Provinces of Italy

The provinces of Italy (Italian: Province d'Italia) are the constituent entities of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as ‘institutional bodies of second level’.[1]

Provinces of Italy (grey borders), within Regions (solid borders)

There are currently 107 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 80 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 14 metropolitan cities, including the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.

Overview

A province of the Italian Republic is composed of many municipalities (comune). Usually several provinces together form a region; the region of Aosta Valley is the sole exception—it is not subdivided into provinces, and provincial functions are exercised by the region.

The three main functions devolved to provinces are:

• local planning and zoning;
• provision of local police and fire services;
• transportation regulation (car registration, maintenance of local roads, etc.).

The number of provinces in Italy has been steadily growing in recent years, as many new ones are carved out of older ones. Usually, the province's name is the same as that of its capital city.

According to the 2014 reform, each province is headed by a President (or Commissioner) assisted by a legislative body, the Provincial Council, and an executive body, the Provincial Executive. President (Commissioner) and members of Council are elected together by mayors and city councilors of each municipality of the province. The Executive is chaired by the President (Commissioner) who appoint others members, called assessori. Since 2015, the President (Commissioner) and other members of the Council will not receive a salary.[2]

In each province, there is also a Prefect (prefetto), a representative of the central government who heads an agency called prefettura-ufficio territoriale del governo. The Questor (questore) is the head of State Police (Polizia di Stato) in the province and his office is called questura. There is also a provincial police force depending from local government, called provincial police (polizia provinciale).

The South Tyrol and Trentino are autonomous provinces: unlike all other provinces they have the same legislative powers as regions and are not subordinated to Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, the region they are part of.

