Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway)

Southern is the brand name used by the Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) train operating company on the Southern routes of the Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise in England.[1] It is a subsidiary of Govia, a joint venture between transport groups Go-Ahead and Keolis, and has operated the South Central rail franchise since August 2001 and the Gatwick Express service since June 2008. When the franchise was subsumed into GTR, Southern was split from Gatwick Express and the two became separate brands, alongside the Thameslink and Great Northern brands.

Southern

A Southern Class 377 standing at Milton Keynes Central in 2017
Overview
Franchise(s)	Network SouthCentral 26 August 2001 – 24 May 2003 South Central 25 May 2003 – 19 September 2009 Gatwick Express 22 June 2008 – 19 September 2009 South Central (incl Gatwick Express) 20 September 2009 – 25 July 2015 Part of Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern 26 July 2015 – September 2021
Main Region(s)	London, East & West Sussex, Surrey, Hampshire, Kent
Other Region(s)	Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire
Fleet size	20 Class 171 Turbostar sets 19 Class 313 sets 214 Class 377 Electrostar sets 46 Class 455 sets
Stations called at	213
Stations operated	156
Parent company	Govia Thameslink Railway
Reporting mark	SN
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	25 kV 50 hz AC OHLE 750 V DC third rail
Length	666.3
Other
Website	southernrailway.com
Route map

A sign at Brighton station showing the name change from South Central to Southern in August 2004.

Southern had the most dissatisfied passengers in Britain three years in a row, according to the national rail passenger surveys 2016, 2017 and 2018. In 2018 it scored poorly for reliability, punctuality and value for money.[2]

Southern operates the majority of commuter services from its Central London terminals at London Bridge and London Victoria to South London, East and West Sussex, as well as regional services in parts of Hampshire, Kent and Surrey. It also provides services between Milton Keynes and Croydon via the West London Line.

Major destinations served include: Beckenham Junction, Bexhill, Bognor Regis, Brighton, Caterham, Chichester, Crawley, Eastbourne, East Croydon, East Grinstead, Epsom, Epsom Downs, Gatwick Airport, Horsham, Mitcham Junction, Leatherhead, Littlehampton, Portsmouth Harbour, Redhill, Southampton Central, Sutton (London), Tattenham Corner, Uckfield and Worthing.

It also operates services from Hastings to Ashford, Brighton to Ore, Brighton to Seaford, Brighton to Southampton and East Croydon to Milton Keynes Central.

History

Following the end of British Rail, Connex South Central was awarded the Network SouthCentral franchise by the Director of Passenger Rail Franchising. Operations began on 26 May 1996.

In March 2000, the Shadow Strategic Rail Authority (SSRA) announced its intention to relet the franchise from May 2003 with Connex and Govia the shortlisted bidders.[3][4] In October 2000 the SSRA announced that Govia had been awarded the franchise and would operate it from May 2003.[5] Govia negotiated a deal with Connex to buy out the remainder of its franchise, this was completed in August 2001.[6][7][8] Govia trading as SouthCentral[9] took over operations on 26 August 2001. The franchise was originally to run for twenty years, but in 2002 the Strategic Rail Authority changed the way it handled financing agreements and therefore Govia was re-awarded with a seven-and-a-half-year franchise until December 2009.[5][10][11]

In May 2003 the franchise was rebranded as Southern in a recall of the pre-nationalisation Southern Railway, using a green roundel logo with Southern in yellow in a green bar.

In April 2007 the Department for Transport (DfT) announced that the Gatwick Express franchise was to be incorporated into the main South Central franchise.[12][13] This was part of a plan to increase capacity on the Brighton Main Line, involving the extension of peak-hour services from Gatwick to Brighton and Eastbourne from December 2008. This doubled the number of London to Brighton express trains during those periods.[14]

In December 2008, Southern took over the services on the Redhill to Tonbridge Line from Southeastern.[15]

The South Central franchise end date was brought forward to September 2009 upon the integration of the Gatwick Express service, to allow the new operator to be in place during major changes to the timetable in and around South London in December 2009.[16] In the run-up to the bidding process for the franchise, reports emerged suggesting that Transport for London, the operator of the London Overground service, wished to take control of all overground services in South London, including the 'Metro' area of the South Central franchise.[17][18] However, such a transfer never took place and the DfT put out the entire franchise for tender.

In August 2008 the DfT shortlisted Govia, National Express, NedRail and Stagecoach for the new South Central franchise.[19][20][21] In June 2009 the DfT announced that Govia had retained the franchise, to start on 20 September 2009.[22][23]

In March 2012 the Department for Transport announced that Abellio, FirstGroup, Govia, MTR and Stagecoach had been shortlisted for the new Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise.[24][25] The Invitation to Tender was to be issued in October 2012, with the successful bidder announced in spring 2013. However, in the wake of the collapse of the InterCity West Coast refranchising process, the government announced in October 2012 that the process would be put on hold pending the results of a review.[26]

In December 2012, Southern's London Victoria to London Bridge via Denmark Hill service ceased, being partially replaced by London Overground's new Clapham Junction to Dalston Junction service.

