List of famines

Depiction of victims of the Irish Great Famine, 1845–1849

Global famines history

This is a list of famines.

Date	Event	Location	Death toll (where known; estimated)
2200–2100 BCE	The 4.2 kiloyear event caused famines and civilizational collapse worldwide	global
441 BCE	The first famine recorded in ancient Rome.	Ancient Rome[1]
26 BCE	Famine recorded throughout Near East and Levant, as recorded by Josephus	Judea	20,000+
370 CE	Famine in Phrygia	Phrygia
372–373	Famine in Edessa	Edessa
400–800	Various famines in Western Europe associated with the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and its sack by Alaric I. Between 400 and 800 AD, the population of the city of Rome fell by over 90%, mainly because of famine and plague.[2]	Western Europe
470	Famine	Gaul
535–536	Extreme weather events of 535–536	global
585	Famine	Gaul
639	Famine in Arabia during the Caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab[3]	Arabia
750s		Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus)[4]
779	Famine	Francia
792–793	Famine	Francia
800–1000	Severe drought killed millions of Maya people due to famine and thirst and initiated a cascade of internal collapses that destroyed their civilization[5]	Mayan areas of Mesoamerica	1,000,000+
805–806	Famine	Francia
875–884	Peasant rebellion in China inspired by famine;[6][7] Huang Chao captured capital	China
927–928	Caused by four months of frost[8][9]	Byzantine Empire
963–969	Famine	Egypt
1005–1006		Europe[10]
1016	Famine throughout Europe[11]	Europe
1025	Famine	Egypt
1051	Famine forced the Toltecs to migrate from a stricken region in what is now central Mexico[12]	Mexico (present day)
1055–1056	Famine	Egypt
1064–1072	Seven years' famine in Egypt [13][14]	Egypt	40,000[13]
1069–1070	Harrying of the North	England	100,000
1097	Famine and plague [15]	France	100,000
1124–1126	Famine	Europe
1143–1147	Famine	Europe
1150–1151	Famine	Europe
1161–1162	Famine	Aquitaine
1181	Yōwa famine	Japan	42,300
1196–1197	Famine	Europe
1199–1202	Famine	Egypt	100,000
1224–1226	Famine	Europe
1230	Famine in the Republic of Novgorod	Russia
1230–1231	The Kanki famine, possibly the worst famine in Japan's history.[16] Caused by volcanic eruptions.[17]	Japan	2,000,000
1235	Famine in England, 20,000 died in London alone	England	20,000
1256–1258	Famine in Italy, Spain, Portugal and England[18]	Europe
1264	Famine	Egypt
1275–1277	Famine[19]	Italy
1275–1299	Collapse of the Anasazi civilization, widespread famine occurred[20]	United States (present day)
1285–1286	Famine[19]	Italy
1294	Famine	Egypt
1302–1303	Famine in Spain and Italy[19]	Europe
1304	Famine	France
1305	Famine	France
1310	Famine	France
1315–1317	Great Famine of 1315–1317	Europe[21]	7,500,000
1321	Famine	England
1328–1330	Famine in Italy, Spain and Ireland[19]	Europe
1330–1333	Famine	France
1333–1337	Chinese famine of 1333–1337	China[22]
1339–1340	Famine in Italy, Spain and Ireland[19]	Europe
1344–1345	Famine in India, under the regime of Muhammad bin Tughluq[23]	India
1346–1347	Famine in France, Italy and Spain[19]	Europe
1349–1351	Famine	France
1351	Famine	England
1358–1360	Famine	France
1369	Famine	England
1371	Famine	France
1374–1375	Famine in France, Italy and Spain[19]	Europe
1374–1375	Famine	Egypt
1387	After Timur the Lame left Asia Minor, severe famine ensued	Anatolia
1390–1391	Famine	France
1394–1396	Famine	Egypt
1396–1407	The Durga Devi famine	India[24][11]
1403–1404	Famine	Egypt
1432–1434	The Hungry Years	Czech Republic (present-day)
1437–1438	Famine in France, Holy Roman Empire, and Britain	Europe
1441	Famine in Mayapan	Mexico[25]
1450–1454	Famine in the Aztec Empire,[26] interpreted as the gods' need for sacrifices.[27]	Mexico (present day)
1460–1461	Kanshō famine in Japan	Japan	82,000
1472–1474	Famine[28]	Italy
1476	Famine[28]	Italy
1482–1484	Famine[28]	Italy
1493	Famine[28]	Italy
1502–1505	Famine[28]	Italy
1504		Spain[29]
1518	Venice	Italy (present day)
1521–1523	Famine in the Low Countries, Ireland and the Nordic Countries	Europe
1527–1530	Famine[28]	Italy
1528	Famine in Languedoc	France[30]
1533–1534	Famine[28]	Italy
1535	Famine in Ethiopia	Ethiopia
1539–1540	Famine[28]	Italy
1540	Tenbun famine	Japan
1544–1545	Famine[28]	Italy
1550–1552	Famine[28]	Italy
1558–1560	Famine[28]	Italy
1567–1570	Famine in Harar, combined with plague. Emir of Harar died.	Ethiopia
1569–1574	Pan-European famine, including Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Low Countries, Nordic Countries, Russia and mostly east off Ukraine[28]	Europe
