2020 in archosaur paleontology

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that are scheduled described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that are scheduled to occur in the year 2020.

List of years in archosaur paleontology
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General research

• A study on the evolution of metabolic rates along the bird stem lineage is published by Rezende et al. (2020).[1]
• A review of the anatomy of the respiratory systems and mechanics of breathing in living and fossil archosaurs, evaluating their physiological implications, is published by Brocklehurst et al. (2020).[2]
• A study aiming to determine the relationship between atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ levels during the Late Triassic and the evolution of skeletal pneumaticity and respiratory systems in theropod dinosaurs and in paracrocodylomorphs is published by Hudgins, Uhen & Hinnov (2020).[3]
• A study on sexual dimorphism in the skulls of extant gharials, and on its implications for the feasibility of detecting dimorphism in non-avian dinosaurs, is published by Hone et al. (2020).[4]
• A study on the microstructure of teeth of Mesozoic birds and non-avian paravian theropods is published by Li et al. (2020), who evaluate the implications of their findings for the knowledge of differences in feeding ecology of early birds and closely related paravians.[5]
• A study on the phylogenetic distribution and structural diversity of medullary bone in extant birds, reevaluating the criteria proposed to allow the identification of medullary bone in fossils of avemetatarsalians, is published by Canoville, Schweitzer & Zanno (2020).[6]
• An archosaur egg of uncertain affinities, with eggshell containing several parallel dark bands, is reported from the Upper Cretaceous of South Korea by Choi et al. (2020), who investigate the origin of the dark bands, and name a new ootaxon Aenigmaoolithus vesicularis.[7]
• A study on the relationship between the curvatures of ungual bones and behaviour in extant birds and squamates, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the lifestyle of Mesozoic birds and non-avian theropods, is published by Cobb & Sellers (2020).[8]
• Xing, Cockx & McKellar (2020) describe a large sample set of 150 specimens of the Cretaceous Burmese amber containing feathers most likely belonging to non-avian dinosaurs and enantiornithean birds.[9]

Pseudosuchians

Research

• Redescription of the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of Riojasuchus tenuisceps, and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of ornithosuchids, is published by von Baczko, Desojo & Ponce (2020).[10]
• A three-dimensional reconstruction of the armour plates around the tail of Stagonolepis robertsoni is presented by Keeble & Benton (2020).[11]
• Taxonomic revision, anatomical description, and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the type and referred materials of Prestosuchus from the original collections of Friedrich von Huene is published by Desojo, von Baczko & Rauhut (2020), who transfer the species Stagonosuchus nyassicus to the genus Prestosuchus.[12]
• A study on the anatomy of the braincase of Almadasuchus figarii, and on early evolution of cranial pneumaticity in Crocodylomorpha, is published by Leardi, Pol & Clark (2020).[13]
• A study on the impact of the habitat on the evolution of body size in Crocodyliformes, based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Gearty & Payne (2020).[14]
• New fossil material of crocodylomorphs from the Birket Qarun Formation in the Fayum Depression (Egypt), including the first record of a sebecosuchian from the late Eocene of Africa, is described by Stefanic et al. (2020).[15]
• A study on the anatomy of the skull and on the phylogenetic relationships of Araripesuchus buitreraensis, based on data from new as well as previously reported specimens, is published by Fernandez Dumont et al. (2020).[16]
• A study on changes in the inner ear vestibular system, involved in sensing balance and equilibrium, throughout the evolutionary history of thalattosuchians is published by Schwab et al. (2020).[17]
• A revision of the genus Steneosaurus is published by Johnson, Young & Brusatte (2020), who designate S. rostromajor as the type species of this genus, consider S. rostromajor to be a nomen dubium and propose that the genus Steneosaurus is undiagnostic.[18]
• Description of new fossil material of Teleidosaurus calvadosii from the middle Bathonian of Ecouché (Normandy, France) and a redescription of the anatomy of this species is published by Hua (2020).[19]
• A study on the thermophysiology of metriorhynchids, as indicated by the oxygen isotope composition of the tooth enamel phosphate, is published by Séon et al. (2020).[20]
• Fossil material of two large-bodied metriorhynchids is reported from lower Kimmeridgian sediments in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg (Germany) by Abel, Sachs & Young (2020), who interpret these fossils as evidence of a new lineage of large-bodied geosaurines from the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian of Europe.[21]
• Redescription of the holotype specimen of Enaliosuchus macrospondylus, a revision of the fossil material assigned to this species, and a review of the current knowledge of metriorhynchid diversity during the Cretaceous is published by Sachs, Young & Hornung (2020).[22]
• A study aiming to determine whether notosuchians were warm-blooded, based on data from bone histology, is published by Cubo et al. (2020), who interpret their findings as indicating that notosuchians were likely to be ectotherms.[23]
• A study on the anatomy and biomechanics of baurusuchid skulls, evaluating their implications for the knowledge of likely predatory behaviors of baurusuchids, is published by Montefeltro et al. (2020).[24]
• New information on the anatomy of the endocranial cavities of Campinasuchus dinizi is presented by Fonseca et al. (2020).[25]
• Pholidosaurid fossil material, representing the most recent record of this group reported so far, is described from the Paleocene (Danian) of Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco) by Jouve & Jalil (2020), who also reinterpret Dakotasuchus kingi, Woodbinesuchus byersmauricei and Sabinosuchus coahuilensis as pholidosaurids, and study the diversity of tethysuchians from the Late Jurassic to the early Paleogene.[26]
• New specimen of Susisuchus anatoceps, displaying a non-eusuchian type palate (i.e. choana not entirely bounded by the pterygoids), is described by Montefeltro et al. (2020), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the anatomy of this taxon and the phylogenetic position of susisuchids.[27]
• A study on skull anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Bernissartia fagesii is published by Martin et al. (2020).[28]
• Reconstruction of the internal cavities of the skull of Agaresuchus fontisensis, including the cavities that contained the brain, nerves and blood vessels, is presented by Serrano‐Martínez et al. (2020).[29]
• New fossil material of Mourasuchus arendsi is described from the Miocene Urumaco Formation (Venezuela) by Cidade, Rincón & Solórzano (2020), who evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the paleobiology of this species.[30]
• A study on the shape and biomechanical properties of the humeri of mekosuchines and extant Australian crocodiles, and on their implications for the knowledge of the locomotion of mekosuchines, is published by Stein et al. (2020).[31]
• Redescription of the anatomy and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of Crocodylus checchiai is published by Delfino et al. (2020).[32]
• Fossil tracks produced by large crocodylomorphs, possibly moving bipedally, are described from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation (South Korea) by Kim et al. (2020), who name a new ichnotaxon Batrachopus grandis.[33]
• A study on the impact of recognition of cryptic species of extant crocodylians on interpretations of the crocodyliform fossil record is published by Brochu & Sumrall (2020).[34]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Bottosaurus fustidens[35]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cossette	Paleocene (Tiffanian)	Black Peaks	United States ( Texas)	A caiman.
Deinosuchus schwimmeri[36]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cossette & Brochu	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Coffee Sand Mooreville	United States ( Alabama  Mississippi)
Dynamosuchus [37]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Müller et al.	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Santa Maria	Brazil	A member of the family Ornithosuchidae. The type species is D. collisensis.

