China Railway CRH1

The CRH1 EMU, also known as Hexie (simplified Chinese: 和谐号; traditional Chinese: 和諧號; pinyin: Héxié Hào; literally: "Harmony") is a high-speed train operated by China Railway and built by a joint venture between Bombardier Transportation and Sifang at Bombardier Sifang Power Transportation factory in Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.

China Railways CRH1 EMU
CRH1 high-speed train
In service	February 1, 2007 – Present
Manufacturer	Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd. (Bombardier Transportation and CSR Sifang)
Family name	Regina
Number built	CRH1A: 128 trainsets (1024 cars) CRH1A–A: 87 trainsets (696 cars) CRH1B: 24 trainsets (384 cars) CRH1E: 15 trainsets (240 cars) CRH1E–250: 5 trainsets (80 cars) CRH380D: 85 trainsets (680 cars)
Formation	CRH1A/A–A: eight cars per trainset (5M3T) CRH1B/E/E–250: 16 cars per trainset (10M6T) CRH380D: eight cars per trainset (4M4T)
Capacity	CRH1A: 668 or 611 or 646 or 635 CRH1A–A: 613 CRH1B: 1299 CRH1E/E–250: 618 or 642 CRH380D: 495
Operator(s)	China Railway - CR Guangzhou - CR Shanghai - CR Nanchang - CR Chengdu
Line(s) served	Guangshen Railway, Hukun Railway, Jinghu Railway, Hainan Eastern Ring High-Speed Railway
Specifications
Car body construction	CRH1A/B/E: Stainless Steel CRH1A–A/E–250/380D: Aluminium Alloy
Train length	CRH1A: 213.5 m (700 ft 6 in) CRH1A–A: 207.9 m (682 ft 1 in) CRH1B: 426.3 m (1,398 ft 7 in) CRH1E: 428.9 m (1,407 ft 2 in) CRH1E–250: 413.1 m (1,355 ft 4 in) CRH380D: 215.3 m (706 ft 4 in)
Platform height	500–1,250 mm (1 ft 7.7 in–4 ft 1.2 in)
Maximum speed	CRH1A: 200 km/h (124 mph) or 250 km/h (155 mph) CRH1A–A/B/E/E–250: 250 km/h (155 mph) CRH380D: 380 km/h (236 mph)
Weight	CRH1A/A–A: 435 t (428 long tons; 480 short tons) CRH1B: 850 t (840 long tons; 940 short tons) CRH1E/E–250: 890 t (880 long tons; 980 short tons) CRH380D: 450 t (440 long tons; 500 short tons)
Traction system	IGBT VVVF inverter control (Bombardier MITRAC 1000)[1][2]
Power output	CRH1A: 5.3 MW (7,100 hp) CRH1A–A: 5.5 MW (7,400 hp) CRH1B/E/E–250: 11 MW (15,000 hp) CRH380D: 10 MW (13,000 hp)
Transmission	AC-DC-AC
Acceleration	CRH1A/B/E: Maximum 0.6 m/s^2 (2.2 km/(h⋅s)) CRH380D: 0.48 m/s^2 (1.7 km/(h⋅s))
Deceleration	CRH1A: Emergency 1.2 m/s^2 (4.3 km/(h⋅s)), General 0.8 m/s^2 (2.9 km/(h⋅s))
Power supply	Overhead catenary
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC
Current collection method	Pantograph
Braking system(s)	Regenerative, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in) standard gauge

At the same time as ordering the Shinkansen-based CRH2A and the Pendolino-based CRH5A, the Chinese Ministry of Railways ordered Bombardier-based CRH1, specifically 20 CRH1A trainsets in June 2007 and an additional 20 CRH1A trains, each with eight cars that have total standard capacity of 670 people. The total value of the order is €560 million.[3] In July 2010, a further 40 CRH1A eight-car trains were ordered.[4]

Variants

Regina in Sweden. The Regina trains in Sweden are wider than the CRH1 since they are built to make full use of the wider loading gauge used in Sweden.