1585–1587	Pan-European famine, including Italy, France, Low Countries, Britain and Ireland[28]	Europe
1590–1598	Pan-European famine, including Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Britain and the Nordic countries[28]	Europe
1600–1601	Famine in Emilia and southern Lombardy[31]	Italy
1601–1603	One of the worst famines in all of Russian history, with as many as 100,000 in Moscow and up to one-third of Tsar Godunov's subjects killed; see Russian famine of 1601–03.[32][33] The same famine killed about half of the Estonian population.	Russia	2,000,000
1607–1608	Famine[28]	Italy
1618–1648	Famines in Europe caused by Thirty Years' War	Europe
1618–1622	Famine[28]	Italy
1619	Famine in Japan. During the Tokugawa period, there were 154 famines, of which 21 were widespread and serious.[34]	Japan
1628–1632	Famine[28]	Italy
1630–1632	Deccan Famine of 1630–32	India	7,400,000
1630–1631	Famine in north-west China	China
1640–1643	Kan'ei Great Famine	Japan	50,000-100,000
1648–1649	Famine[28]	Italy
1648–1660	Poland lost an estimated 1/3 of its population due to wars, famine, and plague	Poland
1649	Famine in northern England [35]	England
1650–1652	Famine in the east of France [36]	France
1651–1653	Famine throughout much of Ireland during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland[37]	Ireland
1661	Famine in India, due to lack of any rainfall for two years[38][11]	India
1670s – 1680s	Plague and famines in Spain	Spain
1670–1671	Kyungshin Famine	Korea
1672	Famine in southern Italy[31]	Italy
1678–1679	Famine[28]	Italy
1680	Famine in Sardinia[39]	Italy (present day)	80,000[40]
1680s	Famine in Sahel[36]	West Africa
1690s	Famine throughout Scotland which killed 5–15% of the population [41]	Scotland	60,000–180,000
1693–1694	Between 1.3 and 1.5 million French died in the fr:grande famine de 1693-1694	France	1,300,000[42][43]
1693–1695	Famine[28]	Italy
1695–1697	Great Famine of Estonia killed about a fifth of Estonian and Livonian population (70,000–75,000 people). Famine also hit Sweden (80,000–100,000 dead)	The Swedish Empire, of which Swedish Estonia and Swedish Livonia were dominions at that time	150,000–175,000
1696–1697	Great Famine of Finland wiped out almost a third of the population[44]	Finland, then part of Sweden proper	150,000
1702–1704	Famine in Deccan [45]	India	2,000,000[45]
1708–1711	Famine in East Prussia killed 250,000 people or 41% of its population[46]	East Prussia	250,000
1709	Famine[28]	Italy
1709–1710	The fr:Grande famine de 1709	France[47]	600,000
1716	Famine[28]	Italy
1722		Arabia[48]
1724	Famine[28]	Italy
1727–1728	Famine in the English Midlands[49]	England
1732–1733	Kyōhō famine	Japan	12,172–169,000[50]
1738–1756	Famine in West Africa, half the population of Timbuktu died of starvation[51]	West Africa
1740–1741	Irish Famine (1740–41)	Ireland
1750–1756	Famine in the Senegambia region [52]	Senegal, Gambia (present day)
1764	Famine in Naples[53][28]	Italy (present day)
1767	Famine[28]	Italy
1769–1773	Great Bengal famine of 1770,[11] 10 million dead (one third of population)	India, Bangladesh (present day)	10,000,000
1770–1771	Famines in Czech lands killed hundreds of thousands people	Czech Republic (present day)	100,000+
1771–1772	Famine in Saxony and southern Germany	Germany
1773	Famine in Sweden[54]	Sweden
1779	Famine in Rabat	Morocco[55]
1780s	Great Tenmei famine	Japan	20,000 – 920,000
1783	Famine in Iceland caused by Laki eruption killed one-fifth of Iceland's population[56]	Iceland
1783–1784	Chalisa famine	India	11,000,000[57]
1784	Widespread famine throughout Egypt[58]	Egypt
1784–1785	Famine in Tunisia	Tunisia
1788	The two years previous to the French Revolution saw bad harvests and harsh winters, possibly because of a strong El Niño cycle[59] or caused by the 1783 Laki eruption in Iceland.[60][61]	France
1789	Famine in Ethiopia afflicted "amhara/tigray north"	Ethiopia
1789–1793	Doji bara famine or Skull famine	India	11,000,000
1801	Famine[28]	Italy
1804-1872, 1913	A series of 14 famines in Austrian Galicia	Poland, Ukraine (present day)	400,000-550,000
1810, 1811, 1846, and 1849	Four famines in China	China	45,000,000[62]
1811–1812	Famine devastated Madrid[63]	Spain	20,000[64]
1815	Eruption of Tambora, Indonesia. Tens of thousands died in subsequent famine	Indonesia	10,000
1816–1817	Year Without a Summer	Europe	65,000
1830–1833	Claimed to have killed 42% of the population	Cape Verde	30,000[65]
1833–1837	Tenpo famine	Japan