Non-avialan dinosaurs

Research

• A study comparing and testing for correlation between rates of morphological evolution and extinction at the species level in non-avian dinosaurs is published by Crouch (2020).[38]
• A study on the biogeography of the Cretaceous Australian dinosaur fauna is published by Kubo (2020).[39]
• A study on the evolutionary history of dinosaur integument, aiming to determine the most likely ancestral integumentary condition in dinosaurs, is published by Campione, Barrett & Evans (2020).[40]
• A study aiming to determine dinosaur body temperatures on the basis of data from fossil eggshells, comparing them with paleoenvironmental temperatures, and evaluating their implications for the knowledge of dinosaur thermoregulation, is published by Dawson et al. (2020).[41]
• Evidence for an originally non-biomineralized, soft-shelled nature of eggs of Mussaurus and Protoceratops is presented by Norell et al. (2020), who argue that the first dinosaur egg was soft-shelled, and that the calcified, hard-shelled dinosaur egg evolved independently at least three times throughout the Mesozoic era.[42]
• A study on the trace elements and isotopic compositions of eggshells of dinosaur eggs from the Cretaceous Zhaoying Formation (Henan, China), evaluating their implications for reconstructions of local paleoenvironment, is published by He et al. (2020).[43]
• A study on the affinities of putative gekkotan eggshells from the Late Cretaceous of Europe is published by Choi et al. (2020), who interpret the fossil material of Pseudogeckoolithus as theropod eggshells.[44]
• Remains of small theropod eggs, providing new information on the diversity of small dinosaurs in the Hyogo region (Japan), are reported from the Cretaceous (Albian) of the Kamitaki Egg Quarry (Ohyamashimo Formation) by Tanaka et al. (2020), who name new ootaxa Himeoolithus murakamii (the smallest non-avian theropod egg known to date), Nipponoolithus ramosus and Subtiliolithus hyogoensis.[45]
• Chapelle, Fernandez & Choiniere (2020) evaluate the possibility of estimating the developmental stage of dinosaur embryos, on the basis of a study of skull ossification sequences in embryos of Massospondylus carinatus and extant saurians.[46]
• A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Daemonosaurus chauliodus is published by Nesbitt & Sues (2020).[47]
• A study on the evolutionary trends and functional relationships between giant body size and hip anatomy in saurischians is published by Tsai et al. (2020).[48]
• A study on the metabolism of Coelophysis and Plateosaurus, aiming to determine whether the absence of large sauropodomorph dinosaurs in the tropical to subtropical latitudes during the Late Triassic (e.g. the Chinle Formation) was caused by physiological limitations, is published by Lovelace et al. (2020).[49]
• A study on locomotion in non-avian theropods, aiming to determine the selective pressures that influenced evolution of limb length and proportions of limb components in theropods, is published by Dececchi et al. (2020).[50]
• The discovery of sternal plates of Tawa hallae from the Late Triassic of New Mexico and Arizona, representing the oldest known dinosaur sternal plates described so far, is reported by Bradley et al. (2020), who note the presence of morphological features similar to sternal traits in avialans.[51]
• A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Dilophosaurus wetherilli, based on data from the holotype, referred, and previously undescribed specimens from the Kayenta Formation, is published by Marsh & Rowe (2020).[52]
• Redescription of the anatomy, revision of the taxonomy and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Sarcosaurus is published by Ezcurra et al. (2020).[53]
• New fossil material of theropod dinosaurs representing a wide taxonomic range is reported from the Late Jurassic of the Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, Germany) by Evers & Wings (2020), who interpret these fossils as evidence of the presence of several taxa of theropods in the Late Jurassic archipelago in the area of Central Europe.[54]
• A study on theropod bite marks on Late Jurassic vertebrate fossils from the Mygatt-Moore Quarry (Colorado, United States), the identification of the trace makers and their feeding ecology is published by Drumheller et al. (2020), who report possible evidence of cannibalism in Allosaurus.[55]
• A vertebra of an elaphrosaurine theropod is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Eumeralla Formation (Victoria, Australia) by Poropat et al. (2020), representing the first record of Elaphrosaurinae from Australia reported so far.[56]
• New theropod fossil material is reported from the Griman Creek Formation by Brougham, Smith & Bell (2020), who interpret it as evidence of the presence of noasaurids in Australia during the Cretaceous.[57]
• A study on a row of large foramina on the external surface of the skull of Skorpiovenator bustingorryi is published by Cerroni et al. (2020), who report evidence indicating that these foramina were linked to an internal canal that ran across the nasal bones, which they interpret as indicative of the presence of blood vessels and nerves, and attempt to determine possible biological significance of this neurovascular system.[58]
• Almost complete skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus preserving evidence of multiple pre-mortem pathologies is described from the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano Formation (Madagascar) by Gutherz et al. (2020), who interpret these pathologies as most likely to be the result of multiple non-fatal events experienced during the life of the individual, rather than a single traumatic incident.[59]
• Hornung (2020) interprets the holotype specimen of "Ornithocheirus" hilsensis as a partial phalanx of a large-sized theropod, making it one of the earliest dinosaur discoveries in Germany and one of the few records of large-sized theropods near the Valanginian/Hauterivian boundary of Central Europe.[60]
• Pereira et al. (2020) describe theropod fossil material from the Albian-Cenomanian Açu Formation (Brazil), and evaluate the diversity of theropods from this formation.[61]
• A study on the anatomy of the braincase of Irritator challengeri, and on its implications for the knowledge of the neuroanatomy and ecology of this dinosaur, is published by Schade, Rauhut & Evers (2020).[62]
• A study on the anatomy of the tail of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus is published by Ibrahim et al. (2020), who present evidence of tall neural spines and elongate chevrons forming a large, flexible fin-like organ, interpreted by the authors as evidence of adaptation to tail-propelled aquatic locomotion.[63]
• A study on the taxonomic status of spinosaurs from the Kem Kem Group (Morocco) is published by Smyth, Ibrahim & Martill (2020), who consider Spinosaurus maroccanus and Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis to be junior synonyms of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus.[64]
