Religion in Northern Ireland

Christianity is the largest religion in Northern Ireland. As per the most recent 2011 census, the prevalence rates for the main religions are: Catholic (41 per cent); Presbyterian (19 per cent); Church of Ireland (14 per cent); Methodist (3.0 per cent); Other Christian or Christian-related denominations (5.8 per cent); Other Religions and Philosophies (0.8 per cent) and those declaring no religion or religion not stated 16.9%. [2] The Catholic Church has seen a small growth in adherents, while the other Christian groups have seen a small decrease.

Religion in Northern Ireland - 2011[1]

  Catholic Church (40.8%)
  Presbyterian Church in Ireland (19.1%)
  Church of Ireland (13.7%)
  Methodist Church in Ireland (3.0%)
  Other Christian (5.8%)
  Other religion (0.8%)
  Non-religious (10.1%)
  Not stated (6.8%)

Religion raised in - 2011[1]

  Protestantism (48.4%)
  Catholicism (45.1%)
  Other (0.9%)
  None (5.6%)

There are also small Hindu, Sikh, Muslim, Buddhist and Jewish communities. Belfast has a synagogue, a gurdwara, a mosque and two Hindu temples. There is another gurdwara in Derry.

Statistics
Map of religion or religion brought up in from the 2011 census in Northern Ireland. Stronger blue indicates a higher proportion of Catholics. Stronger red indicates a higher proportion of Protestants and Other Christians.

The 2001 and 2011 Census figures for Religion (not Religion or Religion Brought Up In) are set out below.

Religion 2001[3] 2011[1][4]
Number % Number %
Catholic678,46240.2738,03340.8
Presbyterian348,74220.7345,10119.1
Church of Ireland257,78815.3248,82113.7
Methodist59,1733.554,2533.0
Other Christian102,2216.1104,3805.8
(Total non-Catholic Christian)767,92445.6752,55541.6
(Total Christian)1,446,38685.81,490,58882.3
Other religion5,0280.314,8590.8
No religion233,85313.9183,16410.1
Religion not stated122,2526.8
Total population1,685,267100.01,810,863100.0

The religious affiliations in the different districts of Northern Ireland were as follows:

Districts of Northern Ireland by predominant religion at the 2011 census. Blue is catholic and red is protestant and other christians.
District 2001[5] 2011[6]
CatholicProtestant and other ChristianOtherCatholicProtestant and other ChristianOther
Antrim35.2%47.2%17.6%37.5%43.2%19.2%
Ards10.4%68.7%20.9%10.9%65.4%23.6%
Armagh45.4%45.5%9.1%44.8%43.0%12.2%
Ballymena19.0%67.8%13.3%20.4%63.3%16.3%
Ballymoney29.5%59.1%11.3%29.6%56.7%13.6%
Banbridge28.6%58.7%12.7%29.4%55.3%15.3%
Belfast42.1%40.3%17.5%41.9%34.1%24.0%
Carrickfergus6.5%70.4%23.1%7.6%67.2%25.2%
Castlereagh15.8%64.9%19.3%19.5%57.3%23.2%
Coleraine24.1%60.5%15.4%25.0%56.8%18.2%
Cookstown55.2%38.0%6.8%55.1%34.0%11.0%
Craigavon41.7%46.7%11.6%42.1%42.1%15.8%
Derry70.9%20.8%8.4%67.4%19.4%13.1%
Down57.1%29.2%13.7%57.5%27.1%15.4%
Dungannon57.3%34.9%7.7%58.7%29.8%11.5%
Fermanagh55.5%36.1%8.4%54.9%34.3%10.8%
Larne22.2%61.9%15.9%21.8%59.7%18.5%
Limavady53.1%36.1%10.7%56.0%34.3%9.7%
Lisburn30.1%53.6%16.4%32.8%47.9%19.3%
Magherafelt61.5%32.0%6.5%62.4%28.3%9.3%
Moyle56.6%33.8%9.6%54.4%32.3%13.3%
Newry and Mourne75.9%16.4%7.7%72.1%15.2%12.7%
Newtownabbey17.1%64.5%18.4%19.9%57.8%22.3%
North Down10.0%64.5%25.5%11.2%60.3%28.5%
Omagh65.1%26.3%8.6%65.4%24.8%9.8%
Strabane63.1%30.9%6.0%60.1%30.7%9.2%

Religions broken down by place of birth in the 2011 census.[7]

Map showing the proportion of the population in Northern Ireland who stated they had no religion in the 2011 census.
Place of birthCatholicProtestant and other ChristianOther ReligionNone or not stated
Northern Ireland88.7%92.9%49.7%81.1%
England2.6%3.2%6.9%6.7%
Scotland0.5%0.9%1.1%1.6%
Wales0.1%0.1%0.4%0.3%
Republic of Ireland3.3%1.1%1.8%1.6%
Other EU: Member countries prior to 2004 expansion0.4%0.3%1.0%1.4%
Other EU: Accession countries 2004 onwards3.1%0.3%1.8%3.5%
Other1.4%1.1%37.3%3.8%