At the conclusion of the Southern franchise in July 2015, the South Central franchise was merged into the Govia Thameslink Railway franchise, which is run as a management contract rather than a traditional franchise.[27][28] However the Southern brand was retained.[29]

2007 & 2008 timetables

Southern was criticised for major changes to its timetables in December 2007 and December 2008.

In December 2007, Southern changed the arrangement for the splitting of services to and from London Victoria on the Arun Valley Line, opting to split trains at Horsham rather than Barnham. Some passengers criticised this change as it increased the journey time to and from London by up to 10 minutes from certain stations, while in the event of services running behind schedule, trains were sometimes not split at Horsham, and proceeded non-stop to Barnham, leaving Arun Valley commuters at Horsham with the prospect of no onward trains.[30]

In December 2008 further timetable changes included the introduction of the extended Gatwick Express services. However, reliability and timekeeping on some of the new services were considered poor, leading to several public meetings being held.[31][32][33] On 22 January 2009, Southern responded to some of these criticisms. During 2009 these services have recorded improved timekeeping and criticisms have since subsided.[34]

The new timetable also led to unhappiness due to the difference in speed and frequency of service between East Coastway services and those on the Brighton Main Line.[35][36]

December 2010 timetable

Further changes to the timetable were made in December 2010; the first timetable change to include many of the requirements of the new franchise. Additional services were included at evenings and weekends. In the London area a 'metro' frequency of service was introduced on most routes with the extension of the weekday daytime four-trains-per-hour norm to late evenings (up to around midnight), Saturdays and Sundays. In addition, new late-night services were introduced from London on Friday and Saturday nights with last trains leaving central London at around 00:30.[37]

Outside London, a new later-evening service was introduced to Uckfield from London Bridge, new late-night services from Brighton along the West Coastway line and direct services between Southampton and Brighton on Sundays.[37]

Punctuality and overcrowding

In January 2015 Southern hit controversy when it was revealed that the 7.29am Brighton to London Victoria train failed to get in on time on any occasion out of all 240 attempts in 2014.[38] Later in May 2015 it was revealed that Southern had fined passengers for standing in first class on an overcrowded train.[39] Only 20% of Southern trains arrived on time in the year from April 2015 to March 2016, and there was an ongoing industrial dispute over driver-only operated trains.[40][41] In late 2016, the Transport Select Committee told ministers to "get a grip" on railway franchises, with their report asking if the train operator was in breach of their contractual obligations due to the large number of cancelled trains, and went on to say, "in normal circumstances, this would be grounds for termination of the contract".[42][43]

2016 amended timetable

In 2016, the company introduced an "amended timetable [that] would be a temporary measure until staffing returned to normal" to be announced on 5 July. The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) trade union said that 350 services would be cancelled every day (the company ran 2,242 weekday services in the previous timetable). The company said it had insufficient personnel, and too many were taking sick leave; the union denied that high levels of sickness were the cause of cancellations, while agreeing that there were an insufficient number of guards and drivers.[44]

The government Department for Transport said that the situation was unacceptable. While the company was obliged to notify the Department in advance, this did not amount to giving the company permission for the changes. The RMT union general secretary Mick Cash said the government had permitted GTR to introduce the emergency timetable, but that it was "nothing to do with staff sickness and everything to do with gross mismanagement of this franchise and the failure to employ enough guards and drivers. ... a cynical and cowardly ploy".[44]

The London Evening Standard mentioned Southern in an article in June 2016 "Southern rail suggests commuter goes on 100 mile detour to Clapham instead of her normal six minute journey".[45] In June 2016, amongst criticism of the performance of its services, Go-Ahead warned of lower than anticipated profits on its Govia Thameslink Railway franchises, leading to an 18% drop in the Go-Ahead share price.[46]

From 31 October 2016, Southern restored the full weekday timetable.[47]

Control of doors and strikes

A map of Metro Route services operated by Southern, as of December 2016.