1837–1838	Agra famine of 1837–38	India	800,000
1845–1857	Highland Potato Famine	Scotland
1845–1849	Great Famine in Ireland killed more than 1 million people. Between 1.5–2 million people forced to emigrate[66]	Ireland	1,000,000
1846	Famine led to the peasant revolt known as "Maria da Fonte" in the north of Portugal	Portugal
1849–1850	Demak and Grobogan in Central Java, caused by four successive crop failures due to drought.	Indonesia	83,000[67]
1850–1873	As a result of Taiping Rebellion, drought, and famine, the population of China dropped by more than 20 million[68]	China	20,000,000
1860–1861	Upper Doab famine of 1860–61	India	2,000,000
1863–1867	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	30,000[65]
1866	Orissa famine of 1866	India	1,000,000[69]
1866–1868	Finnish famine of 1866–1868. About 15% of the entire population died	Finland	150,000+
1866–1868	Famine in French Algeria	French Algeria	820,000
1867–1869	Swedish famine of 1867–1869.	Sweden
1869	Rajputana famine of 1869	India	1,500,000[69]
1870–1872	Persian famine of 1870–1872	Iran	200,000-3,000,000 Estimates vary [70]
1873–1874	Famine in Anatolia caused by drought and floods[71][72]	Turkey (present day)
1873–1874	Bihar famine of 1873–74	India
1876–1879	Famine in India, China, Brazil, Northern Africa (and other countries). Famine in northern China killed 9–13 million people.[73] 5.5 million died in the Great Famine of 1876–78 in India. 500,000 died in Brazil. British policies and drought were responsible for the deaths in India.[74][75] The famine in China was a result of drought influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.[76]	India, China, Brazil, Northern Africa (and other countries).	15,000,000–19,000,000 in Northern China, India and Brazil.
1878–1880	St. Lawrence Island famine, Alaska[77]	United States	1,000
1879	1879 Famine in Ireland. Unlike previous famines, this famine mainly caused hunger and food shortages but little mortality.	Ireland
1888–1889	Famine in Orrisa, Ganjam and Northern Bihar	India	150,000
1888–1892	Ethiopian Great famine. About one-third of the population died.[78][79] Conditions worsen with cholera outbreaks (1889–92), a typhus epidemic, and a major smallpox epidemic (1889–90).	Ethiopia	1,000,000
1891–1892	Russian famine of 1891–92. Beginning along the Volga River and spreading to the Urals and the Black Sea.	Russia	375,000–500,000[80][81]
1895–1898	Famine during the Cuban War of Independence	Cuba	200,000–300,000
1896–1897	Famine in northern China leading in part to the Boxer Rebellion	China
1896–1902	Indian famine of 1896–97 and Indian famine of 1899–1900 due to drought and British policies.[75][82][83]	India	2,000,000 (British Territories), Mortality unknown in Princely States
1900–1903	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	11,000–20,000[65]
1904–1906	Famine in Spain.[84][85][86]	Spain
1907, 1911	Famines in east-central China	China	25,000,000 [87]
1914–1918	Mount Lebanon famine during World War I which was caused by an Entente powers and Ottoman Turk blockade of food and to a swarm of locusts which killed up to 200,000 people, estimated to be half of the Mount Lebanon population[88]	Lebanon	200,000
1914–1919	Famine caused by the Allied blockade of Germany during World War I until Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.	Germany	200 000= 424000}
1916–1917	Winter famine in Russia	Russia
1917	Famine in German East Africa	German East Africa	300,000
1917–1919	Persian famine of 1917–1919	Iran	2,000,000,[89] but estimates range as high as 10,000,000[90]
1918–1919	Rumanura famine in Ruanda-Burundi, causing large migrations to the Congo	Rwanda and Burundi (present day)
1919–1922	Kazakh famine of 1919–1922. A series of famines in Turkestan at the time of the Bolshevik revolution killed about a sixth of the population[91]	Turkestan
1920–1921	Famine in northern China	China	500,000
1920–1922	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	24,000–25,000[65]
1921	Russian famine of 1921	Russia	5,000,000[92]
1921–1922	1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan	Russia	500,000–2,000,000[93]
1924–1925	Famine in Volga German colonies in Russia. One-third of the entire population perished[94]	Russia
1924–1925	Minor famine in Ireland due to heavy rain	Irish Free State
1928–1929	Famine in Ruanda-Burundi, causing large migrations to the Congo	Rwanda and Burundi (present day)
1928–1930	Chinese famine of 1928–1930 in northern China. The drought resulted in million of deaths	China	3,000,000-10,000,000
