Qigu Formation

Qigu Formation
Stratigraphic range: Oxfordian

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Qigu Formation; Stratigraphic range: Oxfordian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Underlies	Kalaza Formation
Overlies	Toutunhe Formation (Junggar) Qiketai Formation (equivalent unit in the Turpan Basin)
Thickness	Over 520 m (1,710 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Siltstone, sandstone
Location
Coordinates	43.6°N 87.3°E
Approximate paleocoordinates	42.9°N 97.5°E
Region	Xinjiang
Country	China
Extent	Southern Junggar Basin (blue); Turpan Basin (disputed) (cyan)
	Qigu Formation (China) Qigu Formation (Xinjiang)

The Qigu Formation is a Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) geologic formation in the Southern Junggar Basin in China. Indeterminate Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, including theropod teeth and a fibula.[1] a stegosaur dorsal vertebra[2] and a Eusauropod tooth.[3] Xinjiangtitan was erroneously thought to be from this formation, but it is actually from the older Qiketai Formation, which is in a different basin.[4] The term "Qigu Formation" is also used to sediments of equivalent age in the Turpan Basin, but this might better be treated as a separate formation. It is laterally equivalent to the Shishugou Formation. The remains of indeterminate rhamphorhynchid pterosaurs have been recovered from the formation.

Description

Basin history

Depositional environment

Fossil content

The "enormous" accumulation of Jurassic freshwater turtle fossils belonging to the genus Annemys, discovered in 2009 at a site nicknamed "Mesa Chelonia" in Shanshan County, Xinjiang is thought to likely belong to the Qigu Formation.[5][6]

Among others, the following fossils have been found in the formation:[7]

Mammaliamorphs[8]
Taxa	Species	Material	Location	Notes	Images
Nanolestes	N. mackennai		Liuhuanggou bonebed
Tegotherium	Indeterminate
Dsungarodon	D. zuoi			Docodontan
Sineleutherus	S. uyguricus
Eutriconodonta	Indeterminate

Flora

Other fossils

Paleoecology

Regional correlations

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References

Maisch, Michael W.; Matzke, Andreas T. (October 2003). "Theropods (dinosauria, saurischia) from the middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation of the Southern Junggar Basin, NW China". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 77 (2): 281–292. doi:10.1007/BF03006942. ISSN 0031-0220.
Wings, Oliver; Pfretzschner, Hans-Ulrich; Maisch, Michael W. (2007-01-01). "The first evidence of a stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang/China". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 243 (1): 113–118. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0243-0113. ISSN 0077-7749.
Maisch, Michael W.; Matzke, Andreas T. (2019-01-01). "First record of a eusauropod (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Qigu-Formation (southern Junggar Basin, China), and a reconsideration of Late Jurassic sauropod diversity in Xinjiang". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 291 (1): 109–117. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2019/0792. ISSN 0077-7749.
Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
Wings, Oliver; Rabi, Márton; Schneider, Jörg W.; Schwermann, Leonie; Sun, Ge; Zhou, Chang-Fu; Joyce, Walter G. (2012), "An enormous Jurassic turtle bone bed from the Turpan Basin of Xinjiang, China", Naturwissenschaften, 114 (11): 925–935, doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0974-5, PMID 23086389
Gannon, Megan (October 31, 2012), "Jurassic turtle graveyard found in China", Livescience.com
Qigu Formation at Fossilworks.org
Thomas Martin, Alexander O. Averianov and Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner (2010). "Mammals from the Late Jurassic Qigu Formation in the Southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China". Paleobiodiversity, Palaeoenvironments. 90 (3): 295–319. doi:10.1007/s12549-010-0030-4.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

Bibliography

Weishampel, David B.; Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska (eds.). 2004. The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, 1–880. Berkeley: University of California Press. Accessed 2019-02-21. ISBN 0-520-24209-2

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[1] Maisch, Michael W.; Matzke, Andreas T. (October 2003). "Theropods (dinosauria, saurischia) from the middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation of the Southern Junggar Basin, NW China". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 77 (2): 281–292. doi:10.1007/BF03006942. ISSN 0031-0220.

[2] Wings, Oliver; Pfretzschner, Hans-Ulrich; Maisch, Michael W. (2007-01-01). "The first evidence of a stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang/China". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 243 (1): 113–118. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0243-0113. ISSN 0077-7749.

[3] Maisch, Michael W.; Matzke, Andreas T. (2019-01-01). "First record of a eusauropod (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Qigu-Formation (southern Junggar Basin, China), and a reconsideration of Late Jurassic sauropod diversity in Xinjiang". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 291 (1): 109–117. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2019/0792. ISSN 0077-7749.

[dinosaurdistribution-4] Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.

[nws-5] Wings, Oliver; Rabi, Márton; Schneider, Jörg W.; Schwermann, Leonie; Sun, Ge; Zhou, Chang-Fu; Joyce, Walter G. (2012), "An enormous Jurassic turtle bone bed from the Turpan Basin of Xinjiang, China", Naturwissenschaften, 114 (11): 925–935, doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0974-5, PMID 23086389

[ls-6] Gannon, Megan (October 31, 2012), "Jurassic turtle graveyard found in China", Livescience.com

[FWQigu-7] Qigu Formation at Fossilworks.org

[Martin2010-8] Thomas Martin, Alexander O. Averianov and Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner (2010). "Mammals from the Late Jurassic Qigu Formation in the Southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China". Paleobiodiversity, Palaeoenvironments. 90 (3): 295–319. doi:10.1007/s12549-010-0030-4.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)