Muhyiddin Yassin

Muhyiddin bin Haji Muhammad Yassin (Jawi: محي الدين بن محمد ياسين‎‎; born 15 May 1947) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 8th Prime Minister of Malaysia since March 2020. He served as the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs under former Prime Ministers, Najib Razak and Mahathir Mohamad, from April 2009 to July 2015 and from May 2018 to February 2020 respectively. As a result of the ongoing 2020 Malaysian political crisis, Mahathir's abrupt resignation on 24 February 2020 led to a process where he was declared Prime Minister by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 29 February 2020. He was later appointed and sworn in on 1 March 2020.

In this Malay name, the name Yassin is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Muhyiddin. The Arabic-derived word "bin" or "binti"/"binte", if used, means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.

Yang Amat Berhormat Tan Sri Dato' Haji

Muhyiddin Yassin

PSM SPMJ SHMS DUNM SPSA SPMP SUNS SPDK DP PNBS MP MLA
محي الدين بن محمد ياسين‎‎
8th Prime Minister of Malaysia
Assumed office
1 March 2020
MonarchAbdullah
Deputy
Preceded byMahathir Mohamad
10th Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office
10 April 2009 – 29 July 2015
MonarchMizan Zainal Abidin
Abdul Halim
Prime MinisterNajib Razak
Preceded byNajib Razak
Succeeded byAhmad Zahid Hamidi
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
21 May 2018 – 24 February 2020
MonarchMuhammad V
Abdullah
Prime MinisterMahathir Mohamad
DeputyAzis Jamman
Preceded byAhmad Zahid Hamidi
Succeeded byHamzah Zainudin
Minister of Education
In office
10 April 2009 – 29 July 2015
Serving with Idris Jusoh (2013–2015)
MonarchMizan Zainal Abidin
Abdul Halim
Prime MinisterNajib Razak
DeputyMohd Puad Zarkashi (2009–2013)
Wee Ka Siong (2009–2013)
P. Kamalanathan (2013-2015)
Mary Yap (2013–2015)
Preceded byHishammuddin Hussein
Succeeded byMahdzir Khalid
Minister of International Trade and Industry
In office
19 March 2008 – 9 April 2009
MonarchMizan Zainal Abidin
Prime MinisterAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
DeputyLiew Vui Keong
Jacob Dungau Sagan
Preceded byRafidah Aziz
Succeeded byMustapa Mohamed
Ong Ka Chuan (2015–2018)
Minister of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry
In office
27 March 2004 – 18 March 2008
MonarchSirajuddin
Mizan Zainal Abidin
Prime MinisterAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
DeputyMohd Shariff Omar
Kerk Choo Ting (2004–2006)
Mah Siew Keong (2006–2008)
Preceded byMohd Effendi Norwawi as Minister of Agriculture
Succeeded byMustapa Mohamed
Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumerism
In office
15 December 1999 – 26 March 2004
MonarchSalahuddin
Sirajuddin
Prime MinisterMahathir Mohamad
DeputySubramaniam Sinniah
Preceded byMegat Junid Megat Ayub
Succeeded byShafie Apdal
Minister of Youth and Sports
In office
8 May 1995 – 14 December 1999
MonarchJa'afar
Salahuddin
Prime MinisterMahathir Mohamad
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
DeputyLoke Yuen Yow
Preceded byAbdul Ghani Othman
Succeeded byHishamuddin Hussein
13th Menteri Besar of Johor
In office
12 August 1986 – 13 May 1995
MonarchIskandar
Preceded byAbdul Ajib Ahmad
Succeeded byAbdul Ghani Othman
1st President of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party
Assumed office
7 September 2016
ChairmanMahathir Mohamad (2016–2020)
DeputyMukhriz Mahathir (2016–2020)
Ahmad Faizal Azumu (since 2020)
Preceded byPosition established
Deputy President of the United Malays National Organisation
In office
26 March 2009 – 26 February 2016
PresidentNajib Razak
Vice PresidentAhmad Zahid Hamidi
Shafie Apdal
Hishammuddin Hussein
Preceded byNajib Razak
Succeeded byAhmad Zahid Hamidi (Acting)
Member of the Malaysian Parliament
for Pagoh
Assumed office
24 April 1995
Preceded byAhmad Omar (UMNO—BN)
Majority6,927 (2018)
12,842 (2013)
12,581 (2008)
18,747 (2004)
12,850 (1999)
17,599 (1995)
In office
31 July 1978 – 19 July 1986
Preceded bySyed Nasir Ismail (UMNO—BN)
Succeeded byAhmad Omar (UMNO—BN)
Majority16,383 (1982)
15,610 (1978)
Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly for Gambir
Assumed office
9 May 2018
Preceded byAsojan Muniandy (MIC—BN)
Majority3,088 (2018)
Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly
for Bukit Serampang
In office
22 April 1986 – 3 August 1995
Preceded byZakaria Salleh (UMNO—BN)
Succeeded byAhmad Omar (UMNO—BN)
Majority7,020 (1990)
Unopposed (1986)
Personal details
Born
Mahiaddin bin Md Yassin[1]

