South African Class 6J 4-6-0

The South African Railways Class 6J 4-6-0 of 1902 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "6th Class". For the others, see Cape Government Railways 6th Class locomotives.

CGR 6th Class 4-6-0 1902 South African Class 6J 4-6-0
SAR Class 6J, c. 1912
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (H.M. Beatty) Builder Neilson, Reid and Company Serial number 6089-6102 Model CGR 6th Class Build date 1902 Total produced 14
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-0 (Tenwheeler)  • UIC 2'Cn2 Driver 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia. 28 ^1⁄2 in (724 mm) Coupled dia. 54 in (1,372 mm) Tender wheels 33 ^1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built 34 in (864 mm) retyred Wheelbase 45 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in (13,932 mm)  • Engine 20 ft 8 in (6,299 mm)  • Leading 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)  • Coupled 11 ft 4 in (3,454 mm)  • Tender 14 ft 7 in (4,445 mm)  • Tender bogie 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Wheel spacing (Asymmetrical) 1-2: 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) 2-3: 6 ft 7 in (2,007 mm) Length: ​  • Over couplers 53 ft (16,154 mm) Height 12 ft (3,658 mm) Frame type Bar Axle load 13 LT 8 cwt (13,620 kg)  • Leading 10 LT 18 cwt (11,070 kg)  • 1st coupled 12 LT 5 cwt (12,450 kg)  • 2nd coupled 13 LT 8 cwt (13,620 kg)  • 3rd coupled 12 LT 5 cwt (12,450 kg)  • Tender bogie Bogie 1: 16 LT 15 cwt (17,020 kg) Bogie 2: 17 LT 8 cwt (17,680 kg)  • Tender axle 8 LT 14 cwt (8,840 kg) Adhesive weight 37 LT 18 cwt (38,510 kg) Loco weight 48 LT 16 cwt (49,580 kg) Tender weight 34 LT 3 cwt (34,700 kg) Total weight 82 LT 19 cwt (84,280 kg) Tender type XD (2-axle bogies) XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XM2, XM3, XM4 permitted Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 5 LT 10 cwt (5.6 t) Water cap 2,730 imp gal (12,400 l) Firebox type Round-top  • Firegrate area 18.75 sq ft (1.742 m^2) Boiler: ​  • Pitch 6 ft 9 ^1⁄2 in (2,070 mm)  • Diameter 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)  • Tube plates 11 ft 2 ^1⁄8 in (3,407 mm)  • Small tubes 182: 2 in (51 mm) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1,241 kPa) Safety valve Ramsbottom Heating surface 1,172.6 sq ft (108.94 m^2)  • Tubes 1,065 sq ft (98.9 m^2)  • Firebox 107.6 sq ft (10.00 m^2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 17 in (432 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke Valve gear Stephenson Couplers Johnston link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures Tractive effort 18,780 lbf (83.5 kN) @ 75%
Career Operators Cape Government Railways South African Railways Class CGR 6th Class, SAR Class 6J Number in class 14 Numbers CGR 155, 160, 287-294, 537-540 SAR 635-648 Delivered 1902 First run 1902 Withdrawn 1972

In 1902, fourteen 6th Class bar framed steam locomotives with a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were placed in service by the Cape Government Railways. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 6J.[1][2][3]

Manufacturer

The original 6th Class locomotive had been designed at the Salt River works of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) in 1892 by H.M. Beatty, at the time the Cape Government Railways (Western System) Locomotive Superintendent.[1]

The fourteen 6th Class locomotives which were placed in service by the CGR in 1902 were built by Neilson, Reid and Company.[1]

Characteristics

H.M. Beatty

The locomotives were practically identical to the two bar-framed locomotives which had been built by Sharp, Stewart and Company in 1900 and which became the South African Railways (SAR) Class 6F in 1912. They were visually identifiable as second-generation bar-framed 6th Class locomotives by their running boards, which were mounted above the coupled wheels without the need for wheel fairings.[1][4]

As built, the smokebox was equipped with openings on its sides, near the front, with covers which each had a handle by which it could be opened with a half turn to give direct access to the inside of the smokebox. This was most likely to facilitate cleaning of the spark arrestor screens to overcome clogging without having to open the smokebox door. The cover handles were attached to the smokebox side by a small chain, as shown in the main picture. Judging from photographs, these covers were removed and the openings closed off in the SAR era.

