Como

Como (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkɔːmo] (listen),[3][4] locally [ˈkoːmo];[3] Comasco: Còmm [ˈkɔm],[5] Cómm [ˈkom] or Cùmm [ˈkum];[6] Latin: Novum Comum; Romansh: Com) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy. It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como.

For other uses, see Como (disambiguation).

Como

Còmm  (Lombard)
Comune
Città di Como
View of Como city from Baradello Castle
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Como
Como
Location of Como in Lombardy
Como
Como (Lombardy)
Coordinates: 45°49′0″N 9°5′0″E
CountryItaly
RegionLombardy
ProvinceComo (CO)
Roman foundation196 BC
FrazioniAlbate, Breccia, Camerlata, Camnago Volta, Civiglio, Garzola, Lora, Monte Olimpino, Muggiò, Ponte Chiasso, Prestino, Rebbio, Sagnino, Tavernola
Government
 • MayorMario Landriscina (since 26 June 2017) (centre-right)
Area
 • Total37.34 km2 (14.42 sq mi)
Elevation
201 m (659 ft)
Population
 (30 April 2015)[2]
 • Total84,394
 • Density2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Comaschi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
22100
Dialing code031
Patron saintSaint Abbondio
Saint day31 August
WebsiteOfficial website
Life Electric, by Daniel Libeskind, to celebrate scientist Alessandro Volta (2015)

Its proximity to Lake Como and to the Alps has made Como a tourist destination, and the city contains numerous works of art, churches, gardens, museums, theatres, parks, and palaces: the Duomo, seat of the Diocese of Como; the Basilica of Sant'Abbondio; the Villa Olmo; the public gardens with the Tempio Voltiano; the Teatro Sociale; the Broletto or the city's medieval town hall; and the 20th-century Casa del Fascio.

With 215,320 overnight guests in 2013, Como was the fourth-most visited city in Lombardy after Milan, Bergamo, and Brescia.[7] In 2018, Como surpassed Bergamo becoming the third most visited city in Lombardy with 1.4 million arrivals.[8]

Como was the birthplace of many historical figures, including the poet Caecilius mentioned by Catullus in the first century BCE,[9][10] writers Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger, Pope Innocent XI, scientist Alessandro Volta,[11] and Cosima Liszt, second wife of Richard Wagner and long-term director of the Bayreuth Festival, and Antonio Sant'Elia, (1888–1916) Futurist architect and pioneer of the modern movement.

History
City and Lake Como, painted by Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, 1834

The hills surrounding the current location of Como were inhabited, since at least the Bronze Age, by a Celtic tribe known as the Orobii. Remains of settlements are still present on the wood-covered hills to the southwest of town.

Around the first century BC, the territory became subject to the Romans. The town center was situated on the nearby hills, but it was then moved to its current location by order of Julius Caesar, who had the swamp near the southern tip of the lake drained and laid the plan of the walled city in the typical Roman grid of perpendicular streets. The newly founded town was named Novum Comum and had the status of municipium. In September 2018, Culture Minister Alberto Bonisoli announced the discovery of around several hundred gold coins in the basement of the former Cressoni Theater (Teatro Cressoni) in a two-handled soapstone amphora, coins struck by emperors Honorius, Valentinian III, Leo I the Thracian, Antonio and Libius Severus dating to 474 AD.[12]

In 774, the town surrendered to invading Franks led by Charlemagne, and became a center of commercial exchange.

In 1127, Como lost a decade-long war with the nearby town of Milan. A few decades later, with the help of Frederick Barbarossa, the Comaschi were able to avenge their defeat when Milan was destroyed in 1162. Frederick promoted the construction of several defensive towers around the city limits, of which only one, the Baradello, remains.

Subsequently, the history of Como followed that of the Duchy of Milan, through the French invasion and the Spanish domination, until 1714, when the territory was taken by the Austrians. Napoleon descended into Lombardy in 1796 and ruled it until 1815, when the Austrian rule was resumed after the Congress of Vienna. Finally in 1859, with the arrival of Giuseppe Garibaldi, the town was freed from the Austrians and it became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy under the House of Savoy.

At the end of World War II, after passing through Como on his escape towards Switzerland, Benito Mussolini was taken prisoner and then shot by partisans in Giulino di Mezzegra, a small town on the north shores of Lake Como.

In 2010, a motion by members of the nationalist Swiss People's Party was submitted to the Swiss parliament requesting the admission of adjacent territories to the Swiss Confederation; Como (and its province) is one of these.[13][14][15]

The Rockefeller fountain that today stands in the Bronx Zoo in New York City was once in the main square (Piazza Cavour) by the lakeside. It was bought by William Rockefeller in 1902 for 3,500 lire (the estimated equivalent then of $637).[16]

Geography

Situated at the southern tip of the south-west arm of Lake Como, the city is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Milan; the city proper borders Switzerland and the communes of Blevio, Brunate, Capiago Intimiano, Casnate con Bernate, Cavallasca, Cernobbio, Grandate, Lipomo, Maslianico, Montano Lucino, San Fermo della Battaglia, Senna Comasco, Tavernerio, and Torno, and the Swiss towns of Chiasso and Vacallo. Nearby major cities are Varese, Lecco, and Lugano.