(1947-05-15) 15 May 1947
Muar, Johor, Malayan Union (now Malaysia)
CitizenshipMalaysian
Political partyUMNO (1978–2016)
BERSATU (since 2016)
Other political
affiliations		Barisan Nasional (1978–2016)
Pakatan Harapan (2017–2020)
Perikatan Nasional (since 2020)
Muafakat Nasional (since 2020)
Spouse(s)
Children4
ResidenceSeri Perdana, Putrajaya
Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur
Alma materUniversity of Malaya
OccupationPolitician
Signature
WebsiteTSMY Official Facebook Page
Malaysia
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Muhyiddin has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Pagoh since and Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Gambir since May 2018. He has been 1st President and Acting Chairman of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) since the party's formation in September 2016 and Mahathir's resignation as the party's Chairman in February 2020 respectively. He was Deputy President of the Pakatan Harapan (PH), which was overthrown from the federal administration by him in February 2020. [2] He was also the Deputy Chairman of Barisan Nasional (BN) and Deputy President of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the main component party of BN from April 2009 to July 2015.

Muhyiddin grew up in the state of Johor and joined the state public service after graduating from University of Malaya (UM). He assumed the management positions at various state-owned companies. In 1978, he was elected as the MP for Pagoh. During his term as tje MP, he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of foreign affairs, deputy minister of federal territories and later deputy minister of trade and industry. As the Johor UMNO chief, he was the state's Menteri Besar from 1986 to 1995.

He returned to federal politics in 1995 and was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister of Youth and Sports. He was appointed Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs after the 1999 general election and became a vice president of UMNO in 2000. Under the premiership of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Muhyiddin served as Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry from 2004 to 2008, and then as Minister of International Trade and Industry from 2008 to 2009.

In 2008, he contested and won the UMNO deputy presidency, and was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education by Prime Minister Najib Razak in 2009. As Minister of Education, Muhyiddin ended the use of English as the medium of instruction for science and mathematics in public schools. He also attracted controversy after describing himself as "Malay first" when challenged by the Opposition to pronounce himself as "Malaysian first". During Najib's mid-term cabinet reshuffle in July 2015, he was dropped from his position, marking the first incumbent to be left out; in June 2016, he was expelled from UMNO.[3]

Early life

Muhyiddin was born in Muar, Johor, Malaysia. His father, Haji Muhammad Yassin bin Muhammad, was a Malay of Bugis descent. Muhammad Yassin was an Islamic theologian and cleric based in Bandar Maharani, Muar, Johor, while his mother, Hajjah Khadijah binti Kassim, was a Malay of Javanese descent.[4]

Muhyiddin received his primary education at Sekolah Kebangsaan Maharani, Muar, Johor, and Sekolah Kebangsaan Ismail, Muar, Johor. He received his secondary education at the Muar High School, Johor. Subsequently, he attended the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur and received an honours bachelor's degree in economics and Malay studies in 1971.

Early career

After the completion of his studies, Muhyiddin joined the Johor state public service as the assistant secretary of training and scholarship. In 1974, he was appointed the assistant district officer (ADO) of Muar. He left the civil service to join the corporate sector in the Johor State Economic Development Corporation (PKENJ), managing its subsidiary companies like Sergam Berhad as managing director (1974–1977), Equity Mal (Johore) Sdn Bhd as Director (1974–1978), Sri Saujana Berhad as managing director (1974–1978) and SGS Ates (M) Sdn Bhd as Human Resources Manager (1974).

Political career

Muhyiddin's involvement in politics began when he joined UMNO as ordinary member at the Pagoh division in 1971. He was elected as UMNO Youth Chief of the Pagoh division and the Secretary in 1976. Later he became Youth Chief of Johor state UMNO Youth until 1987.

