabb JW, Whitney RG, Kato Y, Sato JD, Takada K (March 1994). "A novel heparin-binding protein, HBp15, is identified as mammalian ribosomal protein L22". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 199 (2): 706–13. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1286. PMID 8135813.
• Sanger Centre, The; Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente, The (November 1998). "Toward a complete human genome sequence". Genome Research. 8 (11): 1097–108. doi:10.1101/gr.8.11.1097. PMID 9847074.
• Le S, Sternglanz R, Greider CW (March 2000). "Identification of two RNA-binding proteins associated with human telomerase RNA". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 11 (3): 999–1010. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.3.999. PMC 14826. PMID 10712515.
• Shu-Nu C, Lin CH, Lin A (October 2000). "An acidic amino acid cluster regulates the nucleolar localization and ribosome assembly of human ribosomal protein L22". FEBS Letters. 484 (1): 22–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02118-9. PMID 11056215.
• Uechi T, Tanaka T, Kenmochi N (March 2001). "A complete map of the human ribosomal protein genes: assignment of 80 genes to the cytogenetic map and implications for human disorders". Genomics. 72 (3): 223–30. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6470. PMID 11401437.
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, Leung AK, Lam YW, Steen H, Mann M, Lamond AI (January 2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Current Biology. 12 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9. PMID 11790298.
• Yoshihama M, Uechi T, Asakawa S, Kawasaki K, Kato S, Higa S, Maeda N, Minoshima S, Tanaka T, Shimizu N, Kenmochi N (March 2002). "The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes". Genome Research. 12 (3): 379–90. doi:10.1101/gr.214202. PMC 155282. PMID 11875025.
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, Ong SE, Lyon CE, Lamond AI, Mann M (January 2005). "Nucleolar proteome dynamics". Nature. 433 (7021): 77–83. doi:10.1038/nature03207. PMID 15635413.
• Chen KC, Chiang HS, Fang CL (2005). "EBER expression of pure urinary bladder lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in two unique Asian patients". Urologia Internationalis. 74 (3): 280–2. doi:10.1159/000083565. PMID 15812220.
• Fok V, Mitton-Fry RM, Grech A, Steitz JA (May 2006). "Multiple domains of EBER 1, an Epstein-Barr virus noncoding RNA, recruit human ribosomal protein L22". RNA. 12 (5): 872–82. doi:10.1261/rna.2339606. PMC 1440895. PMID 16556938.
• Nakao K, Mochiki M, Nibu K, Sugasawa M, Uozaki H (April 2006). "Analysis of prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: impact of in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded small RNA 1". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 134 (4): 639–45. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2005.11.022. PMID 16564389.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P35268 (60S ribosomal protein L22) at the PDBe-KB.