Bilabial consonant

In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a labial consonant articulated with both lips.

Transcription

The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are:

IPA Description Example
Language Orthography IPA Meaning
bilabial nasal English man [mæn]
voiceless bilabial stop English spin [spɪn]
voiced bilabial stop English bed [bɛd]
voiceless bilabial fricative Japanese 富士山 (fujisan) [ɸuʑisaɴ] Mount Fuji
voiced bilabial fricative Ewe ɛʋɛ [ɛ̀βɛ̀] Ewe
bilabial approximant Spanish lobo [loβ̞o] wolf
bilabial trill Nias simbi [siʙi] lower jaw
bilabial ejective Adyghe пӀэ [pʼa] meat

ʘ̬
ʘ̃
ʘ̥̃ʰ
ʘ̃ˀ		 bilabial click release (many distinct consonants) Nǁng ʘoe [ʘoe] meat

Owere Igbo has a six-way contrast among bilabial stops: [p pʰ ɓ̥ b b̤ ɓ]. Approximately 0.7% of the world's languages lack bilabial consonants altogether, including Tlingit, Chipewyan, Oneida, and Wichita.[1]

The extensions to the IPA also define a bilabial percussive ([ʬ]) for striking the lips together (smacking the lips – see percussive consonant). A lip-smack in the non-percussive sense of the lips noisily parting would be [ʬ↓].[2]

The IPA chart shades out bilabial lateral consonants, which is sometimes read as indicating that such sounds are not possible. The fricatives [ɸ] and [β] are often lateral, but no language makes a distinction for centrality so the allophony is not noticeable.

gollark: And charge whoever invokes things in those somehow?
gollark: Bad and/or deliberately DOSey.
gollark: Also, I can afford to run this without real-world pay. I just don't want to be spammed with bad code.
gollark: CC would be kind of æ to use.
gollark: The main issue is still billing for it, I think; do you charge the person who *created* a trusted script per invocation/by resource use somehow (and risk possible denial of service against a script by spamming it with transactions - not sure if this is actually a problem since it would be costly), or do you charge fees to the person invoking it (which is an issue as krist is not that divisible)?

See also

References

Citations
  1. Maddieson, Ian. 2008. Absence of Common Consonants. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 18. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/18 Archived 2009-06-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed on 2008-09-15.
  2. Heselwood (2013: 121)

Sources
General references
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
  • McDorman, Richard E. (1999). Labial Instability in Sound Change: Explanations for the Loss of /p/'l. H'. Chicago: Organizational Knowledge Press. ISBN 0-9672537-0-5.


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