Berkhamsted railway station

Berkhamsted railway station is in the town of Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England. It is located just beside Berkhamsted Castle, overlooking the Grand Junction Canal. The station is 28 miles (45 km) north west of London Euston on the West Coast Main Line. London Northwestern Railway operates services to London, Northampton and many other destinations.

Berkhamsted
Main entrance, with Grand Union canal in foreground
Location
PlaceBerkhamsted
Local authorityBorough of Dacorum
Grid referenceSP993081
Operations
Station codeBKM
Managed byLondon Northwestern Railway
Number of platforms4
DfT categoryC2
Live arrivals/departures, station information and onward connections
from National Rail Enquiries
Annual rail passenger usage*
2014/15 1.680 million
2015/16 1.740 million
2016/17 1.774 million
2017/18 1.770 million
2018/19 1.779 million
History
Key datesOpened 1838 (1838)
1875relocated to present site
National Rail – UK railway stations
  • Annual estimated passenger usage based on sales of tickets in stated financial year(s) which end or originate at Berkhamsted from Office of Rail and Road statistics. Methodology may vary year on year.

There are 4 platforms of 12-car length on both the fast and slow lines. The platforms are arranged around a central island and two side platforms. The station is relatively unusual on the route in that most of the original buildings have been retained.

History
The original Berkhampstead (sic) railway station as seen in 1838

The present Berkhamsted station dates from 1875, and is located on the Lower King's road on the junction with Brownlow Road. The original station building, opened in 1838, was located approximately 330 feet (100 m) south-east of the present structure, near the bridge onto Castle Street. It was designed in an Elizabethan style of architecture with a brick gabled booking hall. The building was replaced by a new station with additional sidings in 1875 when the railway was widened, the sidings replacing an earlier goods yard near Gravel Path. In 1887, the fastest train would depart at 08:54 and arrive at London Euston at 09:35, with one stop at Willesden Junction, a 41-minute journey.[1]

During the building of the London and Birmingham Railway (the L&BR, today's West Coast Main Line) in the 1830s, Berkhamsted was for a few years a centre of railway construction. The armies of navvies, bricklayers and miners brought in from the English Midlands, Ireland, London and the North of England led to overcrowding in Berkhamsted and the rowdy behaviour of the labourers was said to have offended the genteel townsfolk. Seven young men aged 18–26 were killed while working on the Berkhamsted section of the railway.[1]

Before construction work on the Berkhamsted section of the L&BR began, the project was subject to public protest. Many landowners and turnpike trustees in Hertfordshire were opposed to the new railway line, and protest meetings were held at the King's Arms Hotel in Berkhamsted. Although local opposition to the iron horse was led by noblemen such as the Earls of Essex, Clarendon and Brownlow, the railway line received Royal Assent in 1833.[1]

Led by chief engineer Robert Stephenson, works commenced in 1834 to build a high railway embankment on top of the ruined barbican and moat of Berkhamsted Castle. The brick embankment was built on deep foundations using earth taken from the Sunnyside cutting a mile further south. Once railway tracks were laid, it was possible to use a steam locomotive to move earth and bricks: the Harvey Coombe (or Harvey Combe)[2] was brought up from London by barge on the Grand Junction Canal to assist construction work, and was assembled at Pix Farm in Bourne End. When this locomotive began running on the line works, it was the first time any local people had seen a railway engine.

The L&BR line opened in 1837, with trains running between London and Boxmoor in July, with service extended to Tring in October of that year. The first passenger train passed through Berkhamsted on 16 October 1837, 59 minutes after leaving London.[1]

Berkhamsted Station in 1961

Extension plans

Various plans were put forward in the 1880s by the LNWR (successor to the L&BR) to build a branch line from Berkhamsted to Chesham, but these were not realised. The Great Central Railway also considered a proposal to extend the branch from Chalfont Road to Chesham further north to Berkhamsted and Tring. This proposal was abandoned.

