Aminopeptidase

Aminopeptidases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus (N-terminus) of proteins or peptides (exopeptidases).They are widely distributed throughout the animal and plant kingdoms and are found in many subcellular organelles, in cytosol, and as membrane components. Aminopeptidases are used in essential cellular functions. Many, but not all, of these peptidases are zinc metalloenzymes.[2]

Crystal structure of the open state of human endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 ERAP1[1]
Identifiers
SymbolPeptidase_M1
PfamPF01433
MEROPSM1
OPM superfamily227
OPM protein3mdj
CDDcd09595
Membranome534

Some aminopeptidases are monomeric, and others are assemblies of relatively high mass (50 kDa) subunits. cDNA sequences are available for several aminopeptidases and a crystal structure of the open state of human endoplasmic reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 ERAP1 is presented here.[1] Amino acid sequences determined directly or deduced from cDNAs indicate some amino acid sequence homologies in organisms as diverse as Escherichia coli and mammals, particularly in catalytically important residues or in residues involved in metal ion binding.[2]

One important aminopeptidase is a zinc-dependent enzyme produced and secreted by glands of the small intestine. It helps the enzymatic digestion of proteins. Additional digestive enzymes produced by these glands include dipeptidases, maltase, sucrase, lactase, and enterokinase.[3]

See also

References
  1. PDB: 3QNF​: Kochan G, Krojer T, Harvey D, Fischer R, Chen L, Vollmar M, von Delft F, Kavanagh KL, Brown MA, Bowness P, Wordsworth P, Kessler BM, Oppermann U (May 2011). "Crystal structures of the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) reveal the molecular basis for N-terminal peptide trimming". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (19): 7745–50. doi:10.1073/PNAS.1101262108. PMC 3093473. PMID 21508329.
  2. Taylor A (February 1993). "Aminopeptidases: structure and function". FASEB Journal. 7 (2): 290–8. doi:10.1096/fasebj.7.2.8440407. PMID 8440407.
  3. Langner J, Ansorge S (2002). Cellular peptidases in immune functions and diseases 2. Springer. ISBN 0-306-46383-0.


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