Distribution

Four of the locomotives were numbered in the range from 537 to 540 for the Midland System of the CGR. The other ten were numbered 155, 160 and in the range from 287 to 294 for the Western System.[1][5]

It would appear that the CGR's Western System was more concerned with having unbroken number ranges than the CGR itself was about allocating different classifications to dissimilar locomotives, even when they had different wheel arrangements. Of these Western System engine numbers, 155 and 160 had been used before on two 6th Class locomotives which had been sold to the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen (OVGS) in 1897.[1][5]

Class 6 sub-classes

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.[2][6]

When these fourteen locomotives were assimilated into the SAR in 1912, they were renumbered in the range from 635 to 648 and designated Class 6J.[2][4][5]

The rest of the CGR's 6th Class locomotives, together with the Central South African Railways Classes 6-L1 to 6-L3 locomotives which had been inherited from the OVGS via the Imperial Military Railways (IMR), were grouped into thirteen more sub-classes by the SAR. The 4-6-0 locomotives became SAR Classes 6, 6A to 6H, 6K and 6L, the 2-6-2 locomotives were designated Class 6Y and the 2-6-4 locomotives were designated Class 6Z.[2][4][5]

Service

The Class 6J has been described as the most successful of the bar-framed 6th Class locomotives. The CGR placed them in service on the Cape mainline and for several years they hauled the Dining Car Express Train which left Cape Town every Wednesday morning for the Orange River Colony and Johannesburg in Transvaal, running via De Aar, Noupoort and Springfontein.[1][3]

The last Class 6J locomotive was withdrawn from service in Bethlehem in 1972.[3]

Renumbering

The table lists the Class 6J works numbers and renumbering.[1][2][5]

Class 6J 4-6-0
Works numbers & renumbering

Works no.	CGR no.	CGR Sys.	SAR no.	Notes
6097	155	W	635	See Class 6
6098	160	W	636	See Class 6
6089	287	W	637
6090	288	W	638
6091	289	W	639
6092	290	W	640
6093	291	W	641
6094	292	W	642
6095	293	W	643
6096	294	W	644
6099	537	M	645
6100	538	M	646
6101	539	M	647
6102	540	M	648

Preservation

Two members of the Class 6J survive.

• No. 641 is in storage at Epping Market Siding in Cape Town.[7]
• No. 645 is on display at the Outeniqua Transport Museum in George.[8][9]

Illustration

The main picture shows a Class 6J, with conductor Fred Hart, an unknown stoker, driver Jim-Boy Barlow and an unknown cleaner. The picture dates to c. 1912, judging by the SAR-style cabside number plates, but still with a CGR-style cowcatcher.[1]

The first picture below shows Western System 6th Class no. 292, later renumbered to SAR Class 6J no. 642, painted in the CGR's green livery on the Cape's Dining Car Express Train. It is a colourised photograph which was used as a post card, on which some artistic licence had been used with red wheels and a red headlight reflector. Also illustrated is a first class annual season ticket issued to Mr. W. Smith on 25 January 1909, which allowed the holder to travel between Cape Town and Hopefield, Eendekuil, Caledon, Franschhoek, Carnarvon, Prieska and Vryburg, literally all over the Western System lines in the present-day Western Cape and Northern Cape Provinces.

• 
  Ex CGR no. 292, SAR Class 6J no. 642
• 
  First class season ticket cover
• 
  First class season ticket inside
• 
  Ex CGR no. 538, SAR Class 6J no. 646
• 
  Class 6J no. 645, Outeniqua Transport Museum

References

1. Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 49–50, 56. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
2. Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 8, 12, 14, 33 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
3. Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 41–44. ISBN 0869772112.
4. South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
5. Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
6. The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.
7. Sandstone Heritage Trust - 2017016 Locomotive status - January 2017. (Accessed on 6 December 2017)
8. - Outeniqua Transport Museum - 6 December 2017 (Accessed on 6 December 2017)
9. - Locomotives at Outeniqua Transport Museum - 21 November 2007. (Accessed on 6 December 2017)