China railways CRH1A

CRH1A

CRH1A and CRH1B are based on Bombardier's Regina family.[5] The train was designed by Sifang and Bombardier jointly in Västerås, Sweden and originally named C2008.[3][5]

Each CRH1A set consists of eight cars, the first batch (CRH₁-001A~CRH₁-040A) including two first class coaches (ZY), 5 second class coaches (ZE) and 1 second class coach/dining car (ZEC).the second batch (CRH₁-081A~CRH₁-120A) including two first class coaches (ZY), one first class/second class coaches (ZYE), four second class coaches (ZE) and 1 second class coach/dining car (ZEC). The potential maximum speed of CRH1A is 250 km/h (155 mph), but in fact the maximum speed of the initial 40 sets in operation is always restricted by the software of computer control system, so the maximum speed in service is 220 km/h (137 mph).

The first units （CRH₁-001A） were delivered on August 30, 2006,[6] the CRH1A sets started service from February 1, 2007 at the Guangzhou -Shenzhen Railway.

In July 2010, the Chinese MOR ordered additional 40 sets of CRH1A, The designed top operating speed increased to 250 km/h, In September 2010, during test run at Qinshen PDL, top speed of CRH₁-081A reach 278 km/h (173 mph).[7]

In September 2012, The MOR issued a revision in the Zefiro contract, which calls for the order of an additional 106 eight car Zefiro 250 (46 sets) and Zefiro 250NG (60 sets) train sets in lieu of the cancellation of the 16 car Zefiro 380 sets. The NG variant is a new model, which will use new materials in order to achieve weight reductions and more efficient operation.[8]

CRH1A-A

See Zefiro 250

• 
  CRH1A-A at Chaoshan railway station
• 
  CRH1A-A First Class
• 
  CRH1A-A second class

CRH1B

On October 31, 2007, the Chinese MOR ordered 20 sets of CRH1B trains (CRH₁-041B～CRH₁-060B). CRH1B is a fleet-extended CRH1A. Each CRH1B consists of 16 cars, including three first class coaches (ZY), 12 second class coaches (ZE) and one dining car (CA). CRH1B, however, have not such restriction on the operational speed, the maximum speed is still 250 km/h (155 mph). CRH1B first come into commercial use on April, 2009, between Shanghai–Nanjing & Shanghai–Hangzhou.[9]

On July 23, 2011, CRH1-046B was hit on ZY104600 car by CRH2-139E in Yongtaiwen PFL accident.

CRH1E

Main article: Bombardier Zefiro

On October 31, 2007, the Chinese MOR ordered 20 sets of CRH1E trains (CRH₁-061E～CRH₁-080E). The CRH1E is the first high-speed 16-car sleeper train (10M6T) in the world which is based on Bombardier's ZEFIRO 250 km/h (155 mph) design. The train was designed by Bombardier and Zagato. Each train set from the first 12 trainsets consists of one luxury sleeper (WG), 12 soft sleepers (WR), two second class coaches (ZE) and one dining car (CA). The first CRH1E trainset delivered at October 2009, first come into service on November 4, 2009 between Beijing–Shanghai. In fact, only 15 CRH1Es were delivered, three of which having the luxury sleeper replaced with normal sleepers. The other five ended up being CRH1Bs, this time based on the CRH1E design (instead of CRH1A). Later on five additional CRH1Es (based on the CRH1A-A design) have also been manufactured and delivered.[9]

• 
  CRH1E
• 
  Two CRH1 series E high-speed trains in Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station
• 
  Leisure area of CRH1E
• 
  Deluxe Sleeper Coach of CRH1E

CRH380D

CRH380D at Guangzhou North railway station.