In 2016, Southern altered its method of door operation, with control of the doors moving from the conductor to the driver. Southern said this would allow the conductor to concentrate on the passengers, but the RMT and Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (ASLEF) unions said that it was an attempt to make conductors unnecessary and would be unsafe. The rail safety regulator, the Rail Standards and Safety Board has said that "We have 30 years of data which we have analysed. We have found that the driver performing the task does not increase the risk to passengers at all."[48] In 2016, the RMT and ASLEF unions went on strike over the changes, causing severe disruption to Southern services.[49] The strikes continued into 2017.[50]

The BBC suggested that the RMT union are particularly worried about the new method of operation because if drivers (rather than conductors) control the doors then trains could run without conductors and thus any strike by conductors would not have the power to cancel trains.[51]

In December 2016, it was announced that the government would pay £50 million to Southern to cover the costs of the disruption caused by the strikes, due to a deal between the government and Southern. This deal means that the government pays £38 million for lost revenue and £15 million in compensation to passengers. This deal also means that Govia Thameslink Railway will save around £1.1 million in pay for striking workers.[52] Commentators argue that the government gave a management contract rather than a normal franchise to GTR in order to push through DOO. The management contract meant that GTR did not have the incentive to resolve strikes as a normal franchisee would have, as the government lost money from strikes rather than GTR.[53][54]

On 2 February 2017, the TUC announced that talks between Southern and ASLEF had reached an agreement meaning that the dispute with ASLEF had been resolved. However, the RMT union said it was 'betrayed' by Southern, strikes by the RMT will continue.[55]

Commencing 29 June 2017, ASLEF implemented an overtime ban, aiming to highlight a claimed failure by Southern to recruit adequate staff.

Routes

The network of services operated by Southern includes local suburban ("Metro") services in South London and regional services extending into the southern Home Counties. All routes are south of the river Thames, with the exception of the West London Route service, which crosses London via Shepherd's Bush and runs up the West Coast Main Line to Milton Keynes. Along with the Thameslink and future Crossrail route, this provides one of the few long-distance National Rail routes to run right across London instead of terminating at one of the London rail termini. Southern routes which do not serve London include the West Coastway and East Coastway Lines along the south coast of both East and West Sussex, Kent and Hampshire. Details of each route, including maps and timetables, are on Southern's website (see External links below). As of May 2020, the off-peak Monday-Saturday service pattern, with frequencies in trains per hour (tph), consists of:[56]