The lakefront
Como Main Town buildings decorated with light show during December 2017

Administrative subdivisions
Administrative subdivisions

Como is divided into these frazioni (roughly equivalent to the anglocentric ward):

  1. Albate – Muggiò – Acquanera
  2. Lora
  3. Prestino – Camerlata – Breccia – Rebbio
  4. Camnago Volta
  5. City Center – West Como
  6. Borghi
  7. North Como – East Como
  8. Monte Olimpino – Ponte Chiasso – Sagnino – Tavernola
  9. Garzola – Civiglio

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Como has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa); winters are not long but present occasional periods of frost from the Siberian Anticyclone; spring and autumn are well marked and pleasant, while summer can be quite oppressive, hot, and humid. Wind is quite rare; only sudden bursts of foehn or thunderstorms manage to sweep the air clean.

Pollution levels rise significantly in winter when cold air clings to the soil. Rain is more frequent during spring; summer is subject to thunderstorms and occasionally hailstorms.

Como
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
79
 
 
6
−2
 
 
74
 
 
8
−1
 
 
109
 
 
13
4
 
 
157
 
 
17
7
 
 
201
 
 
23
12
 
 
175
 
 
27
16
 
 
137
 
 
30
19
 
 
173
 
 
29
19
 
 
160
 
 
23
13
 
 
147
 
 
19
9
 
 
127
 
 
12
4
 
 
66
 
 
9
2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Climate data for Como
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11
(52)		 14
(57)		 21
(70)		 25
(77)		 31
(88)		 37
(99)		 38
(100)		 36
(97)		 29
(84)		 23
(73)		 17
(63)		 12
(54)		 38
(100)
Average high °C (°F) 6
(43)		 8
(46)		 13
(55)		 17
(63)		 23
(73)		 27
(81)		 30
(86)		 29
(84)		 23
(73)		 19
(66)		 12
(54)		 9
(48)		 18
(64)
Average low °C (°F) −2
(28)		 −1
(30)		 4
(39)		 7
(45)		 12
(54)		 16
(61)		 19
(66)		 19
(66)		 13
(55)		 9
(48)		 4
(39)		 2
(36)		 9
(47)
Record low °C (°F) −12
(10)		 −7
(19)		 −5
(23)		 −2
(28)		 1
(34)		 4
(39)		 5
(41)		 5
(41)		 2
(36)		 0
(32)		 −3
(27)		 −9
(16)		 −12
(10)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 79
(3.1)		 74
(2.9)		 109
(4.3)		 157
(6.2)		 201
(7.9)		 175
(6.9)		 137
(5.4)		 173
(6.8)		 160
(6.3)		 147
(5.8)		 127
(5.0)		 66
(2.6)		 1,605
(63.2)
Average precipitation days 9 8 10 12 13 11 8 9 8 10 11 9 118
Average relative humidity (%) (daily average) 84 76 69 74 72 71 73 72 74 81 85 86 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 59 97 151 176 209 242 285 253 187 129 65 58 1,911
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4
Source 1: [17]
Source 2: [18]

Main sights
Further information: List of buildings and structures in Como

Churches
Duomo (Cathedral)
The park of Villa Olmo and the Cathedral
  • Como Cathedral: Construction began in 1396 on the site of the previous Romanesque church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The façade was built in 1457, with the characteristic rose window and a portal flanked by two Renaissance statues of the famous comaschi Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger. The construction was finished in 1740. The interior is on the Latin cross plan, with Gothic nave and two aisles divided by piers, while the transept wing and the relative apses are from the Renaissance age. It includes a carved 16th century choir and tapestries on cartoons by Giuseppe Arcimboldi. The dome is a rococo structure by Filippo Juvarra. Other artworks include 16th–17th century tapestries and 16th century paintings by Bernardino Luini and Gaudenzio Ferrari.
  • San Fedele, a Romanesque church erected around 1120 over a pre-existing central plan edifice. The original bell tower was rebuilt in modern times. The main feature is the famous Door of St. Fedele, carved with medieval decorations.
  • Sant'Agostino, built by the Cistercians in the early 14th century, heavily renovated in the 20th. The interior and adjoining cloister have 15th–17th century frescoes, but most of the decoration is Baroque.
  • Basilica of Sant'Abbondio, a Romanesque structure consecrated in 1095 by Pope Urban II. The interior, with a nave and four aisles, contains paintings dating to the 11th century and frescoes from the 14th.
  • San Carpoforo (11th century, apse and crypt from 12th century). According to tradition, it was founded re-using a former temple of the God Mercury to house the remains of Saint Carpophorus and other local martyrs.
Cathedral as seen at night during the light festival of Como during December 2017