Main article: Bombardier Zefiro

The CRH380D is also derived from the Bombardier Zefiro family (Zefiro 380) of very high speed EMUs and are not direct derivatives of the Regina type trains from which the CRH1A and CRH1B classes are derived.[10] Top speed is advertised at 380 km/h (236 mph).[11] The eight-car version is designated CRH380D, series number CRH380D-1501 ～ CRH380D-1585.[8]

Formation

Power Destination

• M – Motor car
• T – Trailer car
• C – Driver cabin
• P – Pantograph

Coach Type

• ZY – First Class Coach
• ZE – Second Class Coach
• ZYE – First Class／Second Class Coach
• ZEC – Second Class Coach／Dining Car
• ZYT – First Class／Premier Coach
• ZET – Second Class／Premier Coach
• ZYS – First Class／Business Coach
• ZES – Second Class／Business Coach
• WR – Soft Sleeper Car
• WRC – Soft Sleeper / Dining Car
• WG – Luxury Sleeper Car

• 
  car door
• 
  First Class Coach.
• 
  Interior of a second class coach.
• 
  second class coach/buffet car (ZEC)

CRH1A / CRH1A–A

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type^1^2^3	ZY	ZE			ZEC	ZE		ZY
Type^4	ZY	ZE		ZEC	ZYE	ZE		ZY
Type^5^6	ZY	ZE		ZEC	ZE			ZY
Type^7 (CRH1A–A)	ZY	ZE		ZEC	ZE
Power Configuration	MC	TP	M		T	M	TP	MC
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3
Capacity^1	72	101	101	101	19(+24)	101	101	72
Capacity^2	64	92	92	92	23(+24)	92	92	64
Capacity^3	72	101	101	101	19(+30)	101	101	72
Capacity^4	64	92	92	58(+14)	77	92	92	64
Capacity^5	64	92	92	58(+14)	92	92	92	64
Capacity^6	64	91	91	58(+14)	91	85	91	64
Capacity^7 (CRH1A–A)	48	90	90	77	63	90	90	65

• ^1 Set Nº. 1001～1021
• ^2 Set Nº. 1022～1040
• ^3 Set Nº. 1167, 1168
• ^4 Set Nº. 1086～1090, 1094～1104, 1106～1109, 1117～1119
• ^5 Set Nº. 1081～1085, 1091～1093, 1105, 1110～1116, 1120
• ^6 Set Nº. 1121～1166
• ^7 Set Nº. 1169～1228, 1234～1260

CRH1B

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type	ZE								ZEC	ZE				ZY
Power Configuration	MC	TP	M		TP	M	T	M		T	M	TP	M		TP	MC
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3		Unit 4		Unit 5			Unit 6
Capacity^1	79	92	92	92	92	92	92	92	(56)	92	92	92	92	72	72	64
Capacity^2	68	93	93	93	93	93	93	93	(58)	93	93	93	93	79	75	54

• ^1 Set Nº. 1041～1060
• ^2 Set Nº. 1076～1080

CRH1E

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Type^1	ZE	WR							ZEC	WG	WR					ZE
Type^2	ZE	WR							ZEC	WR						ZE
Type ^3	ZE	WR							WRC	WR						ZE
Power Configuration	MC	TP	M		TP	M	T	M		T	M	TP	M		TP	MC
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3		Unit 4		Unit 5			Unit 6
Capacity^1	61	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	(58)	16	40	40	40	40	40	61
Capacity^2	61	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	(58)	40	40	40	40	40	40	61
Capacity^3	55	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	12	40	40	40	40	40	40	55

• ^1 Set Nº. 1061～1072
• ^2 Set Nº. 1073～1075
• ^3 Set Nº. 1229～1233 (This model is based on the CRH1A-A and sometimes informally called "CRH1E-NG" or "CRH1E-250".)

CRH380D

Coach No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Type^1	ZYT	ZE		ZEC	ZE			ZET
Type^2	ZYS	ZE			ZEC	ZE		ZES
Power Configuration	MC	TP	M	T		M	TP	MC
Power Units	Unit 1			Unit 2			Unit 3
Capacity^1	32+6	84	84	45+14	84	81	84	50+6
Capacity^2	28+5	85	85	75	63	85	85	40+5

• ^1 Set Nº. 1501～1510
• ^2 Set Nº. 1511～1585

Distribution

As of April 2018, 260 CRH1 series EMU and 85 CRH380D series EMU are in service.

