Phorate

Phorate is an organophosphate used as an insecticide and acaricide.

Phorate
Names
IUPAC name
O,O-Diethyl S-[(ethylsulfanyl)methyl] phosphorodithioate
Other names
Thimet (trademark)
3911 (trademark)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.503
UNII
Properties
C7H17O2PS3
Molar mass 260.36 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Skunk-like[1]
Density 1.16 g/mL
Melting point −43 °C; −45 °F; 230 K [1]
Boiling point 118-120°C (2.0 mm Hg)[2]
0.005% (20°C)[1]
Vapor pressure 0.0008 mmHg (20°C)[1]
Hazards
Flash point 160 °C; 320 °F; 433 K (open cup)[1]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.05 mg/m3 ST 0.2 mg/m3 [skin][1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Overview

At normal conditions, it is a pale yellow mobile liquid poorly soluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents. It is relatively stable and hydrolyses only at very acidic or basic conditions. It is very toxic both for target organisms and for mammals including human. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.[3]

Phorate is most commonly applied in granular form. It is non-biocumulative and has no residual action. But some metabolites may persist in soil. It also damages some seeds.[3]

Toxicity

Phorate (Thimate) is absorbed readily through all ways. Its toxicity is high. Oral LD50 to rats is 1.1 – 3.2 mg/kg, to mice 3.5 – 6.5 mg/kg (technical phorate). Similar values has been found out to birds.[3]

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References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0502". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Co., Willoughby, OH (1991)
  3. "Data sheets on pesticides No. 75 – Phorate". Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2011-07-31.
  • Phorate in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
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