Brighton Mainline
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
London Victoria to Littlehampton	2	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport, Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill, Hassocks, Preston Park, Hove, Portslade, Shoreham-by-Sea, Lancing (1tph), Worthing, West Worthing, Durrington-on-Sea, Goring-by-Sea, Angmering		377
London Victoria to Eastbourne	1	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport, Haywards Heath, Wivelsfield, Cooksbridge, Lewes, Polegate, Hampden Park		377
London Victoria to Ore	1	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport, Haywards Heath, Wivelsfield, Plumpton, Lewes, Polegate, Eastbourne, Hampden Park, Pevensey & Westham, Cooden Beach, Collington, Bexhill, St Leonards Warrior Square, Hastings Trains reverse at Eastbourne, and only call at Hampden Park once.		377
London Victoria to Brighton	2	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport, Haywards Heath		377
Arun Valley
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
London Victoria to Southampton Central and Bognor Regis via Crawley	1	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport, Three Bridges, Crawley, Horsham The two portions divide/attach at Horsham.		377
		Southampton Central portion: Barnham, Chichester, Southbourne, Emsworth, Havant, Cosham, Portchester, Fareham, Swanwick	Bognor Regis portion: Christ's Hospital, Billingshurst, Pulborough, Amberley, Arundel, Ford, Barnham
London Victoria to Portsmouth Harbour and Bognor Regis via Crawley	1	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport, Three Bridges, Crawley, Horsham The two portions divide/attach at Horsham.		377
		Portsmouth Harbour portion: Barnham, Chichester, Havant, Fratton, Portsmouth & Southsea	Bognor Regis portion: Billingshurst, Pulborough, Arundel, Ford, Barnham
Coastway East
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
Brighton to Lewes	2	London Road, Moulsecoomb, Falmer		313
Brighton to Seaford	2	London Road, Moulsecoomb, Falmer, Lewes, Southease (1tph), Newhaven Town, Newhaven Harbour, Bishopstone		313
Brighton to Hastings	1	Moulsecoomb, Falmer, Lewes, Berwick, Polegate, Hampden Park, Eastbourne, Hampden Park (Brighton-bound only), Pevensey & Westham (Brighton-bound only), Bexhill, St Leonards Warrior Square Trains reverse at Eastbourne. Trains call at Hampden Park once towards Hastings but twice towards Brighton.		377 or 387
Brighton to Ore	1	Falmer, Lewes, Glynde, Polegate, Eastbourne, Hampden Park (Ore-bound only), Pevensey & Westham (Ore-bound only), Bexhill, St Leonards Warrior Square, Hastings Trains reverse at Eastbourne. Trains call at Hampden Park once, towards Ore only.		377 or 387
Eastbourne to Ashford International	1	Hampden Park, Pevensey & Westham, Pevensey Bay (limited), Normans Bay, Cooden Beach, Collington, Bexhill, St Leonards Warrior Square, Hastings, Ore, Three Oaks (1tp2h), Doleham (limited), Winchelsea (1tp2h), Rye, Appledore, Ham Street Three Oaks and Winchelsea are served by alternate trains.		171
Coastway West
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
Brighton to Hove	2			313
Brighton to West Worthing	2	Hove, Aldrington, Portslade, Fishersgate, Southwick, Shoreham-by-Sea, Lancing, East Worthing, Worthing		313
Brighton to Southampton Central	1	Hove, Portslade, Southwick, Shoreham-by-Sea, Lancing, Worthing, West Worthing, Durrington-on-Sea, Goring-by-Sea, Angmering, Ford, Barnham, Chichester, Emsworth, Havant, Cosham, Fareham, Swanwick		377
Brighton to Portsmouth Harbour	1	Hove, Portslade, Southwick, Shoreham-by-Sea, Lancing, Worthing, Angmering, Barnham, Chichester, Southbourne, Emsworth, Havant, Fratton, Portsmouth & Southsea		377
Littlehampton to Portsmouth & Southsea	1	Ford, Barnham, Chichester, Fishbourne, Bosham, Nutbourne, Southbourne, Emsworth, Warblington, Havant, Bedhampton, Hilsea, Fratton		313
Littlehampton to Bognor Regis	1	Ford, Barnham		313
Barnham to Bognor Regis	1			313
Oxted
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
London Victoria to East Grinstead	2	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Sanderstead, Riddlesdown, Upper Warlingham, Woldingham, Oxted, Hurst Green, Lingfield, Dormans		377
London Bridge to Uckfield	1	East Croydon, Oxted, Hurst Green, Edenbridge Town, Hever, Cowden, Ashurst, Eridge, Crowborough, Buxted		171
Redhill
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
London Victoria to Reigate	2	Clapham Junction, East Croydon, Purley, Coulsdon South, Merstham, Redhill		377
Redhill to Tonbridge	1	Nutfield, Godstone, Edenbridge, Penshurst, Leigh		377
West London
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
Milton Keynes Central to East Croydon	1	Bletchley, Leighton Buzzard, Tring, Berkhamsted, Hemel Hempstead, Watford Junction, Harrow & Wealdstone, Wembley Central, Shepherd's Bush, Kensington (Olympia), West Brompton, Imperial Wharf, Clapham Junction, Balham, Streatham Common, Norbury, Thornton Heath, Selhurst		377
Metro
Route	tph	Calling at		Stock
London Victoria to Dorking (and Horsham) via Carshalton	2	Clapham Junction, Carshalton, Sutton, Cheam, Epsom, Ashtead, Leatherhead, Box Hill & Westhumble (1tph); 1tph extended to/from Horsham, calling at Holmwood, Ockley and Warnham Box Hill & Westhumble is served by trains to/from Horsham.		377
London Victoria to Epsom via Carshalton	2	Clapham Junction, Balham, Mitcham Eastfields, Mitcham Junction, Hackbridge, Carshalton, Sutton, Cheam, Ewell East		377
London Victoria to Sutton (and Epsom Downs) via Norbury	4	Battersea Park, Clapham Junction, Wandsworth Common, Balham, Streatham Common, Norbury, Thornton Heath, Selhurst, West Croydon, Waddon, Wallington, Carshalton Beeches; 2tph extended to/from Epsom Downs, calling at Belmont and Banstead.		377 or 455
London Victoria to West Croydon via Gipsy Hill	2	Battersea Park, Clapham Junction, Wandsworth Common, Balham, Streatham Hill, West Norwood, Gipsy Hill, Crystal Palace, Norwood Junction		377
London Victoria to London Bridge via Gipsy Hill	2	Battersea Park, Clapham Junction, Wandsworth Common, Balham, Streatham Hill, West Norwood, Gipsy Hill, Crystal Palace Services continue to London Bridge via Sydenham (see below).		377
London Bridge to London Victoria via Sydenham	2	New Cross Gate, Brockley, Honor Oak Park, Forest Hill, Sydenham, Crystal Palace Services continue to London Victoria via Gipsy Hill (see above).		377
London Bridge to Coulsdon Town via Sydenham	2	New Cross Gate, Brockley, Honor Oak Park, Forest Hill, Sydenham, Penge West, Anerley, Norwood Junction, East Croydon, South Croydon, Purley Oaks, Purley, Reedham		455
London Bridge to Epsom	2	Norwood Junction, West Croydon, Waddon, Wallington, Carshalton Beeches, Sutton, Cheam, Ewell East		377
London Bridge to Caterham and Tattenham Corner	2	East Croydon, South Croydon, Purley Oaks, Purley The two portions divide/attach at Purley.		377
		Caterham portion: Kenley, Whyteleafe, Whyteleafe South	Tattenham Corner portion: Reedham, Coulsdon Town, Woodmansterne, Chipstead, Kingswood, Tadworth
London Bridge to Caterham via Peckham Rye and Norbury	2	South Bermondsey, Queens Road Peckham, Peckham Rye, East Dulwich, North Dulwich, Tulse Hill, Streatham, Streatham Common, Norbury, Thornton Heath, Selhurst, East Croydon, Purley, Kenley, Whyteleafe, Whyteleafe South		455
London Bridge to Beckenham Junction via Peckham Rye	2	South Bermondsey, Queens Road Peckham, Peckham Rye, East Dulwich, North Dulwich, Tulse Hill, West Norwood, Gipsy Hill, Crystal Palace, Birkbeck		455