List of provinces

List

Type	Province	Capital	Code	Region	Macroregion	Population (2019)[3]	Area (km²)	Density (p/km²)	Comuni	President
F	Agrigento	Agrigento	AG	Sicily	Insular	434,870	3,053	144	43	Marcello Maisano (commissioner)
O	Alessandria	Alessandria	AL	Piedmont	North-West	421,284	3,559	119	188	Gianfranco Lorenzo Baldi (R)
O	Ancona	Ancona	AN	Marche	Centre	471,228	1,963	241	47	Liana Serrani (L)
D	Aosta	Aosta	AO	Aosta Valley	North-West	125,666	3,261	39	74	—
O	Arezzo	Arezzo	AR	Tuscany	Centre	342,654	3,233	106	36	Roberto Vasai (L)
O	Ascoli Piceno	Ascoli Piceno	AP	Marche	Centre	207,179	1,228	170	33	Paolo D'Erasmo (L)
O	Asti	Asti	AT	Piedmont	North-West	214,638	1,510	143	118	Marco Gabusi (R)
O	Avellino	Avellino	AV	Campania	South	418,306	2,792	157	118	Domenico Gambacorta (R)
M	Bari	Bari	BA	Apulia	South	1,251,994	3,821	329	41	Antonio Decaro (L)
O	Barletta-Andria-Trani	Barletta, Andria, Trani	BT	Apulia	South	390,011	1,538	255	10	Nicola Giorgino (R)
O	Belluno	Belluno	BL	Veneto	North-East	202,950	3,676	58	63	Roberto Padrin (I)
O	Benevento	Benevento	BN	Campania	South	277,018	2,071	139	78	Claudio Ricci (L)
O	Bergamo	Bergamo	BG	Lombardy	North-West	1,114,590	2,723	404	243	Matteo Rossi (L)
O	Biella	Biella	BI	Piedmont	North-West	175,585	914	203	74	Emanuele Ramella Pralungo (L)
M	Bologna	Bologna	BO	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	1,014,619	3,702	268	55	Virginio Merola (L)
O	Brescia	Brescia	BS	Lombardy	North-West	1,265,954	4,783	263	205	Pier Luigi Mottinelli (L)
O	Brindisi	Brindisi	BR	Apulia	South	392,975	1,839	219	20	Maurizio Bruno (L)
M	Cagliari	Cagliari	CA	Sardinia	Insular	431,038	1,248	345	17	Massimo Zedda (L)
F	Caltanissetta	Caltanissetta	CL	Sicily	Insular	262,458	2,124	128	22	Alessandro Di Liberto (commissioner)
O	Campobasso	Campobasso	CB	Molise	South	221,238	2,910	79	84	Rosario De Matteis (L)
O	Caserta	Caserta	CE	Campania	South	922,965	2,640	347	104	Giorgio Magliocca (R)
M	Catania	Catania	CT	Sicily	Insular	1,107,702	3,553	307	58	Enzo Bianco (L)
O	Catanzaro	Catanzaro	CZ	Calabria	South	358,316	2,392	154	80	Enzo Bruno (L)
O	Chieti	Chieti	CH	Abruzzo	South	385,588	2,588	153	104	Mario Pupillo (L)
O	Como	Como	CO	Lombardy	North-West	599,204	1,288	462	148	Maria Rita Livio (L)
O	Cosenza	Cosenza	CS	Calabria	South	705,753	6,650	110	150	Franco Iacucci (L)
O	Cremona	Cremona	CR	Lombardy	North-West	358,955	1,771	205	113	Davide Viola (L)
O	Crotone	Crotone	KR	Calabria	South	174,980	1,716	102	27	Armando Foresta (I)
O	Cuneo	Cuneo	CN	Piedmont	North-West	587,089	6,902	86	247	Federico Borgna (L)
F	Enna	Enna	EN	Sicily	Insular	164,788	2,561	67	20	Giovanni Corso (commissioner)
O	Fermo	Fermo	FM	Marche	Centre	173,800	860	207	40	Moira Canigola (L)
O	Ferrara	Ferrara	FE	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	345,691	2,630	137	21	Tiziano Tagliani (L)
M	Florence	Florence	FI	Tuscany	Centre	1,011,349	3,515	284	41	Dario Nardella (L)
O	Foggia	Foggia	FG	Apulia	South	622,183	6,966	92	61	Francesco Miglio (L)
O	Forlì-Cesena	Forlì	FC	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	394,627	2,376	166	30	David Drei (L)
O	Frosinone	Frosinone	FR	Lazio	Centre	489,083	3,243	154	91	Antonio Pompeo (L)
M	Genoa	Genoa	GE	Liguria	North-West	841,180	1,839	480	67	Marco Bucci (R)
R	Gorizia	Gorizia	GO	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	North-East	139,403	466	306	25	TBD
O	Grosseto	Grosseto	GR	Tuscany	Centre	221,629	4,501	51	28	Antonfrancesco Vivarelli Colonna (R)
O	Imperia	Imperia	IM	Liguria	North-West	213,840	1,156	193	66	Fabio Natta (PSI)
O	Isernia	Isernia	IS	Molise	South	84,379	1,528	58	52	Lorenzo Coia (L)
O	La Spezia	La Spezia	SP	Liguria	North-West	219,556	881	254	32	Giorgio Cozzani (R)
O	L'Aquila	L'Aquila	AQ	Abruzzo	South	299,031	5,035	62	108	Angelo Caruso (R)
O	Latina	Latina	LT	Lazio	Centre	575,254	2,250	247	33	Giovanni Bernasconi (L)
O	Lecce	Lecce	LE	Apulia	South	795,134	2,759	296	97	Antonio Maria Gabellone (R)
O	Lecco	Lecco	LC	Lombardy	North-West	337,380	816	417	85	Flavio Polano (L)
O	Livorno	Livorno	LI	Tuscany	Centre	334,832	1,211	283	19	Alessandro Franchi (L)
O	Lodi	Lodi	LO	Lombardy	North-West	230,198	782	291	60	Francesco Passerini (R)
O	Lucca	Lucca	LU	Tuscany	Centre	387,876	1,773	222	33	Luca Menesini (L)
O	Macerata	Macerata	MC	Marche	Centre	314,178	2,774	117	55	Antonio Pettinari (R)
O	Mantua	Mantua	MN	Lombardy	North-West	412,292	2,339	178	64	Beniamino Mauro Morselli (L)
O	Massa and Carrara	Massa	MS	Tuscany	Centre	194,878	1,157	176	17	Gianni Lorenzetti (L)
O	Matera	Matera	MT	Basilicata	South	197,909	3,447	59	31	Francesco De Giacomo (L)
M	Messina	Messina	ME	Sicily	Insular	626,876	3,247	201	108	Renato Accorinti (L)
M	Milan	Milan	MI	Lombardy	North-West	3,250,315	1,575	2,004	134	Giuseppe Sala (L)