• A study on the anatomy of teeth of Sinraptor dongi, comparing it with dentition of other theropods and evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the feeding ecology of S. dongi, is published by Hendrickx et al. (2020).[65]
• A revision of putative carcharodontosaurid teeth from the Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group (Brazil) is published by Delcourt et al. (2020), who interpret the studied fossil material as more likely to belong to abelisaurid theropods.[66]
• A study on an indeterminate megaraptoran specimen from the Winton Formation (Australia) is published by White et al. (2020), who interpret this finding as evidence of either ontogenetic or intraspecific variation in Australovenator, or the presence of a second megaraptorid taxon in the Winton Formation.[67]
• A study on the pneumaticity of the sacrum and tail of Aoniraptor libertatem, and on its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of pneumaticity through Theropoda, is published by Rolando, Marsà & Novas (2020).[68]
• A study on the endocranial anatomy of Bistahieversor sealeyi, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of the brains and sinuses of tyrannosauroids, is published by McKeown et al. (2020).[69]
• A metatarsal bone of a young tyrannosaurid theropod, assigned to a very small juvenile Gorgosaurus is described from the Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada) by Yun (2020). [70]
• A study on the proposed autapomorphies of Dynamoterror dynastes is published by Yun (2020), who determined a taxonomic name to be a nomen dubium.[71]
• A study on the bone microstructure of two half-grown specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the early life history of members of this species and the taxonomic validity of Nanotyrannus lancensis, is published by Woodward et al. (2020).[72]
• A study on changes in skeleton of Tyrannosaurus rex during its growth, aiming to assign known specimens of this taxon to specific growth categories, is published by Carr (2020).[73]
• A study on the anatomy of the integumentary structures of Juravenator starki and Sciurumimus albersdoerferi from the Kimmeridgian Torleite Formation of southern Germany is published by Foth et al. (2020).[74]
• Partial skeleton of an oviraptorosaur theropod closely associated with two eggs (one within the pelvic canal and the other just posterior to it) is described from the Upper Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation (China) by Jin et al. (2020), who note the complete absence of medullary bone in this egg-bearing specimen.[75]
• New fossil material of Chirostenotes pergracilis, representing the first associated mandibular and postcranial material of a caenagnathid from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), is described by Funston & Currie (2020), who evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of taxonomy and diversity of caenagnathids from the Dinosaur Park Formation and the growth patterns of Chirostenotes pergracilis.[76]
• Description of new caenagnathid fossil material from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), providing new information on pelvic anatomy of caenagnathids, is published by Rhodes, Funston & Currie (2020).[77]
• Description of a partial skeleton of a caenagnathid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Montana, United States) and study on the bone histology of this specimen is published by Cullen et al. (2020), who evaluate the implications of their findings for the knowledge of the utility of size as a determinant for referral of incomplete or fragmentary skeletal remains to specific or new coelurosaur taxa.[78]
• New theropod teeth, possibly belonging to members of the family Dromaeosauridae and representing the first record of that group from the southern Junggar Basin, are reported from the Upper Jurassic Qigu Formation (China) by Maisch & Matzke (2020).[79]
• A study on the facial pneumatic features of members of the family Dromaeosauridae, and on the evolutionary history of these features, is published by Brownstein (2020).[80]
• A study on the differences in the locomotor and predatory specializations of eudromaeosaurs and unenlagiines, as indicated by the anatomy of their hindlimbs, is published by Gianechini, Ercoli & Díaz‐Martínez (2020).[81]
• A study on eudromaeosaurian maxillae, aiming to determine the extent to which maxillae can be used to draw ecological and phylogenetic inferences about dromaeosaurids, is published by Powers, Sullivan & Currie (2020).[82]
• Evidence of sequential wing feather molt in a specimen of Microraptor is presented by Kiat et al. (2020), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the ecology and locomotion of this theropod.[83]
• Partial dentary of a juvenile saurornitholestine dromaeosaurid is described from the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation (Alaska, United States) by Chiarenza et al. (2020), representing the first confirmed non-dental fossil specimen of a member of Dromaeosauridae in the Arctic.[84]
• A study testing for dietary changes through growth in Deinonychus antirrhopus is published by Frederickson, Engel & Cifelli (2020).[85]
• A study on the anatomy of the hindbrain and inner ear of Velociraptor mongoliensis, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the trophic ecology and sensory aptitude of this theropod, is published by King et al. (2020).[86]
• Description of the anatomy of the skeleton of Rahonavis ostromi is published by Forster et al. (2020).[87]
• A study on the chemical preservation of fossil feathers preserved in association with the skeleton of Anchiornis huxleyi is published by Cincotta et al. (2020).[88]
• A study on the quality of the sauropodomorph fossil record is published by Cashmore et al. (2020).[89]
• A study on the morphological variation of Plateosaurus occurring at the genus level, as indicated by data on the shape variation of a sample of limb long bones, is published by Lefebvre et al. (2020).[90]
• A study on teeth development in embryos of Lufengosaurus is published by Reisz et al. (2020).[91]
• A study on the histology of the humeri of two basal sauropod specimens from the Jurassic of Niger and Thailand, reporting evidence of a layer of the radial fibrolamellar bone buried in the outer cortex of these bones, is published by Jentgen-Ceschino, Stein & Fischer (2020), who interpret their findings as evidence of these sauropods being affected by pathologies similar to Ewing's sarcoma and avian osteopetrosis or haemangioma.[92]
• A study comparing articulation and range of motion of necks of extant giraffes and Spinophorosaurus nigerensis is published by Vidal et al. (2020).[93]
• A study on the body plan, functional morphology of the neck and feeding capabilities of Spinophorosaurus nigerensis is published by Vidal et al. (2020).[94]
• A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Klamelisaurus gobiensis is published by Moore et al. (2020).[95]