The religious affiliations in the different age bands in the 2011 census were as follows:[8]

Stated religion for each age in the 2011 Northern Ireland census.
Ages attained (years)CatholicProtestant and other ChristianOther ReligionNone or not stated
0 to 444.3%31.7%0.9%23.2%
5 to 945.5%36.1%0.7%17.7%
10 to 1445.9%37.9%0.6%15.6%
15 to 1944.8%37.6%0.6%17.0%
20 to 2443.4%35.2%0.7%20.7%
25 to 2944.8%33.1%1.1%21.0%
30 to 3444.0%34.3%1.4%20.3%
35 to 3941.5%37.8%1.2%19.5%
40 to 4440.4%41.1%0.9%17.7%
45 to 4940.0%42.8%0.8%16.3%
50 to 5439.2%44.9%0.7%15.1%
55 to 5938.1%46.5%0.8%14.6%
60 to 6435.8%50.0%0.7%13.4%
65 to 6933.7%54.4%0.7%11.2%
70 to 7432.9%56.4%0.7%10.1%
75 to 7932.0%58.1%0.6%9.3%
80 to 8430.0%60.0%0.6%9.3%
85 to 8928.1%61.8%0.5%9.6%
90 and over25.8%64.0%0.5%9.6%
The percentage of respondents in each religious category of the census in Northern Ireland or the area that would later become Northern Ireland. Note that there was a high level of non-enumeration during the 1981 census mainly due to protests in Catholic areas about the Republican hunger strikes.[9]
Distribution of religions in Northern Ireland according to the 2011 census.
  • Catholic
  • Presbyterian Church in Ireland
  • Church of Ireland
  • Methodist Church in Ireland
  • Other Christian
  • Other Religion

Christianity
Main article: Christianity in Ireland
St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Church of Ireland) is the seat of the head of the Anglican Church of Ireland.
St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Catholic) is the seat of the head of the Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh.
A Baptist church in Limavady, County Londonderry.

Christianity is the main religion in Northern Ireland. The 2011 UK census showed 40.8% Catholic, 19.1% Presbyterian Church, with the Church of Ireland having 13.7% and the Methodist Church 5.0%. Members of other Christian churches comprised 5.8%, 17% stated they have no religion or did not state a religion, and members of non-Christian religions were 0.8%.[1][4]

The Catholic Church is the largest single church, though there is a greater number of Protestants overall. The Church is organised into four provinces though these are not coterminous with the modern political division of Ireland. The seat of the Archbishop of Armagh, the Primacy of Ireland, is St. Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh.

The Presbyterian Church in Ireland, closely linked to the Church of Scotland in terms of theology and history, is the second-largest church and largest Protestant denomination. It is followed by the Anglican Church of Ireland, which was the state church of Ireland until it was disestablished by the Irish Church Act 1869. In 2002, the much smaller Methodist Church in Ireland signed a covenant for greater co-operation and potential ultimate unity with the Church of Ireland.[10] The Church of Ireland is part of the Anglican Communion.

Smaller, but growing, Protestant denominations such as the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland amongst Presbyterians and the Open Brethren are located in many places. The Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland and the Assemblies of God Ireland are also organised on an all-Ireland basis, though in the case of the Assemblies of God this was the result of a recent reorganisation.[11]

Comparison with Great Britain

In the 2011 census Northern Ireland had substantially more people stating that they were Christian (82.2%) than did England (59.4%), Scotland (53.8%) or Wales (57.6%).[12][13][14][15] The proportion who stated that they had any religion was also higher in Northern Ireland (83%) than in England (68.1%), Scotland (56.3%) or Wales (60.3%).[12][13][14][15] In Northern Ireland those who did not state any religion in the 2011 census amounted to 13.9% of the population, lower than in England (31.9%), Scotland (43.7%) or Wales (39.7%).[12][13][14][15] This represented an increase from the 2001 census in those not stating a religion of 117% in Northern Ireland, lower than the increases in England (54.5%), Scotland (38.1%) or Wales (57.6%).[12][13][14][15]

Secularisation in Northern Ireland has followed different paths within each of the two main communities, being at a more advanced stage within the mainly Protestant community in which it is reflected more often with a formal move away from the churches and by expressing no formal religious attachment, mirroring the pattern in Great Britain, whereas in the mainly Catholic community it is reflected by declining mass attendance but often with retaining a formal Catholic identification, mirroring the pattern in the Republic of Ireland.[16] Those stating that they had no religion in the 2011 census were concentrated in largely Protestant areas, suggesting that they were mostly from a Protestant background.

Comparison with the Republic of Ireland

In their respective 2011 censuses Northern Ireland had a lower proportion of people stating that they were Christian (82.3%) than the Republic of Ireland (90.4%) and had a higher proportion of people stating that they had no religion or not indicating a religious belief (16.9%) than the Republic of Ireland (7.6%). While in the 2011 census 84.2% of people in the Republic of Ireland identified themselves as Catholic in the 2011 census in Northern Ireland only 40.8% identified themselves as Catholic.