Southern exterior signage at Norwood Junction station (now replaced by London Overground signage)

Rolling stock

Most Southern routes are operated using electric multiple units, but the London Bridge-East Croydon-Oxted-Uckfield and Eastbourne-Hastings-Rye-Ashford International routes are not fully electrified and are operated using diesel multiple units.

South Central inherited a fleet of Class 205, Class 207, Class 319, Class 421, Class 423, Class 455 and Class 456 multiple-unit trains from Connex South Central. Southern inherited a Class 73 locomotive and Class 460 Juniper trains from Gatwick Express.

A franchise commitment was to replace all the Mark 1 slam-door stock, resulting in Southern ordering 28 three-car DC, 139 four-car DC and 15 four-car dual-voltage Class 377 Electrostars in September 2001 and March 2002 to replace the Class 421, Class 422 and Class 423s.[57]

In August 2002 Southern ordered nine two-car and six four-car Class 171 Turbostars to replace the Class 205s and Class 207s on the routes that are not fully electrified.[58] In 2006 a tenth two-car Class 171 was transferred from South West Trains.

In 2007, Southern ordered 12 four-car, dual-voltage Class 377/5 Electrostars to replace the remaining twelve Class 319s for transfer to First Capital Connect. In March 2008 Go Ahead purchased a further 11 Class 377/5s. All 23 ended up being sublet to First Capital Connect to provide extra stock for the Thameslink Programme Key Output Zero changes from March 2009.

To provide stock for the extended Gatwick Express services to Brighton, in 2008 Southern leased 17 Class 442 Wessex Electrics withdrawn by South West Trains in early 2007. After retaining the franchise in 2009, Southern leased the remaining seven Class 442s. The last of the Class 460 Junipers were withdrawn in September 2012.

To release Class 377/3s for use on London suburban services, Southern introduced a fleet of ex-London Overground Class 313s on the Coastway lines from May 2010.[59][60]

In 2011, Southern announced that, because of delays in procuring new trains for the Thameslink Programme, the 23 Class 377/5s on sub-lease to First Capital Connect would not be returned in time to deliver the operator's planned capacity increases from the December 2013 timetable change. It therefore began a process to procure 130 new vehicles.[61] It was announced in December 2011 that Bombardier had been contracted to supply 26 five-car Class 377/6s.[62] In November 2012 it was announced that an option for a further 40 vehicles was being exercised.[63]

All twenty-four Class 456s were transferred to South West Trains in 2014 after the introduction of the Class 377/6 fleet.

In April 2016, Southern commenced a lease for nine three-carriage Class 170s last used by First ScotRail from Eversholt Rail Group. Four (170421-424) moved to Wolverton railway works in 2015 and were reconfigured as two two-carriage and two four-carriage Class 171s. The other five (170416-420) remain in Scotland on sub-lease to Abellio ScotRail and were scheduled to move to Southern in 2018.[64][65][66] However, this will no longer occur, with these along with 12 of Southern's existing Class 171s (including the /2s and /4s) moving to East Midlands Railway in 2021.

Current fleet

Class	Image	Type	Top speed		Number	Cars per set	Routes operated	Built
			mph	km/h
Southern
171 Turbostar		DMU	100	160	171/2 - 2	2	Oxted Line (Uckfield branch) Marshlink Line	2003–2004
					171/4 - 2	4
					171/7 - 10[67]	2
					171/8 - 6[67]	4
313		EMU	75	120	19	3	West Coastway Line East Coastway Line	1976–1977
377 Electrostar		EMU	100	160	377/1 - 62	4	Entire Southern network apart from Oxted to Uckfield and Ore to Ashford International	2001-2005
					377/2 - 15	4
					377/3 - 28	3
					377/4 - 75	4
					377/6 - 26	5		2012-2014
					377/7 - 8 [68]	5
455/8		EMU	75	120	46[69]	4	Metro and commuter services from London Victoria and London Bridge	1982–1984

Past fleet

Former units operated by Southern include:

Class	Image	Type	Built	Withdrawn	Notes
205 (3H)		DMU	1957–60	2004	Replaced by Class 171. Some preserved.
207 (3D)			1962
319		EMU	1987	2008	Transferred to First Capital Connect after being made redundant by newer Class 377 trains.
350/1 Desiro		EMU	2004-05	2009	These trains were subleased from London Midland from 2008-09, to provide cover for Class 377 units subleased to First Capital Connect. After newer Class 377 trains were built, these units were returned to London Midland.[70]
421 (4Cig)		EMU	1964–66	2005	Replaced by Class 377. Some preserved.
423 (4Vep)			1967–71
456		EMU	1990–91	2014	Transferred to South West Trains after being made redundant by newer Class 377/6s.

