Menteri Besar of Johor
The Menteri Besar of Johor is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Johor. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Johor State Legislative Assembly.
| Menteri Besar of Johor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Government of Johor | |
| Style | Yang Amat Berhormat (The Most Honourable) |
| Member of | Johor State Executive Council |
| Reports to | Johor State Legislative Assembly |
| Residence | Saujana, Johor Bahru, Johor |
| Seat | Bangunan Dato' Jaafar Muhammad, Kota Iskandar, 79000 Iskandar Puteri, Johor |
| Appointer | Ibrahim Ismail as Sultan of Johor |
| Term length | 5 years or lesser, renewable once (while commanding the confidence of the Johor State Legislative Assembly With State Elections held no more than five years apart) |
| Inaugural holder | Jaafar Mohamed |
| Formation | 1886 |
| Website | www |
The 18th and current Menteri Besar of Johor is Dato' Ir. Hasni Mohammad, who took office on 28 February 2020.
Appointment
According to the state constitution, the Sultan of Johor shall first appoint the Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council and requires such Menteri Besar to be a member of the Legislative Assembly who in His Majesty's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Assembly, must be an ethnic Malay who professes the religion of Islam and must not a Malaysian citizen by naturalisation or by registration. The Sultan on the Menteri Besar's advice shall appoint not more than ten nor less than four members from among the members of the Legislative Assembly.
The member of the Executive Council must take and subscribe in the presence of the Sultan the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy before they can exercise the functions of office. The Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly. The members of the Executive Council shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause conflict of interest.
If a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly, or the Legislative Assembly passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Menteri Besar is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Sultan's choice of replacement Menteri Besar will be dictated by the circumstances. A member of the Executive Council other than the Menteri Besar shall hold office during the pleasure of the Sultan, unless the appointment of any member of the Executive Council shall have been revoked by the Sultan on the advice of the Menteri Besar but may at any time resign his office.
Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeated in an election or the death of the Menteri Besar, the Sultan will generally appoint as Menteri Besar the person voted by the governing party as their new leader.
Powers
The power of the Menteri Besar is subject to a number of limitations. Menteri Besar removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the Legislative Assembly, must advise a state election or resign the office or be dismissed by the Sultan. The defeat of a supply bill (one that concerns the spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Legislative Assembly, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called loss of supply.
The Menteri Besar's party will normally have a majority in the Legislative Assembly and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Johor politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the Legislative Assembly is mostly a formality.
Caretaker Menteri Besar
The legislative assembly unless sooner dissolved by the Sultan with His Majesty's own discretion on the advice of the Menteri Besar shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. The state constitution permits a delay of 60 days of general election to be held from the date of dissolution and the legislative assembly shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one legislative assembly and the convening of the next, the Menteri Besar and the executive council remain in office in a caretaker capacity.
List of Menteris Besar of Johor
The following is the list of Menteris Besar of Johor since 1886:[1][2]
Colour key (for political parties):
Alliance Party
Barisan Nasional
Pakatan Harapan
Perikatan Nasional
| # | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency |
Political party[lower-alpha 1] | Term of office | Electoral mandates (Assembly) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jaafar Muhammad (1838–1919) |
No party | 1886 | 1919 | – | ||
| Vacant | 1919 | 16 July 1920 | – | ||||
| 2 | Mohamed Mahbob (1852–1926) |
No party | 16 July 1920 | 1922 | – | ||
| Vacant | 1922 | September 1923 | – | ||||
| 3 | Abdullah Jaafar (1875–1934) |
No party | September 1923 | 16 September 1928 | – | ||
| 4 | Mustapha Jaafar (1862–1946) |
No party | 16 September 1928 | 23 November 1931 | – | ||
| 5 | Abdul Hamid Yusof (1876–1934) |
No party | 23 November 1931 | 28 December 1934 | – | ||
| Vacant | 28 December 1934 | April 1935 | – | ||||
| 6 | Ungku Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid (1887–1951) |
No party | April 1935 | 1 June 1947 | – | ||
| 7 | Onn Jaafar (1895–1962) |
UMNO | 1 June 1947 | 18 May 1950 | – | ||
| Vacant | 18 May 1950 | 18 February 1952 | – | ||||
| 8 | Syed Abdul Kadir Mohamed (1900–1960) |
UMNO | 18 February 1952 | 5 June 1955 | – | ||
| Alliance (UMNO) | |||||||
| Vacant | 5 June 1955 | 1 October 1955 | – | ||||
| 9 | Wan Idris Ibrahim (1888–1973) |
Alliance (UMNO) | 1 October 1955 | 16 June 1959 | – | ||
| Vacant | 16 June 1959 | 27 June 1959 | – | ||||
| 10 | Hassan Yunus (1907–1968) MLC for Muar Inland, 1954–1959 MLA for Bukit Serampang, 1959–1968 |
Alliance (UMNO) | 27 June 1959 | 31 January 1967 |
1959 (1st) | ||
| 11 | Othman Saat (1927–2007) MLA for Jorak, 1959–1974 MLA for Kesang, 1974–1982 |
Alliance (UMNO) | February 1967 | April 1982 |
– (2nd) | ||
| BN (UMNO) | |||||||
| 12 | Abdul Ajib Ahmad (1947–2011) MLA for Endau, 1982–1986 |
BN (UMNO) | 29 April 1982 | 12 August 1986 |
1982 (6th) | ||
| 13 |  |
Muhyiddin Yassin (b. 1947) MLA for Bukit Serampang, 1986–1995 |
BN (UMNO) | 12 August 1986 | 3 May 1995 |
1986 (7th) | |
| 14 |  |
Abdul Ghani Othman (b. 1946) MLA for Serom, 1995–2013 |
BN (UMNO) | 3 May 1995 | 14 May 2013 |
1995 (9th) | |
| 15 | Mohamed Khaled Nordin (b. 1958) MLA for Permas, 2013-2018 |
BN (UMNO) | 14 May 2013 | 12 May 2018 |
2013 (13th) | ||
| 16 | Osman Sapian (b. 1951) MLA for Kempas, 1999–2013, since 2018 |
PH (PPBM) | 12 May 2018 | 8 April 2019 |
2018 (14th) | ||
| Vacant | 9 April 2019 | 13 April 2019 | – | ||||
| 17 | Sahruddin Jamal (b. 1975) MLA for Bukit Kepong, since 2018 |
PH (PPBM) | 14 April 2019 | 28 February 2020 |
2018 (14th) | ||
| 18 | Hasni Mohammad (b. 1959) MLA for Benut, since 2008 |
PN (UMNO) | 28 February 2020 | Incumbent |
2018 (14th) | ||
- This column names only the Menteri Besar's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.
Living former Menteris Besar
| Name | Term of office | Date of birth |
|---|---|---|
| Muhyiddin Yassin | 1986–1995 | 15 May 1947 (age 73) |
| Abdul Ghani Othman | 1995–2013 | 14 November 1946 (age 73) |
| Mohamed Khaled Nordin | 2013–2018 | 30 November 1958 (age 61) |
| Osman Sapian | 2018–2019 | 24 December 1951 (age 68) |
| Sahruddin Jamal | 2019–2020 | 26 May 1975 (age 45) |
References
- "Bibliografi Menteri Besar Johor" (in Malay). Johor State Government. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- "Johore". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
