South African Class NG G13 2-6-2+2-6-2

The South African Railways Class NG G13 2-6-2+2-6-2 of 1927 was a narrow gauge articulated steam locomotive.

South African Class NG G13 2-6-2+2-6-2
NG G13 no. 49 at Sandstone Estates, 9 April 2006
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG Builder Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG Serial number 10549-10551, 10598-10599, 10629-10635 Model Class NG G13 Build date 1927-1928 Total produced 12
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 2-6-2+2-6-2 (Double Prairie)  • UIC 1'C1'+1'C1'h4 Driver 3rd & 4th coupled axles Gauge 2 ft (610 mm) narrow Leading dia. 21 in (533 mm) Coupled dia. 33 in (838 mm) Trailing dia. 21 in (533 mm) Minimum curve 150 ft (46 m) Wheelbase 42 ft 9 in (13,030 mm)  • Engine 13 ft 2 in (4,013 mm) each  • Coupled 6 ft 3 in (1,905 mm) each Pivot centres 23 ft 9 in (7,239 mm) Length: ​  • Over couplers 48 ft 5 ^1⁄4 in (14,764 mm) Height 10 ft 4 in (3,150 mm) Frame type Bar Axle load 7 LT 1 cwt 2 qtr (7,189 kg)  • Leading 6 LT 10 cwt 1 qtr (6,617 kg) front 6 LT 1 cwt 1 qtr (6,160 kg) rear  • 1st coupled 7 LT 1 cwt 2 qtr (7,189 kg)  • 2nd coupled 6 LT 18 cwt 1 qtr (7,023 kg)  • 3rd coupled 6 LT 14 cwt (6,808 kg)  • 4th coupled 6 LT 16 cwt 1 qtr (6,922 kg)  • 5th coupled 6 LT 17 cwt 3 qtr (6,998 kg)  • 6th coupled 6 LT 13 cwt 2 qtr (6,782 kg)  • Trailing 4 LT 0 cwt 2 qtr (4,090 kg) front 4 LT (4,064 kg) rear Adhesive weight 41 LT 1 cwt 1 qtr (41,720 kg) Loco weight 61 LT 13 cwt 1 qtr (62,650 kg) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 4 LT (4.1 t) Water cap 1,285 imp gal (5,840 l) front 540 imp gal (2,450 l) rear Firebox type Round-top  • Firegrate area 19.5 sq ft (1.81 m^2) Boiler: ​  • Pitch 5 ft 5 in (1,651 mm)  • Diameter 4 ft 7 ^3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)  • Tube plates 9 ft 3 ^5⁄8 in (2,835 mm)  • Small tubes 152: 1 ^3⁄4 in (44 mm)  • Large tubes 15: 5 ^1⁄2 in (140 mm) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1,241 kPa) Safety valve Pop Heating surface 921.1 sq ft (85.57 m^2)  • Tubes 839 sq ft (77.9 m^2)  • Firebox 82.1 sq ft (7.63 m^2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 149 sq ft (13.8 m^2) Cylinders Four Cylinder size 12 in (305 mm) bore 16 in (406 mm) stroke Valve gear Heusinger Valve type Piston Couplers Bell-and-hook (Cape) Johnston link-and-pin (Natal)
Performance figures Tractive effort 18,850 lbf (83.8 kN) @ 75%
Career Operators South African Railways Class Class NG G13 Number in class 12 Numbers 49-50, 58-60, 77-83 Delivered 1927-1929 First run 1927 Withdrawn 1973

Between 1927 and 1929, the South African Railways placed twelve Class NG G13 Garratt articulated steam locomotives with a 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type wheel arrangement in service on the Langkloof and Alfred County Railway narrow gauge lines.[1][2][3]

Manufacturer

In 1927, Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG (Hanomag), in consultation with the South African Railways (SAR), designed a locomotive which was to become the standard 2 feet (610 millimetres) narrow gauge Garratt locomotive in South Africa for the next forty years.[3][4]

How Garratts, to which Beyer, Peacock and Company held the patent, came to be designed and built by the German firm of Hanomag was the result of the coming into power of the Pact Government in South Africa in 1924. With strong anti-British sentiments amongst Afrikaners in the new government still lingering after the Second Boer War, British manufacturers were avoided whenever possible.[5]

