Duna–Pogaya languages

The Duna–Pogaya (Duna–Bogaia) languages are a proposed small family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Voorhoeve (1975), Ross (2005) and Usher (2018), consisting of two languages, Duna and Bogaya, which in turn form a branch of the larger Trans–New Guinea family.[1] Glottolog, which is based largely on Usher, however finds the connections between the two languages to be tenuous, and the connection to TNG unconvincing.[2]

Duna–Pogaya
Duna–Bogaia
Geographic
distribution		Hela Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
  • Duna–Pogaya
Subdivisions
GlottologNone
Map: The Duna–Pogaya languages of New Guinea
  The Duna–Pogaya languages
  Other Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited

Language contact

Duna has had significant influence on Bogaya due to the socioeconomic dominance of Duna speakers over the less populous, less influential Bogaya speakers.[3] Duna also has much more influence from Huli (a widely spoken Trans-New Guinea language) at 27–32 percent lexical similarity with Huli, while Duna has only 5-10 percent.[3]

Pronouns

Pronouns are:

sgdupl
1 *nó*ge-na*i-nu
2 *gó
3 *kó*ki-nu

Evolution

Duna reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[3]

  • amu ‘breast’ < *amu
  • konane ‘ear’ < *kand(e,i)k(V]
  • kuni ‘bone’ < *kondaC
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References
  1. NewGuineaWorld
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bogaya". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
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