In 1887 there was a proposal to build a narrow-gauge steam tramway along the main road from Hemel Hempstead to Bourne End, and then along the Bourne Gutter Valley to Chesham. Campaigners sought to extend this route via Berkhamsted, but the project also came to nothing.[1]

Development

In 2013, as part of its "Access for All" programme,[3] Network Rail and London Midland began construction work to install lifts to provide access for disabled passengers to platforms, as required by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995.[4] Three lifts were completed and eventually opened for public use on Friday 13 March 2015, serving platforms 1, 2/3 and 4.[5]

An electrical substation was installed outside the front of the station in April 2014 to improve the electricity supply to overhead wires on the West Coast Main Line. The installation, which is enclosed by metal railings, was criticised for its appearance and prominent position in front of a Victorian railway station and in close proximity to the 11th-century Berkhamsted Castle.[6]

Services
West London Route
West Coast Main Line
 Milton Keynes Central
Bletchley
Leighton Buzzard
 Tring
 Berkhamsted
 Hemel Hempstead
M25 motorway
 Watford Junction
Greater London boundary
 Harrow & Wealdstone
Wembley Central
West Coast Main Line
to Euston
North London line
to Stratford
Grand Union Canal
 Shepherd's Bush
Kensington (Olympia)
West Brompton
Imperial Wharf
River Thames
Brighton main line
to Victoria
 Clapham Junction
Wandsworth Common
 Balham
Streatham Common
 Norbury
 Thornton Heath
 Selhurst
 East Croydon
Brighton main line
and Oxted line

At Berkhamsted, Monday to Saturdays there are four trains per hour southbound to London Euston. There are two trains an hour north to Tring, along with two to Milton Keynes Central, one of which is operated by Southern. There is also an hourly service to Northampton. Berkhamsted is also served by an hourly cross-London service operated by Southern which runs via the West London Line to Clapham Junction and South Croydon.[7]

On Monday-Friday there is one train to and from Crewe and some services to/from Crewe on Sundays.

On Sundays there are hourly services towards Milton Keynes, Tring and Northampton, and three an hour towards London Euston.

Preceding station National Rail Following station
Tring or
Leighton Buzzard		   London Northwestern Railway
West Coast Main Line		   Hemel Hempstead
Tring   Southern
West London Route		   Hemel Hempstead

Future development
Outline map of the possible future Crossrail extensions as recommended in the 2011 RUS, which include the WCML as far as Tring[8]

In the London & South East Rail Utilisation Strategy (RUS) document published by Network Rail in 2011, a proposal was put forward to extend the Crossrail lines currently under construction in central London along the West Coast Main Line as far as Tring.[8] The diversion of rail services through central London would enable a direct link from stations such as Berkhamsted to West End stations such as Tottenham Court Road and would alleviate congestion at Euston station; Crossrail services currently planned to terminate at Paddington due to capacity limitations would also be able to continue further west, allowing for a more efficient use of the line. An announcement made in August 2014 by the then transport secretary Patrick McLoughlin indicated that the government was actively evaluating the possibility of extending Crossrail as far as Tring,[9] however in August 2016, the Department for Transport confirmed that the scheme had been cancelled due to "poor overall value for money to the taxpayer".[10]

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References
  1. Birtchnell, Percy (1960). "IX: Riverr, Road, Canal and Railway". A Short History of Berkhamsted. The Bookstack. pp. 85–88. ISBN 1-871372-00-3.
  2. "London & North Western Railway locomotives: Introduction & pre-Ramsbottom". Retrieved 24 November 2010.
  3. "Access for All". Network Rail. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  4. "Train station lifts to make travel easier for disabled in Hemel Hempstead and Berkhamsted". Berkhamsted Today. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  5. Burke, Patrick. "Berkhamsted station is step-free". aid4disabled. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  6. "Berkhamsted Railway Station 'monstrosity' appears without warning and may be there forever". Berkhamsted Today. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  7. GB eNRT December 2015 Edition, Table 66 (Network Rail)
  8. "8. Potential new lines". London and South East Route Utilisation Strategy. Network Rail. 28 July 2011. pp. 149–153. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.
  9. Topham, Gwyn (7 August 2014). "New Crossrail route mooted from Hertfordshire into London". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  10. "Crossrail off the tracks as plans are shelved - Hemel Gazette". Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.

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