The initial order was for three Class NG G13 locomotives, numbered in the range from NG58 to NG60, which were delivered and placed in service in November 1927. Performance trials of the Class NG G13 proved it to be both powerful and free steaming despite having a smaller grate area than the predecessor Class NG G11. This resulted in an immediate order for another two locomotives, numbers NG49 and NG50, and even before these two were delivered, another seven numbered in the range from NG77 to NG83. The second and third orders were both delivered in 1928 with the third order locomotives entering service during January 1929.[1][2][6]

Characteristics

The locomotive was greatly improved from the Class NG G11, with trailing wheels added to each engine unit, outside bar frames instead of plate frames, round-topped fireboxes instead of Belpaire fireboxes, and larger dimensions in most respects except the grate area. They were superheated and sported an extremely compact arrangement of Walschaerts valve gear and outside bar frames. The leading wheels were arranged as conventional pony trucks, while the inner carrying wheels were built to the Gölsdorf system which allowed the axle some lateral movement.[2]

Some rectifiable shortcomings were cylinders with old-fashioned short-travel valves with Z-ported cylinders, plain bearings on the inner carrying wheels that were inclined to run hot and a cab that was too small and unbearably hot in summer. The heat was made worse by the steam turret, vacuum-brake ejector and sight-feed lubricator that were placed inside the cab. Since the seats of the driver and stoker were mounted on poles which allowed them to be swung around to outside the cab, crews could often be seen riding outside to escape the heat.[5]

As built, the sandboxes were mounted on the front of the water tank and rear of the coal bunker, one on either side of each headlight. On some locomotives the front sandboxes were later relocated to the top of the tank.[5]

Service

The introduction of articulated locomotives on the 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge branches gave this gauge a new lease of life and made it easier to withstand the agitation from some quarters to convert these branches to Cape gauge. Apart from appreciable economies in working, the Garratts enabled train loads and the carrying capacity of the narrow gauge lines to be virtually doubled without the need to strengthen track and bridges.[2]

Natal

The first five locomotives, numbers NG49, NG50 and NG58 to NG60, were used almost exclusively on the narrow gauge lines in Natal. Some of these routes had curves of 45 metres (148 feet) radius and gradients of up to 3 in 100 (3%), but the Garratts were well suited to hauling the diverse freight traffic of pulpwood, sugar cane and bananas.[7]

One of these lines, the 122-kilometre long (76-mile) branch line from Port Shepstone to Paddock via Izotsha, was eventually privatised as the Port Shepstone and Alfred County Railway (ACR) after the SAR ceased operations there in 1986. The ACR conducted both freight and tourist passenger operations, with the tourist train becoming known as the Banana Express.[7]

Cape Province

The third order of seven locomotives, numbers NG77 to NG83, initially all went to the Avontuur Railway in the Langkloof where most of them remained for their entire service lives. In 1965, numbers NG77 and NG78 were exchanged for two Class NG G11 locomotives, numbers NG54 and NG55, from the Natal system.[1]

The 283-kilometre long (176-mile) Avontuur line stretches from Port Elizabeth to Avontuur through the Langkloof. The narrow gauge track enabled the trains to pick up fruit virtually directly from the Langkloof fruit farms and ship it directly, without reloading, to the ripening warehouses, distributors and ships at Port Elizabeth. The route became known as the Apple Express after the main crop it transported. The line also carried pulpwood as well as limestone to supply the cement factories which were located on the route.[7]

The arrival of the Class NG G13s at Humewood Road in Port Elizabeth in 1928 came soon after the Avontuur Railway’s transition from a lightly-trafficked developmental line to a narrow-gauge heavy hauler when the new cement works at New Brighton were opened. Being able to take almost double the load of a Class NG10 locomotive, they were mainly used on the limestone traffic, but were also employed up and down the Langkloof.[5]

At the Limebank Quarry near Loerie, quarried limestone was crushed and loaded into buckets carried on an overhead ropeway from the quarry to bunkers at Loerie. In 1954, the cement company doubled its quarry output capacity when a second parallel ropeway was placed in service. A limitation in the capacity of the limestone trains throughout the steam haulage era was that double heading by Garratt locomotives was not permitted to protect their pivots from excessive stresses. It therefore became common practice to run heavier Garratt-headed trains of up to 14 wagons with a Class NG10 helper cut in to the train some eight to ten wagons back. From a passing loop at Summit, the Garratt would continue to Chelsea unassisted whilst the helper returned down the hill to Loerie.[8]