Operator	Quantity	Serial number	Depot	Lines serving	Notes
CRH1A
Guangzhou Railway Group	22	1001～1020、1167、1168	Guangzhou East	Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway、Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway
	31	1086～1090、1094～1104、1106～1109、1117～1119、 1123、1124、1141～1143、1154、1165、1166	Shenzhen North	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
Nanchang Railway Bureau	18	1121、1122、1125～1140	Fuzhou	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway、Longyan–Xiamen Railway、Xiangtang–Putian Railway
	17	1147～1153、1155～1164	Fuzhou South	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway、Longyan–Xiamen Railway、Xiangtang–Putian Railway
	17	1081～1085、1091～1093、1105、1110～1116、1120	Xiamen North	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway、Longyan–Xiamen Railway、Xiangtang–Putian Railway
Chengdu Railway Bureau	23	1021～1040、1144～1146	Chengdu East	Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway、Dazhou–Chengdu Railway、Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway、Chongqing–Lanzhou Railway
CRH1A-A
Guangzhou Railway Group	4	1169、1234～1236	Guangzhou East	Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway
	9	1170～1176、1217、1218	Shenzhen North	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
	16	1177、1179～1181、1183、1184、1209～1216、1248、1250	Sanya	Hainan Eastern Ring High-Speed Railway、Hainan Western Ring High-Speed Railway
	34	1178、1182、1219～1228、1237～1247、1249、1251～1260	Foshan	Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway、Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway、Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway、Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway、Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway
Nanchang Railway Bureau	24	1185～1208	Fuzhou South	Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway、Longyan–Xiamen Railway、Hefei–Fuzhou High-Speed Railway
CRH1B
Shanghai Railway Bureau	13	1052～1059、1076～1080	Nanxiang	Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway、Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway、Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway
	11	1041～1045、1047～1051、1060	Hangzhou	Nanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway、Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway、Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
China Railway	1	1046	Retired		Written off after Wenzhou train collision, Cars 1-12 are used as a training train whereas Cars 13-16 were scrapped due to derailment.
CRH1E
Shanghai Railway Bureau	20	1061～1075、1229～1233	Nanxiang	Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway、Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway、Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway、 Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link、Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway
CRH380D
Chengdu Railway Bureau	13	1538～1545、1550、1552、1553、1555、1557	Chongqing North	Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway
	23	1546～1549、1554、1556、1558～1560、 1563、1564、1567、1568、1571、1572、1578～1584	Chengdu East	Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway
	3	1537、1551、1559	Guiyang North	Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway、Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway、Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway
Shanghai Railway Bureau	48	1501～1536、1561、1562、1565、 1566、1569、1570、1573～1577、1585	Shanghai Nanxiang	Nanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway、Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity Railway、Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway、Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway

See also

• China Railways CRH2
• China Railways CRH3
• China Railways CRH5
• China Railways CRH380A
• China Railways CRH6
• China Railways CIT Trains
• Bombardier Zefiro
• List of high speed trains

References

1. Briginshaw, David (15 July 2015). "Latest Chinese high-speed train enters service". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
2. "Transportation documents" (PDF). bombardier.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
3. "Sleeper EMU to be developed under co-operation deal". Railway Gazette International. 2007-08-01. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
4. "China orders another 40 CRH1 high-speed trains - International Railway Journal". 2010-07-22. Retrieved 2010-07-22. an additional 40 CRH 1 eight-car
5. "High speed trainsets take shape". Railway Gazette International. 2005-08-01. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
6. 2006年8月30日 BSP 第一列EMU 动车组出厂 Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
7. "Successful completion of the type test for BST's first 250km/h 8-consist EMU". BST. 2010-11-10. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
8. Ltd, DVV Media International. "Zefiro 250NG included in revised high speed train contract".
9. Staff (2007-11-01). "Bombardier JV awarded contract for 40 high-speed trainsets in China". https://www.oneindia.com. Retrieved 2020-06-08. External link in |website= (help)
10. The New High Speed Superpower www.eurotrib.com
11. "添加插座、新增母婴设施 成渝高铁380D动车尽显人性化 - 四川网络广播电视台 - 四川广播电视台". 2016-04-21. Archived from the original on 2016-04-21. Retrieved 2020-06-08.

External links

• Zefiro 250 Specifications Sheet
• Zefiro 380 Specifications Sheet
• CRH1B Train Exterior and Interior