O	Modena	Modena	MO	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	705,393	2,689	261	47	Gian Carlo Muzzarelli (L)
O	Monza and Brianza	Monza	MB	Lombardy	North-West	873,935	405	2,098	55	Luca Santambrogio (R)
M	Naples	Naples	NA	Campania	South	3,084,890	1,171	2,631	92	Luigi De Magistris (L)
O	Novara	Novara	NO	Piedmont	North-West	369,018	1,339	278	87	Matteo Besozzi (L)
O	Nuoro	Nuoro	NU	Sardinia	Insular	208,550	5,838	37.4	74	Costantino Tidu (L)
O	Oristano	Oristano	OR	Sardinia	Insular	157,707	2,990	53.33	87	Massimo Torrente (commissioner)
O	Padua	Padua	PD	Veneto	North-East	937,908	2,143	436	102	Fabio Bui (I)
M	Palermo	Palermo	PA	Sicily	Insular	1,252,588	4,992	250	82	Leoluca Orlando (L)
O	Parma	Parma	PR	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	451,631	3,450	128	44	Filippo Fritelli (L)
O	Pavia	Pavia	PV	Lombardy	North-West	545,888	2,965	185	186	Vittorio Poma (L)
O	Perugia	Perugia	PG	Umbria	Centre	656,382	6,332	106	59	Nando Mismetti (L)
O	Pesaro and Urbino	Pesaro	PU	Marche	Centre	358,886	2,564	143	53	Daniele Tagliolini (L)
O	Pescara	Pescara	PE	Abruzzo	South	318,909	1,225	264	46	Antonio Di Marco (L)
O	Piacenza	Piacenza	PC	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	287,152	2,590	112	46	Francesco Rolleri (L)
O	Pisa	Pisa	PI	Tuscany	Centre	419,037	2,445	171	37	Marco Filippeschi (L)
O	Pistoia	Pistoia	PT	Tuscany	Centre	292,473	965	304	20	Rinaldo Vanni (L)
R	Pordenone	Pordenone	PN	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	North-East	312,533	2,130	148	50	TBD
O	Potenza	Potenza	PZ	Basilicata	South	364,960	6,549	59	100	Nicola Rocco Valluzzi (L)
O	Prato	Prato	PO	Tuscany	Centre	257,716	365	684	7	Matteo Biffoni (L)
F	Ragusa	Ragusa	RG	Sicily	Insular	320,893	1,614	197	12	Dario Caltabellotta (commissioner)
O	Ravenna	Ravenna	RA	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	389,456	1,858	211	18	Michele De Pascale (L)
M	Reggio Calabria	Reggio Calabria	RC	Calabria	South	548,009	3,184	178	97	Giuseppe Falcomatà (L)
O	Reggio Emilia	Reggio Emilia	RE	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	531,891	2,292	231	42	Gianmaria Manghi (L)
O	Rieti	Rieti	RI	Lazio	Centre	155,503	2,750	58	73	Giuseppe Rinaldi (L)
O	Rimini	Rimini	RN	Emilia-Romagna	North-East	339,017	863	382	25	Andrea Gnassi (L)
M	Rome	Rome	RM	Lazio	Centre	4,342,212	5,352	784	121	Virginia Raggi (M5S)
O	Rovigo	Rovigo	RO	Veneto	North-East	234,937	1,790	138	50	Marco Trombini (R)
O	Salerno	Salerno	SA	Campania	South	1,098,513	4,918	226	158	Giuseppe Canfora (L)
O	Sassari	Sassari	SS	Sardinia	Insular	491,571	7,692	64.1	92	Guido Sechi (commissioner)
O	Savona	Savona	SV	Liguria	North-West	276,064	1,545	186	69	Monica Giuliano (L)
O	Siena	Siena	SI	Tuscany	Centre	267,197	3,823	71	35	Fabrizio Nepi (L)
O	Sondrio	Sondrio	SO	Lombardy	North-West	181,095	3,210	57	77	Luca Della Bitta (R)
O	South Sardinia	Carbonia	SU	Sardinia	Insular	350,725	6,530	54.3	107	Mario Mossa (commissioner)
A	South Tyrol	Bolzano	BZ	Trentino-South Tyrol	North-East	531,178	7,400	69	116	Arno Kompatscher (SVP)
F	Syracuse	Syracuse	SR	Sicily	Insular	399,224	2,108	192	21	Antonio Lutri (commissioner)
O	Taranto	Taranto	TA	Apulia	South	576,756	2,436	238	29	Martino Carmelo Tamburrano (R)
O	Teramo	Teramo	TE	Abruzzo	South	308,052	1,948	160	47	Domenico "Renzo" Di Sabatino (L)
O	Terni	Terni	TR	Umbria	Centre	225,633	2,122	111	33	Giampiero Lattanzi (L)
F	Trapani	Trapani	TP	Sicily	Insular	430,492	2,460	177	24	Giuseppe Amato (commissioner)
A	Trento	Trento	TN	Trentino-South Tyrol	North-East	541,098	6,203	85	175	Maurizio Fugatti (R)
O	Treviso	Treviso	TV	Veneto	North-East	887,806	2,477	359	95	Stefano Marcon (R)
R	Trieste	Trieste	TS	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	North-East	234,493	212	1,116	6	TBD
M	Turin	Turin	TO	Piedmont	North-West	2,259,523	6,829	337	312	Chiara Appendino (M5S)
R	Udine	Udine	UD	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	North-East	528,791	4,904	110	134	TBD
O	Varese	Varese	VA	Lombardy	North-West	890,768	1,199	737	139	Nicola Gunnar Vincenzi (L)
M	Venice	Venice	VE	Veneto	North-East	853,338	2,461	351	44	Luigi Brugnaro (R)
O	Verbano-Cusio-Ossola	Verbania	VB	Piedmont	North-West	158,349	2,256	72	74	Stefano Costa (L)
O	Vercelli	Vercelli	VC	Piedmont	North-West	170,911	2,088	86	82	Carlo Riva Vercellotti (R)
O	Verona	Verona	VR	Veneto	North-East	926,497	3,120	295	98	Antonio Pastorello (R)
O	Vibo Valentia	Vibo Valentia	VV	Calabria	South	160,073	1,139	146	50	Andrea Niglia (I)
O	Vicenza	Vicenza	VI	Veneto	North-East	862,418	2,723	320	119	Achille Variati (L)
O	Viterbo	Viterbo	VT	Lazio	Centre	317,030	3,614	89	60	Pietro Nocchi (L)
Total	—	—	—	—	—	60,359,546	301,378	200	7,926	—