Muhyiddin occupied the seats of Exco in the national Malaysia UMNO Youth. In 1984, Muhyiddin was elected the UMNO Division Chief of Pagoh replacing Othman Saat. Muhyiddin rose up the ranks and file of Johor UMNO quickly. From being a state executive council member, he rose to become Johor UMNO's head and later became Menteri Besar of Johor.

Muhyiddin contested and was elected Member of Parliament for the Pagoh constituency in the 1978 general election and kept the seat until 1982. Muhyiddin was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs; subsequently he was promoted to Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Federal Territories and later the Ministry of Trade and Industry. In the 1986 general election, Muhyiddin contested and won the Johor State Legislative constituency seat of Bukit Serampang, opening the path for him to become the Menteri Besar of Johor on 13 August 1986.

His tenure as Menteri Besar lasted until 6 May 1995.

Muhyiddin returned to contest the Pagoh parliamentary seat in the 1995 General Election.

He served several different federal government cabinet posts as Minister of Youth and Sports (1995–1999), Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs (1999–2004), Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry (2004–2008) and Minister of International Trade and Industry (2008–2009). He was appointed Deputy Prime Minister, and Minister of Education, by Prime Minister Najib Razak in 2009.

In 1984, Muhyiddin contested a UMNO Supreme Council seat but lost. Muhyiddin was later appointed the UMNO Johor state liaison chairman and next appointed a Supreme Council member. In November 1990 he was a candidate for the UMNO vice-presidency, but lost again. Muhyiddin attempted again in the November 1993 UMNO party election, successfully this time. But he lost the 1996 election when defending the vice-president post. Eventually, in the election in 2000, he again won the post of vice-president of UMNO, remaining in that post until the October 2008 party election, when Muhyiddin successfully sought the higher post of deputy president, which was left vacant as the incumbent, Najib Razak (who was acting party president after the retirement of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi), became UMNO president.

2009 UMNO General Assembly and party election

Muhyiddin attacked Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's original transition plan as "too long", and some people say that at one point Muhyiddin was about to ask and force Abdullah to quit, though he never did so directly. During the 2008 general election, Muhyiddin managed to keep his seat and remained as an UMNO leader. Shocked by the election results, he called for reforms.

During the 2009 UMNO General Assembly and party election, Muhyiddin was a candidate for the deputy president post which was vacated by the incoming prime minister Najib Tun Razak. He was challenged by Mohd Ali Rustam, Malacca chief minister, and Muhammad Muhammad Taib, Rural and Regional Development Minister. Muhyiddin, seen as a supporter of Mahathir Mohamad, was seen to be the front-runner for the race, garnering many nominations by the UMNO divisions. But the competition was tough, as Taib and Rustam gained more ground especially from the Badawi camp. The race was tipped by political analysts to be very tight. However, the UMNO supreme council decided to disqualify Ali Rustam's candidacy after his assistants were caught involved with corruption after an investigation. The election resulted in Muhyiddin's election to the post with 1,575 votes to Muhammad Taib's 916.

Deputy Prime Minister

Muhyiddin was appointed deputy prime minister on 9 April 2009, when Najib took over from Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and unveiled his first Cabinet.

Continuing as Minister for Education, he announced the decision to return to the teaching of mathematics and science in Malay in all government primary and secondary schools.[5]

Muhyiddin waded into controversy in March 2010 by stating he was 'Malay first' rather than 'Malaysian first'.[6] He also said that there is nothing wrong with other races doing the same; for example, the Chinese could claim themselves to be "Chinese first, Malaysian second" and same for the Indians. On 13 July 2010 he said that anyone was free to form an association, including Chinese or Indian versions of the Malay rights group Perkasa.[7] Prime Minister Najib came to Muhyiddin's defence, denying that his statement was inconsistent with the "1Malaysia" concept promoted by the government.[8]

During Najib's mid-term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015, he was dropped from his position as Deputy Prime Minister. The dismissal came after Muhyiddin had made public and critical remarks about Najib's handling of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal. Najib stated that Muhyiddin's dismissal, and the contemporaneous dismissals of other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership, was to create a more "unified team".[9] Muhyiddin remained UMNO deputy president, but after keeping up criticism of UMNO, he was eventually sacked by the party's supreme council in June 2016.[3] Muhyiddin remained unrepentant, maintaining that he had never betrayed the party, and pledging to continue speaking out.[3]

Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia

In August 2016, Muhyiddin registered a new political party, called Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (PPBM or Bersatu for short) together with former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. Muhyiddin became the party's president while Mahathir and his son Mukhriz became the chairman and deputy-president respectively. The new party is focused on bumiputeras – Malays and Orang Asli – in the sense that full membership is only open to bumiputeras. Other races can join the party, but cannot vote or contest in party elections.[10]