Secular buildings and monuments
The church of San Fedele, apse area
The Neoclassical English landscape gardens of Villa Olmo
Cathedral as seen from across the lakeside
The Basilica of Sant'Abbondio

Government
See also: List of mayors of Como

Economy

The economy of Como, until the end of the 1980s, was traditionally based on industry; in particular, the city was world-famous for its silk manufacturers,[20] but since the mid 1990s increasing competition from China has significantly reduced profit margins and many small and mid-sized firms have gone out of business. As a consequence manufacturing is no longer the economic driver, and the city has been absorbed into Milan's metropolitan area where it mainly provides workers to the service industry sector. A significant number of residents are employed in the nearby industrial areas of the Swiss towns of Lugano and Mendrisio, primarily in the industrial sector, health care services and in the hospitality industry; the 30 km (19 mi) commute is beneficial as wages in Switzerland are notably higher. For these reasons, tourism has become increasingly important for the local economy since the 1990s. The city and the lake have been chosen as the filming location for various recent popular feature films, and this, together with the increasing presence of celebrities such as Matt Bellamy who have bought lakeside properties, [21] has heightened the city's attractiveness and given a further boost to international tourism.

Demographics

The city of Como has seen its population count increase until it peaked at almost 100,000 inhabitants in the 1970s, when manufacturing, especially the silk industry, was in its boom years. As production began to decline, the population decreased by almost 20,000 people until the start of the 21st century, when the city saw its population grow again by more than six thousand, mainly because of immigration from Asia, Eastern Europe and North Africa. As of 31 December 2016, the population was 84,326 people of which 12,026 were resident aliens, that is, 14.1% of the total; the population distribution by origin was as follows:[22]

Pos.Origin%
1Italy86%
2Europe5.7%
3Asia4.1%
4Africa2.4%
5America1.8%
6Oceania0.1%

The top 30 nationalities were:

Culture

Museums

In Como there are the following museums and exhibition centers:

  • Museo Archeologico "P. Giovio" – archeological museum
  • Museo Storico "Garibaldi" – a museum dedicated to Giuseppe Garibaldi
  • Tempio Voltiano – a museum devoted to Alessandro Volta's work
  • Villa Olmo – various exhibitions
  • Museo Didattico Della Seta – educational silk museum
  • Museo Liceo classico "A. Volta" – scientific museum
  • Pinacoteca Civica – paintings and artworks from Carolingian to modern era housed in the 17th-century Palazzo Volpi

Cuisine
See also: Lombard cuisine

Polenta is a popular dish in Como, and was traditionally eaten for meals in winter time. It is obtained by mixing and cooking corn flour and buckwheat. It is usually served with meat, game, cheese and sometimes fish; in fact, Polenta e Misultin (Alosa agone) is served in the restaurants in the Lake Como area.

A typical plate of polenta (here depicted with rabbit), a very common and traditional dish of the region

A traditional dish is the Risotto con Filetti di Pesce Persico or simply Risotto al Pesce Persico (European perch filet risotto), a fish grown in Lake Como, prepared with white wine, onion, butter and wheat.[23]

Transportation

Rail

The Servizio Ferroviario Regionale (Regional Railway Service) connects Como by train to other major cities in Lombardy. Services are provided by Trenord through two main stations: Como San Giovanni and Como Nord Lago. There are five more urban stations (Albate-Camerlata, Albate-Trecallo, Como Borghi, Como Camerlata and Grandate-Breccia).

Como San Giovanni is also a stop on the main north–south line between Milan Centrale and Zürich HB and Basel SBB. Intercity and Eurostar trains stop at this station, which makes Como very accessible from the European express train network.

The Como to Brunate funicular connects the center of Como with Brunate, a small village (1,800 inhabitants) on a mountain at 715 m (2,346 ft) above sea level.

An old steamship
The funicular to Brunate

Buses and taxis

The local public transport network comprises 11 urban (within city limits) lines and 'extra-urban' (crossing city limits) (C) lines connecting Como with most of its province centers. They are provided by ASF Autolinee.

Ferrovie Nord Milano also provides other bus lines connecting Como to Varese in substitution of the original railway line that was dismissed in the 1960s.

A taxi service is provided by the Municipality of Como.

Ship transport

The boats and hydrofoils (aliscafi) of Navigazione Lago di Como connect the town with most of the villages sitting on the shores of the lake.