• Two vertebrae of diplodocoid sauropods are described from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Podosinki Formation (Russia) by Averianov & Zverkov (2020), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the initial radiation of Diplodocoidea.[96]
• Baron (2020) argues that the elongate tails of diplodocid sauropods were used for herding co-ordination.[97]
• A review of the distribution of the Cretaceous fossils of rebbachisaurid sauropods is published by Pereira et al. (2020), who report the first occurrence of a rebbachisaurid from the Açu Formation (Potiguar Basin, Brazil), and discuss its paleobiogeographic implications.[98]
• A reconstruction of the epaxial and hypaxial musculature of the tail of Giraffatitan brancai is published by Díez Díaz et al. (2020).[99]
• A large sauropod humerus, probably belonging to a member of the species Fusuisaurus zhaoi, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Xinlong Formation (Guangxi, China) by Mo et al. (2020).[100]
• A study on histology and affinities of two bone fragments from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Santonian to/or lower Campanian) of the Western Srednogorie (Bulgaria) is published by Nikolov et al. (2020), who interpret these fossils as bones of a titanosaur sauropod, coming from a time interval when sauropods are rare in the fossil record of Europe.[101]
• Voegele et al. (2020) reconstruct the forelimb and shoulder girdle musculature of Dreadnoughtus schrani.[102]
• A study on the microstructure of the tooth enamel of Manidens condorensis, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of tooth enamel in Ornithischia, is published by Becerra & Pol (2020).[103]
• A study on the structure and development of the dermal skeleton of Scelidosaurus harrisonii is published by Norman (2020).[104]
• An isolated caudal vertebra representing the first evidence of the presence of an ankylosaur in the Upper Jurassic Qigu Formation (China) is described by Augustin et al. (2020).[105]
• Fossil stomach contents preserved within the abdominal cavity of the holotype specimen of Borealopelta markmitchelli are described by Brown et al. (2020).[106]
• Description of the anatomy of braincases of three specimens of Bissektipelta archibaldi is published by Kuzmin et al. (2020).[107]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of cerapodan ornithischians is published by Dieudonné et al. (2020).[108]
• A study on the bone histology and probable life history of Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis is published by Han et al. (2020).[109]
• A study on the bone microstructure of Mongolian hadrosauroid dinosaurs, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of growth strategies and evolution of gigantism in hadrosauroids, is published by Słowiak et al. (2020).[110]
• Brownstein (2020) describes new fossil material of hadrosauromorphs from the Maastrichtian New Egypt Formation (New Jersey, United States), including a skeleton of a specimen which was probably a small-bodied adult hadrosauromorph from a lineage outside Hadrosauridae and fossils of juvenile hadrosauromorphs.[111]
• A study on the anatomy of the tail of Tethyshadros insularis is published by Dalla Vecchia (2020).[112]
• A study on pathologies affecting two hadrosaurid vertebrae from the Dinosaur Provincial Park (Alberta, Canada) is published by Rothschild et al. (2020), who consider Langerhans cell histiocytosis to be the most likely diagnosis, making it the first case of LCH recognized in a dinosaur so far.[113]
• A study on a set of fused hadrosaur vertebrae with fragments of a tooth of Tyrannosaurus rex scattered through the intervertebral space is published by Rothschild et al. (2020), who interpret this findings as evidence indicating that the space between the vertebrae was not occupied by intervertebral discs, but rather by an articular space similar to that in modern reptiles.[114]
• A study on the migratory behaviours of hadrosaurs, as indicated by strontium isotope data from hadrosaur teeth from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta (Canada), is published by Terrill, Henderson & Anderson (2020).[115]
• A study on the anatomy of fossils of Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis and on the taxonomic status of this species is published by Takasaki et al. (2020), who consider Ugrunaaluk to be a junior synonym of the genus Edmontosaurus.[116]
• Evidence of pre-mortem traumatic injuries in multiple skeletal elements (especially in tail vertebrae) of Edmontosaurus annectens from the Lance Formation (Wyoming, United States) is presented by Siviero et al. (2020).[117]
• A study on the taphonomy and depositional history of an extensive Maastrichtian bonebed in the Lance Formation of eastern Wyoming dominated by fossils of Edmontosaurus annectens is published by Snyder et al. (2020).[118]
• A study on the interior structure of the nasal spine of Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus is published by Zhang et al. (2020).[119]
• Evidence of preservation of proteins, chromosomes and chemical markers of DNA in the cartilage of a nestling of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation (Montana, United States) is presented by Bailleul et al. (2020).[120]
• A study on patterns of morphological variation of the ceratopsian frill, and on its implications for the knowledge of the ontogeny and evolution of this structure, is published by Prieto‐Márquez et al. (2020).[121]
• New protoceratopsid specimens are described from the Üüden Sair and Zamyn Khond localities (Mongolia) by Czepiński (2020), who evaluates the implications of these specimens for correlation of fossil sites of the Djadochta Formation, and interprets one of these specimens as probable evidence of an anagenetic transition from Protoceratops andrewsi to Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi.[122]
• Evidence of osteosarcoma affecting a specimen of Centrosaurus apertus, representing the first case of osteosarcoma in a dinosaur reported so far, is presented by Ekhtiari et al. (2020).[123]
• Description of an immature specimen of Styracosaurus albertensis (the smallest known for this species) from the Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), and a study comparing the ontogeny and individual variation of the skulls in Styracosaurus and Centrosaurus, is published by Brown, Holmes & Currie (2020).[124]
• A study on the causes of extinction of non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, evaluating dinosaur habitability in the wake of climatic perturbations caused by various asteroid impact and Deccan volcanism scenarios, is published by Chiarenza et al. (2020).[125]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Abdarainurus[126]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Averianov & Lopatin	Late Cretaceous	Alagteeg	Mongolia	A sauropod dinosaur, probably a basal member of Titanosauria. Genus includes new species A. barsboldi.
Adratiklit[127]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Maidment et al.	Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)	El Mers II	Morocco	A member of Stegosauria. Genus includes new species A. boulahfa. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2020.