Data

Italian provinces by population

Italian provinces by population density

• Sardinia — following the outcome of the regional referendums of 2012 it was decreed that such institutions should be reformed or abolished by March 2013 (thus remaining in office until 28 February 2013).[4] In January 2014 the Sardinian Regional Administrative Court declared "unconstitutional" the abolition of the Sardinian provinces, which occurred in 2013.[5] In 2016, Sardinian provinces were reformed by Sardinia regional executive: Cagliari became a metropolitan city; the provinces Olbia-Tempio, Ogliastra, Medio Campidano and Carbonia-Iglesias were abolished.[6] In 2017, Regional council of Sardinia approved the institution of a new province, South Sardinia. It was formed by the municipalities of province of Cagliari that did not join to metropolitan city of Cagliari, and those which formed the provinces of Medio Campidano and Carbonia Iglesias.[7]

• Sicily — provinces were replaced by six free municipal consortia in 2013 and three metropolitan cities in 2015.[8]

• Friuli-Venezia Giulia — in 2016, the regional council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia approved a law which abolished the four provinces which formed the region, and replaced by 18 territorial unions of municipalities.[9] In 2019, the regional council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia rebranded the four provinces as the four regional decentralization entities, who took their competences, powers, and capital.[10]

• Metropolitan cities — in 2015, 14 metropolitan cities replaced the provinces of Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania, Florence, Genoa, Messina, Milan, Naples, Palermo, Reggio Calabria, Rome, Turin, and Venice.

History

Kingdom of Italy

In 1861, at the birth of the Kingdom of Italy, there were 59 provinces. However, at that time the national territory was smaller than the current one: regions of Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Lazio were not included in the kingdom.

In 1866, following the Third Independence War, territories of Veneto, Friuli and Mantua were annexed. There were therefore nine more provinces: Belluno, Mantua, Padua, Rovigo, Treviso, Venice, Verona, Vicenza and Udine, all previously part of the Austrian Empire. Eventually, in 1870, following the union of Rome and its province from the Papal States, the provinces rose in number to 69.

After the First World War, new territories were annexed to Italy. The Province of Trento was created in 1920. Provinces of La Spezia, Trieste and Ionio in 1923. In 1924 the new provinces of Fiume, Pola, and Zara were created, increasing the total number of provinces in Italy to 76.