Retirement

The Avontuur Garratts ended their service lives working out of Loerie, either hauling limestone trains to Van Stadens or doing duty on the Patensie branch line. When the lower section of the Avontuur Railway was dieselised upon the arrival of the Class 91-000 diesel-electric locomotives in 1973, the Class NG G13 locomotives were all withdrawn from service. Beginning at about the same time, the Natal locomotives were also progressively withdrawn from service.[1]

Preservation

Since withdrawal from SAR service, some locomotives were sold into private hands whilst others ended up in various degrees of preservation ranging across the spectrum from operational to plinthing to total abandonment. One ex SAR Class NG G13 Garratt, no. NG49, is operational at the Sandstone Estates near Ficksburg. Two were plinthed, no. NG80 at Joubertina station and no. NG81 at Patensie station. No. NG50 was also restored and has been operational at the Hempstead and Northern Railroad in Hempstead, Texas from 15 November 2015.

The last known locations of all the Class NG G13 locomotives are listed in the table.[9]

South African Class NG G13 2-6-2+2-6-2
Locations as at c. March 2017

Number	Works No.	Country	Location	Notes
NG49	10599/1928	South Africa	Sandstone Estates	Operational again by April 2019 after boiler re-tube and some mechanical work.
NG50	10598/1928	United States	Hempstead, Texas	Operational from 15 November 2015 at the Hempstead and Northern Railroad in Hempstead, Texas.
NG58	10549/1927	South Africa	Sandstone Estates	Stored in scrap condition. First NG G13 delivered to SAR.
NG59	10550/1927	South Africa	Scrapped	Wrecked after rolling over in an accident on the Weenen to Escourt line in the early 1980s.
NG60	10551/1927	Wales	Vale of Rheidol	Moved to the Vale of Rheidol Railway in Wales July 2017. Images show full boiler exam taking place by December 2018. Should operate in 2020.
NG77	10629/1928	England	Exmoor Steam [10]	In store at Bratton Fleming, previously resided at the Brecon Mountain Railway in Wales. Is 95% complete, boiler overhauled, needs mainly copper pipework to complete. May steam locally in the future. Privately owned by Trevor & June Stirland.
NG78	10630/1928	Germany	Berlin	German Museum of Technology since May 1988, carries works- and number plates for no. NG83.[11]
NG79	10631/1928	South Africa	Scrapped	Scrapped by the THF at Humewood Road, Port Elizabeth August 2011.
NG80	10632/1928	South Africa	Joubertina station	Plinthed in very poor condition.
NG81	10633/1928	South Africa	Patensie station	Plinthed in very poor condition.
NG82	10634/1928	England	Surrey	Previously owned by Peter Rampton (RIP). In store - not on public display. https://www.rheidolrailway.co.uk/2019/07/23/sad-news-announced-by-the-vale-of-rheidol-railway
NG83	10635/1928	Germany	Emmerich	Stored operational. Fully overhauled at Meiningen by 1996 and fitted with a new boiler. Privately owned by Dr. Muhr since May 1988.[11]

Illustration

• 
  No. NG58, the first Class NG G13 to be delivered, c. 1927
• 
  Class NG G13 on a passenger train at Port Elizabeth, c. 1940
• 
  No. NG81 plinthed at Patensie station, 8 April 1985
• 
  No. NG50 in steam in Hempstead, Texas, 15 November 2015

References

1. Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 107. ISBN 0869772112.
2. Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, February 1946. p. 135.
3. Durrant, A. E. (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. p. 124. ISBN 0715386387.
4. Hamilton, Gavin N., The Garratt Locomotive - Garratt Locomotives from Other Builders, retrieved 10 November 2012
5. Soul of A Railway, System 3, Part 1: Cape Midland, based in Port Elizabeth, Part 1, The Port Elizabeth Narrow Gauge. Captions 15, 19, 21. (Accessed on 10 December 2016)
6. South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
7. "South Africa Rail Offering". The New York Times. 28 March 1988. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
8. Soul of A Railway, System 3, Part 2: Cape Midland, based in Port Elizabeth, Part 2, Port Elizabeth to Loerie - The Limestone Traffic. Captions 1 & 2. (Accessed on 11 December 2016)
9. Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. p. 31.
10. Exmoor Steam Railway and its history Archived 11 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine
11. Stars of Sandstone 2017 (sic: 2015) - Newsletter Number III, p. 4