MV Bianca C.

The Bianca C. was a passenger ship that sank on two occasions, the first time in France before being completed, and the second time after an explosion and fire off the island of Grenada.

History
France
Name:
  • Marechal Petain (1944-1946)
  • La Marseillaise (1946-1957)
  • Arosa Sky (1957-1959)
  • Bianca C. (1959-1961)
Builder: Construction Navales La Ciotat
Launched: June 1944
Completed: July 1949
Fate: Sunk, 24 October 1961
General characteristics
Type: Passenger ship
Tonnage: 18,427 gross register tons (GRT) when lost[1]
Length: 600 ft (180 m)[2]
Capacity: 400 passengers[2]
Crew: 300[2]

History
Bianca C. on her first voyage with Costa, off the coast of Genoa in 1959

Built during World War II at Construction Navales La Ciotat, a shipyard on the southern coast of France, the ship was first launched in June 1944 under the name Marechal Petain. Construction had not yet been completed, so the ship was towed to Port de Bouc, near Marseille, where she was scuttled by the Germans in August. When the hull was raised, it was renamed La Marseillaise and towed to Toulon before being returned to La Ciotat to be refitted as a cruise ship. When the remodeling was completed in July 1949, she sailed to Yokohama. In 1957, the ship was given the name Arosa Sky after being sold to Panama's Arosa Line. She was refitted again and became the company's flagship. She was chartered by the exchange organization American Field Service to bring students between the U.S. and Europe. Within two years Arosa Line was forced to sell the ship to Costa Line, an Italian company also known as Linea C. After that 1959 sale, the ship was renamed the Bianca C. (the second Costa C ship so named) for one of the owner's daughters, and was refurbished once again. The Bianca C.'s main route ran from Italy to Venezuela, including stops in the Caribbean.

Sinking

On the 21st in the afternoon she left La Guaira (Venezuela) for Granada and Tenerife (Canary Islands). On Sunday October 22, 1961, the Bianca C. docked off Grenada when an explosion occurred in the engine room in the early hours of the morning. One crewman died immediately, and eight others were injured. As fires broke out, approximately 700 passengers and crew scrambled to abandon the ship while Grenadian fishermen and boat owners, awakened by the noise of the explosion, near the harbor of St. George's rushed to help. Survivors were taken to the capital, where makeshift hospitals were hastily established to provide shelter and food. Because Grenada did not have the equipment to quench such a large fire, a call for help was sent and was received by the British frigate HMS Londonderry at Puerto Rico. It took two days for the Londonderry to arrive, and by that time the Bianca C. had begun to sink. The burning ship was in the main anchorage and would block the harbor if it sank there, so a Londonderry boarding party boarded the flaming ship to attach a towline. The anchor lines of the Bianca C. were burned, and today the anchors are still at the mouth of the St. George's harbor. Meanwhile, the Londonderry moved to tow the Bianca C., but the latter ship was listing to port. Thousands of Grenadians watched from the mountains as the tow progressed for six hours, but the Bianca C.. had only moved three miles (5 km) when a squall started and the towline broke. The Bianca C. sank quickly into 165 feet (50 m) of water, about a mile from the popular tourist beach at Grand Anse.

Wreck

In the 1970s, a Trinidadian firm salvaged the Bianca C.'s propellers and sold them for scrap. As the top of the ship is in only about 100 feet (30 m) of water, scuba divers can reach it and in the late 1980s and early 1990s some removed parts of the boat for souvenirs. In late 1992, the rear third of the ship was torn off and the ship began to deteriorate quickly, though at 600 feet (180 m) in length it is still the region's largest shipwreck. A bronze statue of Christ of the Abyss was given by the Costa Line to Grenada in appreciation of the country's hospitality, and the statue stands in the Carenage surrounding the harbor at St. George's.

The Times named the Bianca C. as one of the top ten wreck diving sites in the world.[3]

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See also

References
  1. "The Grenada Bianaca C Story". divegrenada.com. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
  2. "The Sinking of the Biana C". grenada-history.org. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
  3. Ecott, Tim (2007-03-03). "World's best wreck diving". London: The Times. Retrieved 2009-11-09.

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