Between the two World Wars

Provinces of Italy in 1942

In 1927, following a Royal charter,[Note 1] a general province rearrangement took place. 17 new provinces were created (Aosta, Vercelli, Varese, Savona, Bolzano, Gorizia, Pistoia, Pescara, Rieti, Terni, Viterbo, Frosinone, Brindisi, Matera, Ragusa, Castrogiovanni, Nuoro) and the province of Caserta was suppressed. In the same year the institution of circondari, sub-provincial wards created before the unification, was abolished.

Province of Littoria (Latina) was created in 1934, and the Province of Asti in 1935.

Following the annexion of Yugoslavia in 1941, the Province of Zara was enlarged and joined the Governatorate of Dalmatia (comprising the provinces of Zara, Spalato, and Cattaro), while in the occupied central part of the present-day Slovenia the new Province of Ljubljana was created. This lasted only until 1945, when Yugoslavia was recreated.

After World War II

In 1945, after World War II, the province of Aosta changed its name to Valle d'Aosta and Littoria to Latina; the new province of Caserta was created. With the Paris Treaties, signed on 10 February 1947, Italy lost the provinces in the regions of Istria, Carnaro and Dalmazia and part of the provinces of Trieste and Gorizia. Moreover, the province of Trieste was occupied by United States and British forces. The Italian Republic therefore had 91 provinces at its birth.

The province of Ionio was renamed as Taranto in 1951, and in 1954 the province of Trieste was returned to Italy.

Recent history

The Province of Pordenone was created in 1968, the province of Isernia in 1970, and the Province of Oristano in 1974. In a reorganization in 1992 eight provinces were created: Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Biella, Lecco, Lodi, Rimini, Prato, Crotone, and Vibo Valentia, while Forlì was renamed as Forlì-Cesena.

Four new provinces were created in Sardinia in 2001, with effect from 2005: Olbia-Tempio, Ogliastra, Medio Campidano and Carbonia-Iglesias. In 2004 three further provinces were created: Monza and Brianza, Fermo, and Barletta-Andria-Trani, making a total of 110 provinces.

In May 2012, a referendum abolished the eight provinces of Sardinia, and this suppression was to take effect on 1 March 2013. On 6 July 2012, new plans were published to reduce the number of provinces by around half.[11] In January 2014 the Sardinian Regional Administrative Court declared "unconstitutional" the abolition of the Sardinian provinces, which occurred in 2013.

Former provinces

Number of provinces

Year	Provinces
1861	59
1866	68
1870	69
1923	75
1924	76
1927	92
1934	93
1935	94
1941	95
1944	94
1945	93
1947	91
1954	92
1968	93
1970	94
1974	95
1992	103
2001	107
2004	110
2016	107

Trend in number of provinces

Historical abolished provinces

• Province of Aosta (Italian: Provincia di Aosta) (1927–1945). Became the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley in 1948.
• Province of Terra di Lavoro (Italian: Provincia di Terra di Lavoro ) (1861–1927). Was divided into the current provinces of Frosinone, Latina and Caserta.

Provinces of Istria and Dalmatia

• Province of Zara (Italian: Provincia di Zara) (1923–1947). Originally a small territory, was greatly enlarged in 1941. Was a part of the Governorship of Dalmatia. It remained nominally a part of the Italian Social Republic after the Italian capitulation.
• Province of Pola (Italian: Provincia di Pola) (1923–1947). Created after World War I in Italian Istria. Was occupied by Germany in September 1943 and was administered as a part of the German Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral.
• Province of Carnaro (Italian: Provincia di Fiume) (1924–1947). Enlarged during World War II. Was occupied by Germany in September 1943 and was administered as a part of the German Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral.

Provinces established during World War II

• Province of Ljubljana (Italian: Provincia di Lubiana) (1941–1943). Was occupied by Germany in September 1943 and was administered as a part of the German Operation Zone of the Adriatic Littoral.
• Province of Spalato (Italian: Provincia di Spalato) (1941–1943). Was a part of the Governorship of Dalmatia. Was occupied by Germany in September 1943 and later annexed by the Independent State of Croatia.
• Province of Cattaro (Italian: Provincia di Cattaro) (1941–1943). Was a part of the Governorship of Dalmatia. Was occupied by Germany in September 1943 and partially annexed by the Independent State of Croatia.