1930–1931	Famine	Madagascar	32,000
1932–1933	Soviet famine of 1932–1933, including famine in Ukraine	Russian SFSR and Ukrainian SSR	1,000,000–1,500,000
1936	Famine in China	China	5,000,000[95]
1940–1943	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	20,000[65]
1940–1945	Famine in Warsaw Ghetto, as well as other ghettos and concentration camps (note: this famine was the result of deliberate denial of food to ghetto residents on the part of Nazis).	Occupied Poland
1940–1948	Famine in Morocco between 1940–48, because of refueling system installed by France.[96]	Morocco	200,000
1941–1944	Leningrad famine caused by a 900-day blockade by German troops. About one million Leningrad residents starved, froze, or were bombed to death in the winter of 1941–42, when supply routes to the city were cut off and temperatures dropped to −40 °C (−40 °F).[97]	Russia	1,000,000
1941–1944	Famine in Greece caused by the Axis occupation.[98][99]	Greece	300,000
1942–1943	Chinese famine of 1942–43	Henan, China	2,000,000–3,000,000
1942–1943	Iranian famine of 1942–1943	Iran	3,000,000[100]
1943	Bengal famine of 1943	Bengal, India	2,100,000
1943–1944	Ruzagayura famine in Ruanda-Urundi, causing emigrations to Congo	Rwanda and Burundi (present day)	36,000–50,000
1943–1945	Famine in Hadhramaut	Yemen (present day)	10,000[101][102]
1944–1945	Java under Japanese occupation	Java, Indonesia	2,400,000[103]
1944	Dutch famine of 1944 during World War II	Netherlands	20,000
1945	Vietnamese Famine of 1945	Vietnam	400,000–2,000,000
1946-1947	German "Hungerwinter"	Germany
1946–1947	Soviet Famine of 1947	Soviet Union	100,000–150,000[104][105]
1946–1948	Famine in Cape Verde	Cape Verde	30,000[65]
1949	Nyasaland Famine 1949	Malawi	200
1950	1950 Canadian caribou famine	Canada	60
1958	Famine in Tigray	Ethiopia	100,000
1959–1961	The Great Chinese Famine, which is widely regarded as the greatest famine in human history.[106][107][108][109] Some researchers also include the year 1958 or 1962.	China (mainland)	15,000,000–55,000,000[107][110][111]
1966–1967	Lombok, drought and malnutrition, exacerbated by restrictions on regional rice trade	Indonesia	50,000[112]
1967–1970	Biafran famine caused by Nigerian blockade	Nigeria	2,000,000
1968–1972	Sahel drought created a famine that killed a million people[113]	Mauritania, Mali, Chad, Niger and Burkina Faso	1,000,000
1972–1973	Famine in Ethiopia caused by drought and poor governance; failure of the government to handle this crisis led to the fall of Haile Selassie and to Derg rule	Ethiopia	60,000[114]
1974	Bangladesh famine of 1974	Bangladesh	27,000-1,500,000
1975–1979	Khmer Rouge. An estimated 1,500,000–2,000,000 Cambodians lost their lives to famine	Cambodia	1,500,000–2,000,000
1980–1981	Caused by drought and conflict[114]	Uganda	30,000[114]
1982–1985	Famine caused by the Mozambican Civil War	Mozambique	100,000
1983–1985	1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia	Ethiopia	400,000–600,000[115]
1984–1985	Famine caused by drought, economic crisis and the Second Sudanese Civil War	Sudan	240,000
1988	Famine caused by the Second Sudanese Civil War	Sudan	100,000
1991–1992	Famine in Somalia caused by drought and civil war[114]	Somalia	300,000[114]
1993	1993 Sudan famine	Sudan
1994–1998	North Korean famine.[116][117] Scholars estimate 600,000 died of starvation (other estimates range from 200,000 to 3.5 million).[118]	North Korea	200,000–3,500,000
1998	1998 Sudan famine caused by war and drought	Sudan	70,000[114]
1998–2000	Famine in Ethiopia. The situation worsened by Eritrean–Ethiopian War	Ethiopia
1998–2004	Second Congo War. 2.7 million people died, mostly from starvation and disease	Democratic Republic of the Congo	2,700,000
2003–2005	Famine during the War in Darfur	Sudan	200,000
2005–2006	2005–06 Niger food crisis. At least three million were affected in Niger and 10 million throughout West Africa	Niger and West Africa
2011–2012	Famine in Somalia, brought on by the 2011 East Africa drought[119]	Somalia	285,000
2012	Famine in West Africa, brought on by the 2012 Sahel drought[120]	Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso
2016–present	Famine in Yemen, arising from the blockade of Yemen by Saudi Arabia	Yemen	85,000 children[121] Unknown number of adults.
2017–present	Famine in South Sudan[122] Famine in Somalia, due to 2017 Somalian drought. Famine in Nigeria	South Sudan, Unity State, Somalia, and Nigeria.