Airports

Nearby airports providing scheduled flights are Milano–Malpensa, Milano Linate, Lugano Agno (in Switzerland) and Orio al Serio Airport near Bergamo. Milan–Malpensa Airport can be reached in about half an hour by car; about two hours by train to Stazione Centrale (Milano Central) and then direct shuttle coach[24] or about an hour and a half by train (interchange in Saronno);[25] Milano Linate can be reached by car in about an hour, or by train to Stazione Centrale and then local tram.

Piper Super Cub floatplane at Como's water aerodrome

Bergamo's Orio al Serio Airport can be reached in about an hour and a quarter by car; in two hours by train to Milano Central and then half-hourly shuttle coach. Lugano Agno can be reached by car in less than an hour or by train in an hour and a half (changing once and walking) but it only offers direct flights to Switzerland and Italy[26] and generally higher-priced business class or private charter.

Trains from Como to Zurich Airport take three to four hours.[27]

Como also has an "international" water aerodrome ("Idroscalo", ICAO code LILY)[28] and seaplane base, which hosts its own aeroplane club with a fleet of sea planes, used for flight training and local tour flights.[29] A hangar is available for aircraft maintenance and servicing.

Education and health

Como is home to numerous high schools, the Conservatory of music "Giuseppe Verdi", the Design school "Aldo Galli", the University of Insubria and a branch campus of the Politecnico di Milano.

In Como there are three major hospitals: Ospedale Sant'Anna, Ospedale Valduce and Clinica Villa Aprica

Sports

Notable sports clubs are the ASDG Comense 1872 basketball team, two-time winner of the FIBA EuroLeague Women, and Calcio Como, a football team. There are also numerous recreational activities available for tourists such as pedal-boating, fishing, walking and seaplane rentals. Como also hosts a prestigious clay-court tennis tournament every year, the Città di Como Challenger, which attracts many of the world's top players who are not involved in the concurrent US Open. Many players have testified that they much prefer playing in the relaxed and friendly Como environs than the hustle and bustle of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park.

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Como is twinned with:[30]

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gollark: The number is roughly binomially distributed.
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gollark: For any individual person the chance that it is their birthday is 1/365.
gollark: Incorrect.

See also

Notes
  1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Istat. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. "Demo-Geodemo. – Maps, Population, Demography of ISTAT – Italian Institute of Statistics". Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  3. Migliorini, Bruno; Tagliavini, Carlo; Fiorelli, Piero. Tommaso Francesco Borri (ed.). "Dizionario italiano multimediale e multilingue d'ortografia e di pronunzia". dizionario.rai.it. Rai Eri. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  4. Canepari, Luciano. "Dizionario di pronuncia italiana online". dipionline.it. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  5. Carlo Bassi, Grammatica essenziale del "dialètt de Còmm", Como, Edizioni della Famiglia Comasca, 2014
  6. Libero Locatelli, Piccola grammatica del dialetto comasco, Como, Famiglia Comasca, 1970, p. 6.
  7. "RSY Lombardia-Arrivals and nights spent by guests in accommodation establishments, by type of resort and by type of establishment. Total accommodation establishments. Part III. Tourist resort. Year 2013". asr-lombardia.it. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  8. "Giardini e terrazze sul lago di Como, meta internazionale e gourmet".
  9. John Hazel (2001). Who's who in the Roman World. Psychology Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-415-22410-9.
  10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. "Alessandro Volta". Corrosion-doctors.org. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  12. Hundreds Of Roman Gold Coins Found In Theater Basement, Shannon Van Sant, NPR, 2018-09-10
  13. Maurisse, Marie (22 June 2010). "Quand un député suisse rêve d'annexer la Savoie". Le Figaro. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  14. "SVP-Forderung: Vorarlberg soll Kanton werden". Der Standard. 21 June 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  15. Coen, Leonardo (22 June 2010). "L'ultima tentazione di Como: "Vogliamo diventare svizzeri"". La Repubblica. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  16. "Bronx Park Highlights". Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  17. "Como Climate". MeteoBlue.com. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  18. "Como Climate". Weather-atlas.com. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  19. "Il tetatro socilae di Come (in English)". Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  20. Tagliabue, John (10 April 1997). "Italian Silk Industry Upset By a New U.S. Trade Law". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  21. "Muse's Matt Bellamy Lists Lake Como Condo". Variety. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  22. "Cittadini Stranieri (Foreigners)". Comuni Italiani. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  23. "Food and Culture Encyclopedia:Northern Italy". answers.com. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  24. "Homepage – AirPullman". www.airpullman.com. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  25. "Le Nord". Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  26. "SkyScanner". Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  27. "Swiss Federal Railways". Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Railways SBB CFF FFS. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  28. AIP Italia AD2 LILY
  29. "Aero Club Como". Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  30. "Città Gemellate". Comune di Como. Archived from the original on 12 June 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  31. "Netanya – Twin Cities". Netanya Municipality. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

Sources
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