Depots

Southern's fleet is maintained at Brighton Lovers Walk and Selhurst depots. The Gatwick Express fleet is maintained at Stewarts Lane. Since December 2014, the Class 455 fleet is now maintained at Stewarts Lane (having transferred from Selhurst).

Light maintenance is also carried out at Littlehampton for the electric fleet, and St Leonards for the class 171 fleet when on Marshlink services.

Future

Southern, as part of its successful bid for the South Central franchise in 2009, made several commitments to improving services across the network.[23] These included:

• Increasing the length of suburban services in South London to 10 cars between 2011 and 2013
• Increasing the service level on all routes in South London to 4 trains per hour (tph) until 23:00 each day, and the introduction of late-night services on Fridays and Saturdays
• The introduction of an hourly service on Sundays between Brighton and Southampton Central, and an increase in the number of late-night services between Brighton and Worthing
• The introduction of late-night services on the London to Uckfield route
• Installation of new ticket gates at 22 stations across the network
• Increasing the number of car-parking spaces at stations by 1,000 and the number of cycle spaces by 1,500
• Cleaning and refreshing of all stations and trains on the network
• Major refurbishments to seven stations: Brighton, Haywards Heath, Hove, Lewes, Redhill, Three Bridges and Worthing

Uckfield–Lewes line

The franchise consultation paper released at the beginning of the 2009 franchising process stated that the ultimate franchise agreement would include a change mechanism to enable the DfT to incorporate additional routes into the South Central franchise, and it invited bidders to submit priced options for schemes put forward by stakeholders. One such scheme could, as indicated in the South Central Franchise Consultation Paper, be the reopening of the Uckfield – Lewes line, closed in 1969.[71] In recent years, several interested parties have been examining the possibility of reopening the line.[72][73]

Future of the franchise

In January 2016, Transport for London announced a proposal to take over the London suburban parts of the franchise in 2021 through a partnership with the Department for Transport to form a new suburban metro service.[74] However, the plan was rejected by Transport Secretary Chris Grayling in December 2016.[75] In November 2017, the Government announced it was investigating the possibility of transferring some of the Southern routes to TfL after the franchise expires in 2021.[76]

In January 2017, it was reported that the Department for Transport was considering temporarily renationalising the franchise if the service did not improve.[77]

Rolling out of smartcards

Southern and sister company Southeastern were criticised in January 2007 for not wishing to introduce Oyster Pay As You Go on its London routes, stating that it was not financially viable. In 2007 Southern introduced Oyster on its Watford Junction to Clapham Junction route,[78] and the company later agreed in principle to the introduction of Oyster across its network,[79] but did not give any firm timescale, managing director Chris Burchell saying

"There are still a number of outstanding issues that need to be discussed with TfL, but we do not believe these will prevent us making PAYG a reality on our network. We look forward to discussions with TfL on how we can make this happen as soon as possible for our passengers."[80]

In its successful franchise bid in 2009, Southern said it was committed to rolling out Oyster Pay As You Go in the London area, but also that such a move was subject to industry agreement.[23] Since 2 January 2010, Oyster Pay As You Go has been valid on all its London routes, along with most other train services in the London area. In addition, Oyster is valid on Southern services beyond the Greater London boundary as far as Epsom, Epsom Downs, Tattenham Corner, Upper Warlingham, Caterham and Gatwick Airport.

The Key

In 2012, Southern became the first rail company in England to use the ITSO card on its network. The Key is a smartcard similar to Transport for London's Oyster card. Tickets for the smartcard are available only in Single, Return, Weekly, Monthly and Annual Season tickets.[81] Southern plans to add a Pay-As-You-Go option in the near future, but tests on this are still in progress.[82] There are three types of The Key smartcards: Child, Adult and Staff. All child smartcards need a photograph to prove the age of the holder, while adults who wish to use their smartcard only for single and return tickets do not require a picture. The Key is insured so that if lost or stolen it can be de-activated and the tickets transferred to a new card sent out in the post.[82]

The Key allows customers to buy Plusbus for the Crawley and Brighton areas. This is because Metrobus (which operates in Crawley) and Brighton and Hove Buses are owned by Go-Ahead Group, Southern's parent company. Brighton & Hove Buses also uses The Key on its buses but it is not possible to use a B&H bus key on Southern and vice versa at the moment unless using Plusbus. Southern is looking to change this by the end of 2013.[82]

The Key operates only at stations managed by Southern and outside London because it is not currently compatible with the Oyster card readers. Southern has been working with Transport for London and the Department for Transport to change this, and the Oyster card readers should be compatible by December 2013.[82]

Southern operated a pilot for The Key between Brighton and Seaford in 2010 as these stations are served only by Southern trains (with the exception of Brighton). This was a success and so in 2012 it began to gradually expand across the network. Originally the only ticket type available on The Key was season tickets; in August 2013 Southern added Return and Single tickets to The Key.