Allosaurus jimmadseni[128]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chure & Loewen	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Morrison	United States ( Colorado  Utah  Wyoming)
Amanzia[129]	Gen. et comb. nov		Schwarz et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Reuchenette	Switzerland	A non-neosauropod eusauropod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is "Ornithopsis" greppini Huene (1922).
Analong[130]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ren et al.	Middle Jurassic	Chuanjie	China	A mamenchisaurid sauropod. Genus includes new species A. chuanjieensis.
Anhuilong[131]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ren, Huang & You	Middle Jurassic	Hongqin	China	A mamenchisaurid sauropod. Genus includes new species A. diboensis. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Aratasaurus[132]	Gen. et sp. nov		Sayão et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Romualdo	Brazil	A basal member of Coelurosauria. The type species is A. museunacionali.
Citipes[133]	Gen. et comb. nov		Funston	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Dinosaur Park	Canada ( Alberta)	An oviraptorosaur theropod. The type species is "Ornithomimus" elegans Parks (1933).
Dineobellator[134]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jasinski, Sullivan & Dodson	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Ojo Alamo	United States ( New Mexico)	A dromaeosaurid theropod. The type species is D. notohesperus.
Huinculsaurus[135]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Baiano, Coria & Cau	Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian-Turonian)	Huincul	Argentina	A theropod related to Elaphrosaurus. Genus includes new species H. montesi.
Irisosaurus[136]	Gen. et sp. nov		Peyre de Fabrègues et al.	Early Jurassic	Fengjiahe	China	An early member of Sauropodiformes. The type species is I. yimenensis.
Jinbeisaurus[137]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wu et al.	Late Cretaceous	Huiquanpu	China	A tyrannosauroid theropod. Genus includes new species J. wangi. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2020.
Kholumolumo[138]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fabrègues & Allain	Late Triassic	Elliot	Lesotho	An early member of Sauropodomorpha. Genus includes new species K. ellenbergerorum.
Lajasvenator[139]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Coria et al.	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)	Mulichinco	Argentina	A carcharodontosaurid theropod. Genus includes new species L. ascheriae. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2020.
Lusovenator[140]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Malafaia et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo	Portugal	A carcharodontosaurian theropod. The type species is L. santosi.
Navajoceratops[141]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fowler & Freedman Fowler	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Kirtland	United States ( New Mexico)	A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. The type species is N. sullivani.
Omeisaurus puxiani[142]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tan et al.	Middle Jurassic	Shaximiao	China	A mamenchisaurid sauropod.
Overoraptor[143]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Motta et al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian)	Huincul	Argentina	A paravian theropod, possibly a relative of Rahonavis. Genus includes new species O. chimentoi.
Paraxenisaurus[144]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Serrano-Brañas et al.	Late Cretaceous	Cerro del Pueblo	Mexico	A deinocheirid ornithomimosaur theropod. Genus includes new species P. normalensis.
Riabininohadros[145]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Lopatin & Averianov	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		Ukraine	An ankylopollexian iguanodont. The type species is "Orthomerus" weberi Riabinin (1945).
Schleitheimia[146]	Gen. et sp. nov		Rauhut, Holwerda & Furrer	Late Triassic (Norian)	Klettgau	Switzerland	An early member of Sauropodiformes. The type species is S. schutzi.
Sinankylosaurus[147]	Gen. et sp. nov		Wang et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Wangshi	China	An ankylosaur. The type species is S. zhuchengensis.
Stellasaurus[148]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wilson, Ryan & Evans	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Two Medicine	United States ( Montana)	A centrosaurine ceratopsid. The type species is S. ancellae.
Terminocavus[141]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fowler & Freedman Fowler	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Kirtland	United States ( New Mexico)	A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. The type species is T. sealeyi.
Thanatotheristes[149]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Voris et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Foremost	Canada ( Alberta)	A tyrannosaurid theropod. Genus includes new species T. degrootorum.
Thanos[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Delcourt & Iori	Late Cretaceous (Santonian)	São José do Rio Preto Formation	Brazil	An abelisaurid theropod. Genus includes new species T. simonattoi. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Tralkasaurus[151]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cerroni et al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian)	Huincul	Argentina	An abelisaurid theropod. Genus includes new species T. cuyi. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2020.
Trierarchuncus[152]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fowler et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Hell Creek	United States ( Montana)	An alvarezsaurid theropod. The type species is T. prairiensis.
Vallibonavenatrix[153]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Malafaia et al.	Early Cretaceous (Barremian)	Arcillas de Morella	Spain	A spinosaurid theropod. Genus includes new species V. cani. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Wulong[154]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Poust et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Jiufotang	China	A microraptorine dromaeosaurid theropod. Genus includes new species W. bohaiensis.
Xunmenglong[155]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Xing et al.	Early Cretaceous	Huajiying	China	A compsognathid theropod. Genus includes new species X. yinliangis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Yamanasaurus[156]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Apesteguía et al.	Late Cretaceous	Río Playas	Ecuador	A saltasaurine titanosaur. Genus includes new species Y. lojaensis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Yunyangosaurus[157]	Gen. et sp. nov		Dai et al.	Middle Jurassic	Xintiangou	China	A tetanuran theropod, possibly a member of Megalosauroidea. The type species is Y. puanensis.

