Stargard

Stargard [ˈstarɡart] (listen) (German: Stargard in Pommern; Kashubian: Stôrgard; Latin: Stargardia) is a city in northwestern Poland, with a population of 71,017 (2005). Situated on the Ina River it is the capital of Stargard County and since 1999 has been in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship; prior to that it was in the Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998).

For other uses, see Stargard (disambiguation).
Stargard
From top left, clockwise: St. John's Church, St. Mary's Church, Weavers' Tower and museum, National Music school, White Head Tower, Mill Gate, tire factory
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Stargard - Klejnot Pomorza
Stargard - Jewel of Pomerania
Stargard
Stargard
Coordinates: 53°20′N 15°2′E
Country Poland
Voivodeship West Pomeranian Voivodeship
CountyStargard
GminaStargard(urban gmina)
Established8th century
First mentioned1124
Town rights1243
Government
 • MayorRafał Zając
Area
 • Total48.1 km2 (18.6 sq mi)
Elevation
20 m (70 ft)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total70,534
 • Density1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
73-100
to 73-110
Area code(s)+48 91
Car platesZST
Websitehttp://www.stargard.pl

The city's name is of Pomeranian (Kashubian) origin and stands for old (stari) town/city (gard or gôrd).[1] It's one of the biggest towns of Szczecin agglomeration. Stargard is a major railroad junction, where the southwards connection from Szczecin splits into two directions - one towards Poznań and the other towards Gdańsk. There is also another minor line to Pyrzyce from the town.

From 1950 until December 31, 2015, the town was known as Stargard Szczeciński.[2]

History

Middle Ages
St. Mary's Church, a Gothic architecture masterpiece and Historic Monument of Poland

The settlement was founded in the 8th century at the site of the present-day district of Osetno near downtown Stargard.[3] In 967 it became part of the emerging Polish state under the first Polish rulers from the Piast dynasty.[3] Stargard was first mentioned in 1124,[4] when it was part of Poland under Bolesław III Wrymouth, and received Magdeburg city rights in 1243 from Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania. The name itself is a combination of two Slavic words: stari (old) and gard (town). In this connotation, the term gard is still being used by the only surviving Pomeranian language speakers, the Kashubs. However, some experts say that the name is of Scandinavian origin: starn (star) and gate (as in English).[5]

It was one of the most important towns and a major trade center of the Duchy of Pomerania, after it split off from Poland as a result of the 12th-century fragmentation of Poland. From 1283, the city had a port at the mouth of the Ina River in the nowadays abandoned village of Inoujście.[4] Defensive city walls were built in the 13th century, and expanded in the 14th, 15th and early 16th centuries.[6] In 1363 the city joined the Hanseatic League.

As a result of the ongoing fragmentation of Pomerania, in 1368 Stargard became part of the Duchy of Słupsk (Pomerania-Stolp) and in 1377 it became the capital of a separate eponymous duchy, which in 1403 fell back to Duchy of Słupsk, a vassal state of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1478 Stargard became part of the reunified Duchy of Pomerania.

In the meantime, the trade rivalry with the nearby city of Szczecin led to the outbreak of the Stargard-Szczecin war in 1454,[4] which ended in 1464. In 1477 Stargard helped Duke Wartislaw X recapture the town of Gartz during a Brandenburgian invasion.[7]

Modern period
Stargard in the 17th century

Stargard was part of the Duchy of Pomerania until its dissolution after the death of the last duke Bogislaw XIV in 1637.[4] During the Thirty Years' War the city was captured by Sweden in 1630.[6] It was besieged by the troops of the Holy Roman Empire in 1635,[8] and in order to hamper the attacks the Swedish commander set fire to the suburbs, causing a city fire, however it was still captured by imperial troops.[9] In 1636 it was recaptured by the Swedes, then it was taken and plundered by Imperial troops to fall back to the Swedes again after the Battle of Wittstock.[10] In 1637 it was again captured by Imperial troops and then by Sweden.[10] As a result of the war, the population decreased by about 75%.[11]

In accordance to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, in 1653 it was incorporated, together with the rest of Further Pomerania, into Brandenburg-Prussia.[4] In 1701 Stargard became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and in 1818, after the Napoleonic Wars, Stargard became part of the new district Szadzko (then officially Saatzig) within the Province of Pomerania. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the Prussians established a prisoner-of-war camp for French troops in the city.[12]

As a result of the unification of Germany in 1871 the city became part of the German Empire. On 1 April 1901 it became an independent city, separate from the Saatzig District. In the March 1933 German federal election the Nazi Party received 58.7% of the vote in the city.[13]

World War II
Stalag II-D, 1939–1945

In 1939, during the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, the Germans established the Dulag L temporary camp for Polish (including Kashubian) prisoners of war and civilians near Stargard, which in October 1939 was transformed into the large prisoner-of-war camp Stalag II-D.[14] Then, after the battle of France in 1940, also the French, the Dutch and Belgians were held there, from 1941 also Yugoslavian and Soviet POWs, from 1942 also thousands of Canadians captured at Dieppe, one of whom was Gerald MacIntosh Johnston, a Canadian actor, who was killed trying to escape, and after 1943 also Italians. The POWs were subjected to racial segregation, and Poles, Africans, Arabs, Jews and Soviet troops were separated from POWs of other nationalities, and subjected to worse treatment.[15] Serbs also faced more severe treatment.[16]

There was also a subcamp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp in the city, as well as seven forced labour camps.[4]

In February, 1945, one of the last German armored offensives, Operation Solstice, was launched from the Stargard area. The local population was evacuated by the Germans on the order of Heinrich Himmler before the approaching Soviets in the final stages of war.[11][3]

As a result of World War II the town again became part of Poland, under territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference. Polish local administration was appointed on March 23, 1945.[11] The town was repopulated by Poles, many of whom were displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union.