Health issues

In the aftermath of 2018 general election (GE14), Muhyiddin was diagnosed with an early-stage tumour in the pancreas. He had spent one month in Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore from July to August 2018, during which he underwent a surgery to extract the tumour.[11] The operation was successful and he returned to Malaysia in stable condition.[12][13] He was scheduled for a series of follow-up chemotherapy treatment after Hari Raya Haji, for up to six months.[14] He told reporters at the Parliament that, 'for cancer cases such as this, it is normal to go through follow-up treatment including chemotherapy for 12 rounds over the duration of six months'.[12]

Based on medical advice, Muhyiddin took a one-month medical leave to recover post-surgery. Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad took charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs during Muhyiddin's absence.[15][16]

Prime Minister

On 29 February 2020, a week after the country was thrown into a political crisis, Muhyiddin was appointed Prime Minister by the King, following the abrupt resignation of Mahathir Mohamad five days before.[17][18] He is the first person appointed to the position while holding both a parliamentary and state seat at the same time.

2020 COVID-19 pandemic

During his administration, COVID-19 spread throughout the nation. In response, Muhyiddin implemented the 2020 Malaysia movement control order (MCO) on 16 March 2020 to prevent the disease from infecting more Malaysians. The MCO started nationwide from 18 March and was extended conditionally to 9 June 2020.[19] In response to the economic impact of Covid-19, he introduced an economic stimulus package worth RM 250 billion on 27 March to soften the economic strain during the MCO.[20]

On 1 May in conjunction with Labour Day, Muhyiddin announced Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) whereby certain economic sectors were allowed to operate gradually as long as SOP are followed. Travel restrictions are partly lifted to allow stranded students staying in their campuses and people who are stuck in other states to return to their respective home. Sports, recreational and large gatherings are still prohibited under the CMCO.

An announcement was made on 10 May that the CMCO will last for another four weeks to 9 June. More sectors will be allowed to operate and fewer restrictions are applied.[21] Shopping malls, dine-in and non-contact sports are allowed as long as social distancing is observed.[22]

On 22 May, Muhyiddin entered into a 14-day quarantine after an officer who attended the post-Cabinet meeting at the Prime Minister's Office on 21 May tested positive for COVID-19.[23] On 4 June 2020, he completed the 14-day quarantine period and was tested negative for COVID-19. Therefore, he was allowed to return to the workplace to discharge his official duties as Prime Minister.

The CMCO was converted into Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) and will begin from 10 June until 31 August. Under the RMCO, more restrictions will be relaxed to allow the public to carry out their daily activities while complying to the standard operating procedures. Almost all social, religious, business and educational activities are allowed to resume. Hair salons, morning and night markets, and sports-related businesses like gymnasiums will open on a staggered basis as well as religious congregation such as prayers as long as strict SOPs are followed.[24] Reflexology centres, nightclubs, theme parks, karaoke centres and gatherings such as kenduri (feast), are still barred during the RMCO.

Election results
Parliament of Malaysia
Year Constituency Government Votes Pct Opposition Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1978 P104 Pagoh, Johor Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 17,679 89.52% Abd Wahab Abd Rahman (PAS) 2,069 10.48% 19,748 15,610 75.08%
1982 Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 19,035 83.05% Sumadi Ahmad (PAS) 2,652 11.57% 22,921 16,383 74.86%
1995 P127 Pagoh, Johor Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 21,856 83.70% Rosdan Taha Abd Rahman (S46) 4,257 16.30% 27,492 17,599 70.68%
1999 Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 20,132 73.35% Alias Shamsir (PKR) 7,282 26.53% 28,327 12,850 71.19%
2004 P143 Pagoh, Johor Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 23,679 82.64% Mohamed Awang (PAS) 4,932 17.21% 29,534 18,747 65.43%
2008 Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 21,028 71.22% Mohamad Rozali Jamil (PAS) 8,447 28.61% 30,313 12,581 75.70%
2013 Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 26,274 66.01% Mohamad Rozali Jamil (PAS) 13,432 33.75% 40,612 12,842 86.79%
2018 Muhyiddin Yassin (PPBM) 23,558 55.21% Ismail Mohamed (UMNO) 16,631 38.97% 42,672 6,927 82.83%
Ahmad Nawfal Mahfodz (PAS) 2,483 5.82%
Johor State Legislative Assembly
Year Constituency Government Votes Pct Opposition Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1986 N5 Bukit Serampang Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) None None
Unopposed
1990 Muhyiddin Yassin (UMNO) 9,260 80.52% Omar Lambak (S46) 2,240 19.48% 11,911 7,020 76.31%
2018 N9 Gambir Muhyiddin Yassin (PPBM) 10,280 53.33% M. Asojan Muniyandy (MIC) 7,192 37.31% 19,278 3,088 84.83%
Mahfodz Mohamed (PAS) 1,806 5.63%