Minor religions

Islam
Main article: Islam in Northern Ireland

While there were a small number of Muslims already living in what became Northern Ireland in 1921, the bulk of Muslims in Northern Ireland today come from families who immigrated during the late 20th century. At the time of the 2011 Census there were 3,832 living in Northern Ireland,[17] though the Belfast Islamic Centre states this number may be as high as 10,000 due to other social demographics such as students.[18] The Muslims in Northern Ireland come from over 40 countries of origin, from Western Europe all the way through to the Far East.[19] This situation is reflected in comparably complex institutional arrangements.[20]

Judaism

The earliest recorded Jew living in Northern Ireland was a tailor by the name of Manuel Lightfoot in 1652. The first Jewish congregation in Northern Ireland, Belfast Hebrew Congregation, was founded in 1870. In 2006, there are about 300 Jews living in Northern Ireland.[21]

Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith in Northern Ireland begins after a century of contact between Irishmen and the Bahá'í Faith beyond the island and on the island.[22][23][24] The members of the religion elected its first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly in 1949 in Belfast.[25] The Bahá'ís held an international conference in Dublin in 1982 which was described as “…one of the very few occasions when a world event for a faith community has been held in Ireland".[26] By 1993 there were a dozen assemblies in Northern Ireland.[27] By 2005 Bahá'í sources claim some 300 Bahá'ís across Northern Ireland.[28]

Neo-paganism
Main article: Neopaganism in the United Kingdom

Hinduism
Main article: Hinduism in Northern Ireland

Hinduism is a relatively minor religion in Northern Ireland with only around 200 Hindu families in the region.[29] There are, however, three Mandirs in Belfast.

History

The Troubles
Main article: The Troubles

The Troubles were a period of ethno-political conflict in Northern Ireland which spilled over at various times into Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland. The duration of the Troubles is conventionally dated from approximately 1968 to the signing of the Belfast Agreement in 1998. Violence nonetheless continued beyond this period and still manifests on a small-scale basis.[30]

The principal issues at stake in the Troubles were the constitutional status of Northern Ireland and the relationship between the mainly-Protestant Unionist and mainly-Catholic Nationalist communities in Northern Ireland. The Troubles had both political and military (or paramilitary) dimensions. Its participants included politicians and political activists on both sides, republican and loyalist paramilitary organisations, the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), the British Army and the security forces of the Republic of Ireland.

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See also

References
  1. "Census 2011: Religion: KS211NI (administrative geographies)". nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  2. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland
  3. "Census 2001: Religion (administrative geographies)". nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  4. "Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland" (PDF). nisra.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  5. "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  6. "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  7. "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  8. "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  9. "CAIN Web Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  10. "Church of Ireland/Methodist Church Covenant".
  11. Launch of the Assemblies of God Ireland Archived 14 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine eyeoneurope.org, accessed 31 December 2009
  12. "NISRA". NISRA. NISRA. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  13. "Scotland's Census". Scotland's census. Scottish government. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  14. "Office of National Statistics". ons. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  15. "Office of National Statistics". The Welsh Government. Welsh government. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  16. "Research Update" (PDF). ARK. ARK. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  17. Northern Ireland Census 2001 Key Statistics Archived 22 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  18. http://belfastislamiccentre.org.uk/index.php/history/
  19. Belfast Islamic Centre Archived 8 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  20. Scharbrodt, Oliver, "Islam in Ireland: organising a migrant religion". 318 – 336 in Olivia Cosgrove et al. (eds), Ireland's new religious movements. Cambridge Scholars, 2011; ISBN 978-1-4438-2588-7
  21. "Ireland: Virtual Jewish History tour". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  22. "Baha'is mark killing of founder". belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 12 July 2005. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  23. Palin, Iain S. "The First Irish Bahá'ís". U.K. Bahá'í Heritage Site. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  24. Armstrong-Ingram, R. Jackson (July 1998). "Early Irish Baha'is: Issues of Religious, Cultural, and National Identity". Research Notes in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies. 02 (4). Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  25. "History and Inspiration". CommuNIqué-Newsletter of the Bahá'í Community in Northern Ireland. Bahá'í Council for Northern Ireland (106). 1 June 2005. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  26. "Book Review; The Faiths of Ireland by Stephen Skuce". CommuNIqué – Newsletter of the Bahá'í Community in Northern Ireland. Bahá'í Council for Northern Ireland (123). 1 December 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  27. Momen, Moojan. "Baha'i History of the United Kingdom". Articles for the Baha'i Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  28. "Religious Education Core Syllabus". Statements on Matters of Public Interest / Concern. Bahá'í Council for Northern Ireland. 25 November 2003. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  29. Programme 1 – Indian Community bbc.c.uk, accessed 10 January 2009
  30. "Draft List of Deaths Related to the Conflict. 2002–". Retrieved 31 July 2008.
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