Post-war period

In 1950 the city was renamed Stargard Szczeciński by adding the adjective Szczeciński after the nearby city of Szczecin to distinguish it from Starogard Gdański in Gdańsk Pomerania.[11] In 1961 the city limits were expanded by including the settlement of Kluczewo as a new district.[4]

In 1979 the city suffered a flood.

In 1993 the city celebrated the 750th anniversary of receiving city rights.[11]

In 2004 a north-western part of the town was made into an industrial park - Stargardzki Park Przemysłowy. Another industrial park is located in the south - Park Przemysłowy Wysokich Technologii.

On January 1, 2016, the town was renamed Stargard.[2]

Landmarks and monuments
Sights of Stargard
Brama Młyńska
Renaissance Town Hall
A Gothic townhouse, today a music school
Arsenal
Medieval town walls with the Pyrzycka Gate
St. John's Church
Wałowa Gate
War cemetery

Heavy bombing during World War II devastated most of Stargard's fine historical sites and destroyed over 75% of the city. Some of these monuments, such as St. Mary’s Church (13th–15th century) and the 16th-century town hall, have been rebuilt.[17] The newly restored buildings are on the European Route of Brick Gothic. Some of the notable surviving examples include:

  • St. Mary's Church, a distinctive Brick Gothic landmark of the city, dating back to the 15th century, one of the largest brick churches in Europe, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland[18]
  • St. John's Church from the 15th century
  • Medieval fortifications, including ramparts, walls, gates and towers, also listed as a Historic Monument of Poland,[18] prime examples:
    • Brama Młyńska (The Mill Gate) from the 15th century, the only Polish water gate still in existence and one of two in Europe
    • Wałowa Gate from the 15th century
    • Pyrzycka Gate from the 13th century
    • Red Sea Tower (Baszta Morze Czerwone) from 1513
    • Weavers' Tower (Baszta Tkaczy) from the 15th century
    • White Head Tower (Baszta Białogłówka) from the 15th century
  • Renaissance town hall from the 16th century
  • Gothic tenement houses
  • Gothic Arsenal (Arsenał)

Other sites include:

Sport
Polish Basketball League match between Spójnia Stargard and Anwil Włocławek in Stargard in 2019

The city is home to Spójnia Stargard, a men's basketball team, which competes in the Polish Basketball League (the country's top division), 1997 runners-up, and Błękitni Stargard, formerly a multi-sports club, now a men's association football team, best known for reaching the Polish Cup semi-final in 2015.

Demographics
Youth Culture Centre
District court
Sugar refinery in the Kluczewo district
Number of inhabitants in years.[19][20][11][13]
Year Inhabitants
161812,000
16401,200
16883,600
1720400
17405,529
17825,612
17866,243
17945,971
18128,900
18168,042
18319,907
184311,192
185212,473
186114,168
187520,173
188522,112
190026,858
190526,907
191027,551
191328,000
192934,600
193335,773
193939,760
19452,870
195020,684
196033,650
197044,460
198059,227
199071,000
199572,254

Notable residents
Margaret, singer-songwriter

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — sister cities

Stargard is twinned with

In Fiction

In The Cross Time Engineer science fiction series of novels the main character falsely claims Stargard origin to conceal he is a time traveler

gollark: BREAKING NEWS: processors consume electrical energy to operate.
gollark: The idea is for the display to not be always-on.
gollark: It's a WATCH.
gollark: What, dis.cool?#
gollark: Okay, I will.]

References
Notes
  1. Brücker, Aleksander (1927). Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish). oboczne gard zachowały nazwy na Pomorzu (Stargard, ‘starogród’, ...)
  2. https://www.premier.gov.pl/wydarzenia/decyzje-rzadu/rozporzadzenie-w-sprawie-ustalenia-granic-niektorych-miast-nadania.html
  3. "O powiecie". BIP Starostwo Powiatowe w Stargardzie (in Polish). Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  4. "Stargard". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  5. Kociuba, Jarosław (2012). Pomorze - Praktyczny przewodnik turystyczny po ziemiach Księstwa Pomorskiego (in Polish). Szczecin: Walkowska Wydawnictwo. p. 422. ISBN 9788361805496.
  6. Grzegorz Podruczny Niezrealizowane projekty twierdzy w Stargardzie, "Stargardia X" (2015), p. 282 (in Polish)
  7. Gustav Kratz, Die Städte der Provinz Pommern. Abriss ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden, Berlin, 1865, p. 363
  8. Podruczny, p. 283
  9. Kratz (1865), p. 367-368
  10. Kratz (1865), p. 368
  11. "Stargard. Historia miejscowości". Wirtualny Sztetl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  12. Jolanta Aniszewska, W obowiązku pamięci... Stalag II D i formy upamiętnienia jeńców wojennych w Stargardzie Szczecińskim, "Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny" Tom 34, Opole, 2011, p. 11 (in Polish)
  13. "Stadtkreis Stargard". Verwaltungsgeschichte.de. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010.
  14. Aniszewska, p. 9, 14
  15. Aniszewska, p. 14
  16. Aniszewska, p. 17
  17. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/563628/Stargard-Szczecinski
  18. Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 17 września 2010 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Stargard Szczeciński - zespół kościoła pod wezwaniem Najświętszej Marii Panny Królowej Świata oraz średniowieczne mury obronne miasta", Dz. U. z 2010 r. Nr 184, poz. 1236
  19. Kratz (1865), p. 370
  20. Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 6th edition, vol. 18, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 857.


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