Honours
gollark: Hail the God-Emperor TJ09 - he is never wrong!!!!!!!!!
gollark: There's not enough room to say specifically "multiple hatchlings"...
gollark: Probably.
gollark: For a *cheese*.
gollark: A second generation xenowyrm.

See also

References
  1. "Don't spell my name as Mahiaddin, Muhyiddin tells Election Commission". The Star. 29 April 2018.
  2. "Factbox: Muhyiddin, Malaysia PM candidate for Mahathir's party". Reuters. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  3. "UMNO sacks former Malaysian DPM Muhyiddin Yassin and Mukhriz Mahathir". Channel NewsAsia. 24 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  4. "Archives". The Star. Malaysia. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011.
  5. "Muhyiddin defends PPSMI decision" Archived 25 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine, The Malaysian Insider, 21 July 2009.
  6. Muhyiddin: I'm Malay first on YouTube 31 March 2010
  7. "Muhyiddin: All can form own 'Perkasa'". themalaysianinsider.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2010.
  8. "PM defends Muhyiddin’s ‘Malay first’ statement" Archived 20 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine, The Star, 2 April 2010.
  9. "1MDB scandal: Malaysia PM Najib Razak sacks deputy, attorney-general as corruption allegations mount". ABC News (Australia). 29 July 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  10. "Muhyiddin registers Mahathir's new party". Strait Times. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  11. "Muhyiddin returns home after month-long treatment in Singapore – Nation". The Star. Malaysia. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  12. "Muhyiddin to start chemo after Hari Raya Haji". Free Malaysia Today. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  13. "Muhyiddin resting well after Thursday's surgery". New Straits Times. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  14. "Muhyiddin to resume work next week while undergoing chemo | The Malaysian Insight". www.themalaysianinsight.com. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  15. "Muhyiddin on one-month medical leave". The Edge Markets. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  16. "Muhyiddin: 'I miss attending Cabinet meetings'". Malay Mail. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  17. Lee, Yen Nee (2 March 2020). "Malaysia's new prime minister has been sworn in – but some say the political crisis is 'far from over'". CNBC. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020.
  18. Beech, Hannah (29 February 2020). "Malaysia's Premier, Mahathir Mohamad, 94, Is Out. Or So It Seems". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020.
  19. Hassan, Hazlin (16 March 2020). "Malaysia bans travel abroad, shuts schools and businesses over coronavirus spread; lockdown till March 31". The Straits Times. Singapore. Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  20. "Muhyiddin unveils RM250bil economic stimulus package". The Star. Kuala Lumpur. 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  21. Koya, Zakiah; Tang, Ashley; Lai, Allison; Lee, Stephanie; Chua, Andy; Sekaran, R. (11 May 2020). "PM: CMCO extended till June 9". The Star. Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  22. Lim, Ida (12 May 2020). "Selangor's new CMCO rules: Dine-in, food trucks, fishing, all parks allowed; hiking, camping still banned". Malay Mail. Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  23. Loo, Cindi (22 May 2020). "Covid-19: Muhyiddin under quarantine after officer who attended Cabinet meeting tests positive". The Sun Daily. Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  24. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/06/598700/cmco-end%C2%A0replaced-rmco-until-aug-31
  25. "Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat". Prime Minister's Department.
  26. "Muhyiddin heads list of Kedah state award recipients". The Malay Mail. Bernama. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  27. "Muhyiddin heads list of 566 Melaka award recipients". Bernama. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  28. "Sultan of Perak 82nd birthday honours list". The Star. Malaysia. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  29. "Five royals on Negri Sembilan honours list". The Star. Malaysia. 14 January 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  30. "DPM heads Sabah TYT honours list". The Star. Malaysia. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  31. "Muhyiddin heads Sabah honours list". Borneo Post. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  32. "Sarawak Honours List 2008". The Star. Malaysia. 5 November 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  33. "TPM terima Bintang Kenyalang Sarawak" (in Malay). Malaysiakini. 13 February 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2019.

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