As of January 2020, The Key is available on the entire Southern network with the exception of the West Coastway Line west of Warblington, the West London Line north of Harrow & Wealdstone and the Mole Valley Line between Bookham and Guildford (which has a limited Southern service).[83]

See also

• Rail transport in Great Britain
• Commuter rail in the United Kingdom

References

1. Companies House extract company no 6574965 Archived 13 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Southern Railway Limited
2. "Southern Rail voted UK's worst train service for third year in a row". The Independent. 16 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
3. "South Central rail franchise Due this Month" (Press release). Shadow Strategic Rail Authority. 10 October 2000.
4. "Six Companies Shortlisted for First Franchise Replacement Round" (Press release). Shadow Strategic Rail Authority. 14 March 2000.
5. "Connex loses rail franchise". BBC News. 24 October 2000. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
6. Proposed acquisition by Govia Limited of Connex South Central Limited Archived 29 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Office of Fair Trading. 16 August 2001.
7. "Completion of Acquisition of South Central Franchise" (Press release). Go-Ahead. 28 August 2001. Archived from the original on 21 October 2001.
8. Annual Accounts 2001 Archived 23 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Go-Ahead Group. 30 June 2001.
9. Companies House extract company no 3010919 Archived 13 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. New Southern Railway Limited formerly South Central Limited.
10. Rail (Peterborough). Issue 444. 18 September 2002. p. 6.
11. Entrain (19). Sheffield. 30 July 2003. p. 9. Missing or empty |title= (help)
12. (DFT) Agreement signed to amend Gatwick Express and Southern franchises. whitehallpages Archived 2 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
13. "Agreement to amend the Gatwick Express and Southern Franchises" (Press release). Go-Ahead. 19 June 2007. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012.
14. "Gatwick service benefits Brighton". BBC News. 14 December 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
15. December 2008 timetable change Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Southeastern News. 4 December 2008.
16. "Agreement signed to amend Gatwick Express and Southern franchises". Department for Transport. 19 June 2007. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007.
17. "Next stop South London". The Londoner. Greater London Authority. 8 March 2008. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009.
18. "UK govt mulling handover of part of Go-Ahead's Southern franchise to TfL". Forbes. New York. 10 March 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
19. "Bidders for South Central franchise announced" (Press release). Department for Transport. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013.
20. "Bidders for South Central franchise announced" (Press release). Department for Transport. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
21. "Nat Exp and Stagecoach on rail bid shortlist". Reuters. 20 August 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
22. "Retention of South Central franchise" (Press release). Go-Ahead. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2011.
23. "More frequent and more secure rail services for London and the South East" (Press release). Department for Transport. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
24. "Thameslink Franchise OJEU Notice" (PDF). Department for Transport. 19 December 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
25. "Bidders to oversee improvements on rail franchises announced" (Press release). Department for Transport. 29 March 2012.
26. "West Coast Main Line franchise competition cancelled" (Press release). Department for Transport. 3 October 2012.
27. Official Journal of the European Union Notice Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Department for Transport. 19 December 2011.
28. Consultation on the Combined Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise Archived 17 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Department for Transport. May 2012.
29. Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise Archived 20 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine Go-Ahead Group
30. "Rail revolt as trains dump passengers". West Sussex County Times. Horsham. 20 January 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
31. "Commuters form pressure group". Eastbourne Herald. 8 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
32. "Record of Meetings". Southern East Coastway Commuters. 24 January 2009. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
33. "News Christmas 2008". Bexhill Rail Action Group. Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
34. "News – Southern Railway". Southern. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
35. "BRAG's Faster Trains Campaign". Bexhill Rail Action Group. January 2009. Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
36. "Rail users want faster trains". Eastbourne Herald. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
37. "December timetable changes announced : Southern". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
38. "Britain's worst train service: Southern's 7.29 Brighton to London train was late every day for a year". The Daily Telegraph. London. 12 January 2015.
39. "Southern Railway fines passengers forced to stand in first class". The Daily Telegraph. London. 19 May 2015.
40. Joseph Watts (17 June 2016). "Govia Thameslink Railway boss refuses to defend CEO £2m pay". Evening Standard. London. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
41. Craig Richard (17 June 2016). "Boss of Epsom's main train operator Govia Thameslink Railway takes home £2.1m paycheck despite "appalling service"". Your Local Guardian. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
42. "MPs urge ministers to 'get a grip' in midst of Southern strike woes". BBC News. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
43. "Rail strike: MPs tell government to 'get a grip' on franchises". The Week UK. 14 September 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