See also

Main article lists

• Bengal famine
• Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union
• Famine in India
• Famines in Czech lands
• Famines in Ethiopia
• Famines, epidemics, and public health in the British Raj
• Great Bengal famine of 1770
• Great Famine of 1876–78
• Great Chinese Famine
• Holodomor
• List of famines in China
• North Korean famine
• Timeline of major famines in India during British rule

Other articles

• 2007–08 world food price crisis
• Agriculture and population limits
• Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
• Disaster
• Extreme weather events of 535–536
• Famine
• Famine Early Warning Systems Network
• Famine events
• Famine relief
• Famine scales
• Food security
• Great Famine
• Hunger Plan
• Indian Famine Codes
• Late Victorian Holocausts (book on the great ENSO famines of 1876–80, 1896–1900)
• Life expectancy
• List of natural disasters by death toll
• List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll
• Live Aid
• Medieval demography
• Overpopulation
• Population decline
• Potato famine
• Starvation
• The Population Bomb
• Theories of famines
• World population

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     For a summary of other estimates, please refer to this link
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Bibliography

• Alfani, Guido; Mocarelli, Luca; Strangio, Donatella (January 2016). "Italian Famines: An overview (ca. 1250-1810)". Dondena Centre, Bocconi University.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Ó Gráda, Cormac (2009), Famine: a short history, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-12237-3.

External links

Media related to famines at Wikimedia Commons