Birds

Research

• A study on the phylogenetic relationships and powered flight potential of early birds and their closest relatives is published by Pei et al. (2020), who argue that the potential for powered flight evolved at least 3 times (once in birds and twice in dromaeosaurids).[158]
• A study on patterns of evolution of avian brain size and its relationship with body size evolution, based on data from extant and fossil birds and from non-avian theropod dinosaurs, is published by Ksepka et al. (2020).[159]
• A study aiming to determine the volumes of the brain structures used to infer behavior or functional capabilities in Archaeopteryx lithographica, Lithornis plebius, Dinornis robustus, Paraptenodytes antarcticus, Psilopterus lemoinei, Llallawavis scagliai and an unnamed Miocene galliform is published by Early, Ridgely & Witmer (2020).[160]
• A study on the structure and possible function of the paddle-shaped skeletal elements preserved in the thoracic region of the skeleton of Jeholornis is published by Zheng et al. (2020), who interpret these elements as anomalously expanded sternal ribs.[161]
• A study on the anatomy of the skull of Sapeornis chaoyangensis is published by Hu et al. (2020).[162]
• New specimen of Longusunguis kurochkini, providing new information on the anatomy of this taxon and indicating that the plesiomorphic diapsid skull was retained by at least some basal enantiornithines, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation (China) by Hu et al. (2020).[163]
• An isolated foot of an enantiornithine consisting of complete metatarsals and digits, including the claws, is described from the Cretaceous Burmese amber by Xing et al. (2020).[164]
• New enantiornithine specimen preserving portions of two forelimbs and two feet, as well as associated feathers, is described from the Cretaceous Burmese amber by Xing et al. (2020), providing new evidence of a diversity of limb proportions and plumage patterns in the enantiornithine fauna from Myanmar.[165]
• Bailleul et al. (2020) confirm the presence of ovarian follicles in an enantiornithine specimen STM10–12 from the Lower Cretaceous of China.[166]
• New specimen of Protopteryx fengningensis, providing additional information on the plumage of this species, is described by O’Connor et al. (2020).[167]
• A feather fragment from an aquatic bird is reported from amber recovered from the Pipestone Creek bonebed from the Campanian Wapiti Formation (Alberta, Canada) by Cockx et al. (2020).[168]
• A tibiotarsus of a non-hesperornithid hesperornithiform is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Kita-ama Formation (Japan) by Tanaka et al. (2020), representing the first hesperornithiform record from marine Maastrichtian deposits in Asia reported so far, and indicating that the habitat of hesperornithiforms during the Maastrichtian extended to both terrestrial and marine environments in Asia and North America.[169]
• A study on the anatomy of the skeleton of Parahesperornis alexi is published by Bell & Chiappe (2020), who report that this taxon possessed a mosaic of basal and derived traits found among other hesperornithiform taxa.[170]
• A study on melanosome morphologies in two lithornithid specimens from the Eocene Green River Formation (United States), evaluating their implications for reconstructions of coloration in lithornithids and for the knowledge of color evolution in palaeognaths, is published by Eliason & Clarke (2020).[171]
• A study on the life history of the elephant birds, as indicated by bone histology, is published by Chinsamy et al. (2020).[172]
• A study on the evolutionary history of the ostriches in Africa and Eurasia during the Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene, as indicated by data from eggshell and bone fossil record, is published by Mikhailov & Zelenkov (2020).[173]
• Volkova & Zelenkov (2020) describe new fossil material of geese from the late Miocene locality Khyargas Nuur 2 in western Mongolia, and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the late Miocene evolution and paleogeography of geese.[174]
• A coracoid of a small-bodied paraortygid is reported from the Uinta Formation (Utah, United States) by Stidham, Townsend & Holroyd (2020), representing the only known pangalliform from the middle Eocene of North America, occurring in a temporal gap in their history between the early Eocene Gallinuloides wyomingensis and late Eocene Nanortyx inexpectus.[175]
• Barton et al. (2020) reinterpret purported chicken specimens from the Neolithic site at Dadiwan as remains of pheasants, and argue that these remains provide evidence of exploitation of grain-fed pheasants by early farmers in arid northwest China.[176]
• Lawal et al. (2020) report that chicken was domesticated 8,000 years ago from its primary ancestor, Red junglefowl and that the genome of chicken was subsequently enhanced through introgression with the other three junglefowls i.e. Grey junglefowl, Sri Lankan junglefowl, and Green junglefowl.[177]
• A study on the origin and history of domestication of chickens, as indicated by data from domestic chicken and wild jungle fowl genomes, is published by Wang et al. (2020), who interpret their findings as indicating that domestic chickens were initially derived from the red junglefowl subspecies Gallus gallus spadiceus, and that they interbred locally with other subspecies of the red junglefowl and with other jungle fowl species after their domestication.[178]
• A study comparing the osteology of plotopterids and Paleocene stem group penguins is published by Mayr et al. (2020).[179]
• A study on the morphological diversity of bills of extant and fossil penguins, and its relationship with feeding habits, is published by Chávez-Hoffmeister (2020).[180]
• Partial skeleton of an early penguin (possibly belonging to the species Muriwaimanu tuatahi), preserving the first complete wing of a Paleocene penguin reported so far and providing new information on the skeletal anatomy of this taxon, is described from the Waipara Greensand (New Zealand) by Mayr et al. (2020).[181]
• An articulated wing of Palaeeudyptes gunnari, preserving mineralized skin, is described from the Eocene (Lutetian) of Seymour Island (Antarctica) by Acosta Hospitaleche et al. (2020).[182]
• New fossil material of Anhinga pannonica is described from the Miocene (Tortonian) of the Hammerschmiede clay pit (Bavaria, Germany) by Mayr, Lechner & Böhme (2020), who also reinterpret the putative Miocene cormorant Phalacrocorax brunhuberi as another, previously misclassified, record of A. pannonica.[183]