44. "Southern rail timetable 'loses 350 trains a day'". BBC News. 4 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
45. "Southern rail suggests commuter goes 100 mile detour to Clapham instead of her normal six minute journey". London Evening Standard. 15 June 2016.
46. "Thameslink woes hit Go-Ahead shares". BBC News. 14 June 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
47. "Southern restores more services to the timetable". Southern Railway. 20 October 2016.
48. "RSSB: "No evidence of increased risk" from DOO".
49. "Southern rail and unions to hold new talks over strikes".
50. "Southern railway pre-Christmas strike dates changed". 1 December 2016 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
51. "The politics behind the Southern rail dispute".
52. Swinford, Steven (13 December 2016). "Taxpayers foot £50m bill for Southern rail strike chaos as ministers prepare to tighten law". The Telegraph. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
53. "Why Southern Rail's Strikes May Go On For Years".
54. "The Southern Rail mess isn't a privatisation failure – it's a return to the 1970s".
55. "Statement on the successful resolution to talks between GTR (Southern Rail) and ASLEF".
56. Table 170 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (via Selhurst)
    Table 171 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (via Gipsy Hill)
    Table 172 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Sutton and Epsom Downs services)
    Table 173 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (via Peckham Rye)
    Table 176 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (West London Line services)
    Table 177 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (via Sydenham)
    Table 180 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Epsom, Dorking and Horsham services)
    Table 181 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Tattenham Corner and Caterham services)
    Table 182 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (via Oxted)
    Table 183 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Redhill services)
    Table 184 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Brighton Main Line services)
    Table 186 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Arundel Line and via Chichester)
    Table 188 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (West Coastway Line via Worthing)
    Table 189 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Lewes and Seaford services)
    Table 190 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Eastbourne and Ore services)
    Table 192 National Rail timetable, May 2020 (Marshlink Line services)
57. Rail (Peterborough). Issue 431. 20 March 2002.
58. Rail (Peterborough). Issue 442. 21 August 2002.
59. "Class 313s come to Southern" Archived 20 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Southern Electric Group.
60. Rail (Peterborough). Issue 629. 21 October 2009.
61. "Southern to order more trains as Thameslink slips". Railnews. 19 September 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
62. "Bombardier Wins Additional Order for 130 Electrostar Cars from Southern in the UK" (Press release). Bombardier. 28 December 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
63. "DfT acts to ease Thameslink trains logjam". Railnews. 16 November 2012.
64. Engineering plans at Haymarket Depot Abellio ScotRail
65. "Scottish Class 170/4s move south after transfer to Southern" Rail Magazine issue 772 15 April 2015 page 12
66. "GTR readies former ScotRail Class 170/4s" Rail Magazine issue 804 6 July 2016 page 30
67. Southern Useful Information - Southern. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
68. "EMU Formations".
69. Southern: Useful Information Retrieved 11 February 2010
70. Desiros for Loan to Southern Archived 28 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine - Southern Electric Group. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
71. "South Central Franchise Consultation Paper" (PDF). Department for Transport. 22 May 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2008.
72. "Lewes-Uckfield rail line: re-instatement study under way" (Press release). East Sussex County Council. 3 January 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
73. "Green signal to reopen rail line". The Argus. Brighton. 21 June 2006. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
74. "TfL to control all London commuter services and new metro network".
75. Gillett, Francesca (7 December 2016). "Sadiq Khan hits back after government blocks suburban rail takeover plan". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
76. "TfL may take over suburban rail lines". BBC News. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
77. Swinford, Steven (26 January 2017). "Southern rail could be temporarily renationalised to deal with 'appalling' delays and cancellations". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
78. "Oyster card". Southern. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
79. "Oyster cards for ALL trains". London Evening Standard. 31 January 2007.
80. "Southern say yes to Oyster". Wimbledon Gazette. 3 February 2007. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
81. As of 28 August 2013 also from https://www.southernrailway.com/smart-card/
82. "Unlock the secret to quicker, easier travel with the key". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
83. The Key Smartcard : Southern ("Where Can I Use My Key?")

External links

Media related to Southern (train operating company) at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website
• Network map
• Southern on National Rail Enquiries

Preceded by Connex South Central Network SouthCentral franchise	Operator of South Central franchise 2001 – 2009	Succeeded by Southern South Central (incl Gatwick Express) franchise
Preceded by Gatwick Express Gatwick Express franchise	Operator of Gatwick Express franchise 2008 – 2009
Preceded by Southern South Central franchise	Operator of South Central (incl Gatwick Express) franchise 2009 – 2015	Succeeded by Govia Thameslink Railway Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise
Preceded by Southern Gatwick Express franchise
Preceded by Southern South Central (incl Gatwick Express) franchise	Sub-brand of Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise 2015 – present	Succeeded by Incumbent