Colonial provinces

• Province of Rhodes (Italian: Provincia di Rodi) (1923–1947) or Italian Aegean Islands (Italian: Isole italiane dell'Egeo). It remained nominally a part of the Italian Social Republic after the Italian capitulation.
• Italian Libya was divided into four provinces and one territory (Southern Military Territory or Territory of Saharan Libya). From 1939 onward the provinces were a part of metropolitan Italy.
  • Province of Tripoli (Italian: Provincia di Tripoli) (1937–1943).
  • Province of Misurata (Italian: Provincia di Misurata) (1937–1943).
  • Province of Benghazi (Italian: Provincia di Bengasi) (1937–1943).
  • Province of Derna (Italian: Provincia di Derna) (1937–1943).

Theoretical provinces

• Province of the Western Alps (Italian: Provincia delle Alpi Occidentali). Planned World War II province to be created of the annexed French territories of the Alpes Maritimes (including the Principality of Monaco) and parts of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Hautes Alpes and Savoie.[12] The town of Briançon (Italian: Brianzone) was to act as the provincial capital.[12]
• Province of Ragusa in Dalmatia (Italian: Provincia di Ragusa di Dalmazia). Planned World War II province to be created of the annexed Dalmatian territories that were areas of the ancient Republic of Ragusa.
• Provinces in islands of Greece: Provincia delle Ionie; Provincia delle Cicladi; Provincia di Samo. Planned World War II provinces to be created of the Italian-annexed islands of Greece.

Controversies

Provinces as proposed by the Monti Cabinet in 2012

Provinces are often deemed useless, and many proposals have been made in recent years to eliminate them.[13][14][15] However, the difficulty of changing the constitution and the opposition of groups of politicians and citizens halted any proposal of reform.[16][17]

In 2013, during his speech to the Chamber of Deputies, newly appointed Prime Minister Enrico Letta announced that a revision of the second part of the constitution was needed, in order to change the bicameral parliamentary system and to abolish the provinces. The proposal, presented during the Renzi premiership, was rejected in the constitutional referendum held in December 2016.

See also

• ISO 3166-2:IT
• Regions of Italy
• Metropolitan cities of Italy

Notes

1. Regio Decreto Legislativo n. 1/1927, 3 January 1927, "Riordinamento delle circoscrizioni provinciali"

References

1. "Addio alle vecchie province, è legge il Ddl Delrio". Il Sole 24 Ore. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
2. "Le elezioni". Dipartimento per gli affari interni e territoriali.
3. Italy: Regions and Provinces. CityPopulation. Updated January 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
4. "Province, inizia il conto alla rovescia Gli enti scompariranno a febbraio 2013 - Cronache dalla Sardegna - L'Unione Sarda". Unionesarda.it. 17 August 2001. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
5. "Riordino province, incostituzionale secondo il TAR Sardegna". Giurdanella.it. 10 January 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
6. "Enti locali: approvato nuovo assetto territoriale e nominati amministratori straordinari". Autonomous Region of Sardinia. 20 April 2016.
7. "Carbonia diventa capoluogo della provincia del Sud Sardegna". La Nuova Sardegna. 1 June 2016.
8. Legge 24 marzo 2014, n. 8. Gazzetta Ufficiale della Regione Siciliana (in Italian). Published 28 March 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
9. "Soppressione delle province del Friuli-Venezia Giulia". Autonomous Region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. 14 December 2016.
10. Legge regionale 29 novembre 2019, n. 21. Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Leggi e regolamenti (in Italian). Published 29 November 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
11. Redazione Online. "Spending review, province ridotte del 50% Patroni Griffi:«L'accorpamento è una svolta". Corriere.it. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
12. Davide Rodogno (2006). Fascism's European empire: Italian occupation during the Second World War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–92. ISBN 0-521-84515-7.
13. "Lombardo contro le Province "È giunto il momento di abolirle"". la Repubblica. 26 July 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
14. "Pareggio di bilancio in Costituzione dal 2014 Addio Province (escluse Trento e Bolzano)". la Repubblica. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
15. "Più di un milione di persone a libro paga della Politica Spa". la Repubblica. 18 July 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
16. "Il presidente della Provincia di Varese "Via le Regioni come Molise e Umbria"". la Repubblica. 16 July 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
17. Fabrizzi, Federica. "LA PROVINCIA: STORIA ISTITUZIONALE DELL'ENTE LOCALE PIÙ DISCUSSO". federalismi.it. Retrieved 21 November 2011.

External links

• Media related to Provinces of Italy at Wikimedia Commons