• New fossil material of penguins and a member of Gruiformes is reported from the Eocene La Meseta and Submeseta Formations of the Seymour Island by Davis et al. (2020), supporting previously controversial reports of Gruiformes from Antarctica.[184]
• Partial tibiotarsus of an owl (possibly a member of Selenornithinae) is described from the Oligocene of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (Egypt) by Smith, Stidham & Mitchell (2020), representing the first occurrence of a fossil owl from the Paleogene of Africa reported so far.[185]
• A nearly complete passerine specimen is described from the early Oligocene of Revest-des-Brousses (Luberon, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France) by Riamon, Tourment & Louchart (2020), who interpret this specimen as a member of Tyranni, most likely belonging to the stem group of Tyrannida.[186]
• New fossil material of larks is reported from the late Pliocene localities in Transbaikalia (Russia) and Mongolia by Palastrova & Zelenkov (2020), who transfer the species Pliocalcarius orkhonensis to the genus Eremophila, and evaluate the implications of their findings for the knowledge of the evolutionary history of larks.[187]
• An exceptionally well-preserved bird carcass found in the Siberian permafrost and dated to approximately 44–49 ka BP is described by Dussex et al. (2020), who identify this specimen as a female horned lark, and evaluate the implications of this specimen for the knowledge of the evolution and biogeography of its species during the Pleistocene.[188]
• Flamingo-like and anatid-like fossil bird footprints will be described from the Vinchina Formation (Argentina) by Farina et al. (2020), who name new ichnotaxa Phoenicopterichnum lucioi and P. vinchinaensis.[189]
• A study on the impact of the climate changes of the last 35,000 years on small birds from the La Brea Tar Pits is published by Long, Prothero & Syverson (2020).[190]
• A study comparing predicted breeding and wintering distributions for landbird species identified from the La Brea Tar Pits during the Last Glacial Maximum, aiming to determine if niche models successfully predict species’ presence, to estimate the degree of species turnover, to evaluate the fluidity of life history strategies of birds from La Brea, and to compare niche breadths of bark-foraging birds from La Brea between the Last Glacial Maximum and the present, is published by Zink et al. (2020).[191]
• New fossil material of seabirds, including remains of the little auk or a related species, is reported from the Pleistocene Kazusa and Shimosa groups (Japan) by Watanabe et al. (2020), who interpret this finding as possible evidence that the little auk more widespread in the North Pacific in the middle Pleistocene than it is today.[192]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Aldiomedes[193]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mayr & Tennyson	Late Pliocene	Tangahoe	New Zealand	An albatross. The type species is A. angustirostris. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Antarcticavis[194]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cordes-Person et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Snow Hill Island	Antarctica	A bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Ornithuromorpha belonging to the group Ornithurae. The type species is A. capelambensis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2020.
Asio ecuadoriensis[195]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lo Coco, Agnolín & Carrión	Late Pleistocene		Ecuador	An owl, a species of Asio.
Asteriornis[196]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Field et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Maastricht	Belgium	An early member of Neornithes, occupying a position close to the last common ancestor of Galloanserae. Genus includes new species A. maastrichtensis.
Buteo sanfelipensis[197]	Sp. nov	Valid	Suárez	Quaternary	Las Breas de San Felipe tar seeps	Cuba	A species of Buteo.
Buteogallus royi[197]	Sp. nov	Valid	Suárez	Quaternary	Las Breas de San Felipe tar seeps	Cuba	A species of Buteogallus.
Chauvireria bulgarica[198]	Sp. nov		Boev	Early Pleistocene		Bulgaria	A member of the family Phasianidae.
Coragyps seductus[197]	Sp. nov	Valid	Suárez	Quaternary	Las Breas de San Felipe tar seeps	Cuba	A New World vulture.
?Crossvallia waiparensis[199]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mayr et al.	Paleocene	Waipara	New Zealand	A large-sized penguin. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Eudyptes atatu[200]	Sp. nov	Valid	Thomas, Tennyson, Scofield & Ksepka in Thomas et al.	Pliocene (Piacenzian)	Tangahoe	New Zealand	A crested penguin.
Gigantohierax itchei[197]	Sp. nov	Valid	Suárez	Quaternary	Las Breas de San Felipe tar seeps	Cuba	A member of the family Accipitridae
Icterus turmalis[201]	Sp. nov	Valid	Steadman & Oswald	Late Pleistocene	Talara tar seeps	Peru	A New World oriole.
Jacamatia[202]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Duhamel et al.	Early Oligocene		France	A member of the stem group of Galbulae. Genus includes new species J. luberonensis.
Khinganornis[203]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Longjiang	China	A derived member of Ornithuromorpha. Genus includes the new species K. hulunbuirensis.
Kompsornis[204]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang	China	A member of Jeholornithiformes. Genus includes new species K. longicaudus.
Linxiavis[205]	Gen. et sp. nov		Li et al.	Late Miocene	Liushu	China	A sandgrouse. The type species is L. inaquosus.
Milvago diazfrancoi[197]	Sp. nov	Valid	Suárez	Quaternary	Las Breas de San Felipe tar seeps	Cuba	A species of Milvago.
Mirusavis[206]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Early Cretaceous	Yixian	China	A member of Enantiornithes. The type species is M. parvus. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it is was published in 2020.
Molothrus resinosus[201]	Sp. nov	Valid	Steadman & Oswald	Late Pleistocene	Talara tar seeps	Peru	A cowbird.
?Palaeoplancus dammanni[207]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mayr & Perner	Eocene (Chadronian)	White River Group	United States ( Wyoming)	Probably a stem group representative of the family Accipitridae.
Phasianus bulgaricus[208]	Sp. nov	Valid	Boev	Miocene (Turolian)		Bulgaria	A species of Phasianus.
Primoptynx[209]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mayr, Gingerich & Smith	Eocene (Wasatchian)	Willwood	United States ( Wyoming)	A large-sized owl. Genus includes new species P. poliotauros.
Tongoenas[210]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Steadman & Takano	Pleistocene and Holocene		Tonga	A pigeon. Genus includes new species T. burleyi.
Tyto maniola[211]	Sp. nov	Valid	Suárez & Olson	Pleistocene			A species of Tyto.

Pterosaurs

Research

• A study on the ingroup relationships within Pterosauria is published by Baron (2020), who names new clades Zambellisauria and Caviramidae.[212]
• Mazin & Pouech (2020) describe non-pterodactyloid pterosaur tracks from the ichnological site known as "the Pterosaur Beach of Crayssac" (Tithonian; south-western France), evaluate the implications of these tracks for the knowledge of the terrestrial capabilities of non-pterodactyloid pterosaurs, and name a new ichnogenus Rhamphichnus.[213]
• A coleoid cephalopod specimen preserved with an associated tooth of a pterosaur (probably Rhamphorhynchus) is reported from the Upper Jurassic Altmühltal Formation (Germany) by Hoffmann et al. (2020), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of feeding behaviours of Rhamphorhynchus.[214]
• A study on changes in the skeletal anatomy during growth in Rhamphorhynchus muensteri is published by Hone et al. (2020), who consider it likely that R. muensteri was able to fly soon after hatching.[215]
• A well-preserved basihyal is reported for the first time in a pterosaur specimen (possibly belonging to the species Gladocephaloideus jingangshanensis) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) by Jiang et al. (2020).[216]
• Jacobs et al. (2020) describe new fossil material of pterosaurs from the Kem Kem Beds (Morocco), bringing the Kem Kem pterosaur fauna up to at least nine species (of which three are ornithocheirids), and confirming that toothed pterosaurs remained diverse during the mid-Cretaceous.[217]
• Fossil material of pterosaurs (including a large non-pteranodontian ornithocheiroid) is described from the Valanginian Rosablanca Formation by Cadena, Unwin & Martill (2020), representing the first record of pterosaurs from Colombia.[218]
• Averianov (2020) reassesses the taxonomy of the Lonchodectidae, transferring the species "Lonchodraco" machaerorhynchus (including L. microdon and Pterodactylus oweni) to the genus Ikrandraco. [219]
• An ornithocheirid metacarpus, representing one of the geologically youngest ornithocheirid remains reported worldwide, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of the Crema Bonfil quarry (Coahuila, Mexico) by Frey et al. (2020), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the extinction of the toothed pterosaurs during the Late Cretaceous.[220]
• New information on the anatomy of Dsungaripterus weii (especially on the palatal region), based on the study of new and previously collected specimens, is published by Chen et al. (2020).[221]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Afrotapejara [222]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Martill et al.	Cretaceous	Kem Kem	Morocco	A tapejarid pterosaur. Genus includes new species A. zouhri.
Albadraco [223]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Solomon et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Sard	Romania	An azhdarchid pterosaur. Genus includes new species A. tharmisensis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it is scheduled to be published in 2020.
Apatorhamphus[224]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	McPhee et al.	Middle Cretaceous (Albian/Cenomanian)	Kem Kem	Morocco	A possible chaoyangopterid azhdarchoid pterosaur. Genus includes new species A. gyrostega.[224]
Luchibang[225]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hone et al.	Early Cretaceous	Yixian	China	A member of the family Istiodactylidae. The type species is L. xinzhe.
Ordosipterus[226]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ji	Early Cretaceous	Luohandong	China	A member of the family Dsungaripteridae. The type species is O. planignathus.
Wightia [227]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Martill et al.	Early Cretaceous (Barremian)	Wessex	United Kingdom	A tapejarid pterosaur. Genus includes new species W. declivirostris.

Other archosaurs

Research

• A study on the anatomy, locomotion and phylogenetic relationships of Scleromochlus taylori is published by Bennett (2020).[228]
• An Otischalkian assemblage of lagerpetid and silesaurid fossils, including lagerpetid material of unusually large size assignable to Dromomeron, is described from the Los Esteros Member of the Santa Rosa Formation (New Mexico, United States) by Beyl, Nesbitt & Stocker (2020), who interpret this finding as evidence that lagerpetids achieved large body size earlier than previously recognized.[229]
• A study on the musculoskeletal apparatus and posture of Silesaurus opolensis, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of the fully erect limb posture in archosaurs, is published by Piechowski & Tałanda (2020).[230]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Kongonaphon[231]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kammerer et al.	Mid-to-Late Triassic	Isalo II	Madagascar	A member of the family Lagerpetidae. Genus includes new species K. kely.

References

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180. Martín Chávez-Hoffmeister (2020). "Bill disparity and feeding strategies among fossil and modern penguins". Paleobiology. 46 (2): 176–192. doi:10.1017/pab.2020.10.
181. Gerald Mayr; Vanesa L. de Pietri; Leigh Love; Al A. Mannering; Joseph J. Bevitt; R. Paul Scofield (2020). "First complete wing of a stem group sphenisciform from the Paleocene of New Zealand sheds light on the evolution of the penguin flipper". Diversity. 12 (2): Article 46. doi:10.3390/d12020046.
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183. Gerald Mayr; Thomas Lechner; Madelaine Böhme (2020). "The large-sized darter Anhinga pannonica (Aves, Anhingidae) from the late Miocene hominid Hammerschmiede locality in Southern Germany". PLOS ONE. 15 (5): e0232179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232179. PMC 7202596. PMID 32374733.
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188. Nicolas Dussex; David W. G. Stanton; Hanna Sigeman; Per G. P. Ericson; Jacquelyn Gill; Daniel C. Fisher; Albert V. Protopopov; Victoria L. Herridge; Valery Plotnikov; Bengt Hansson; Love Dalén (2020). "Biomolecular analyses reveal the age, sex and species identity of a near-intact Pleistocene bird carcass". Communications Biology. 3 (1): Article number 84. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0806-7. PMC 7035339. PMID 32081985.
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192. Junya Watanabe; Akihiro Koizumi; Ryohei Nakagawa; Keiichi Takahashi; Takeshi Tanaka; Hiroshige Matsuoka (2020). "Seabirds (Aves) from the Pleistocene Kazusa and Shimosa groups, central Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (5): e1697277. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1697277.
193. Gerald Mayr; Alan J. D. Tennyson (2020). "A small, narrow‐beaked albatross from the Pliocene of New Zealand demonstrates a higher past diversity in the feeding ecology of the Diomedeidae". Ibis. 162 (3): 723–734. doi:10.1111/ibi.12757.
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195. Gastón E. Lo Coco; Federico L. Agnolín; José Luis Román Carrión (2020). "Late Pleistocene owls (Aves, Strigiformes) from Ecuador, with the description of a new species". Journal of Ornithology. 161 (3): 713–721. doi:10.1007/s10336-020-01756-x.
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199. Gerald Mayr; Vanesa L. De Pietri; Leigh Love; Al Mannering; R. Paul Scofield (2020). "Leg bones of a new penguin species from the Waipara Greensand add to the diversity of very large-sized Sphenisciformes in the Paleocene of New Zealand". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 44 (1): 194–201. doi:10.1080/03115518.2019.1641619.
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209. Gerald Mayr; Philip D. Gingerich; Thierry Smith (2020). "Skeleton of a new owl from the early Eocene of North America (Aves, Strigiformes) with an accipitrid-like foot morphology". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Online edition: e1769116. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1769116.
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