COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
The COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 3 March 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to Argentina.[1][2][3][4] As of 14 August 2020 a total of 282,424 people were confirmed to have been infected, and 5,527 people were known to have died because of the virus.[5]
| COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina | |
|---|---|
 Cleaning the Buenos Aires Underground in March 2020 | |
  | |
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Argentina |
| First outbreak | Wuhan, China |
| Index case | Buenos Aires |
| Arrival date | 3 March 2020 (5 months, 1 week and 5 days) |
| Confirmed cases | 282,424[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] |
| Active cases | 77,905 |
| Critical cases | 1,718 |
| Recovered | 198,992 |
Deaths | 5,527 |
| Government website | |
| www.argentina.gob.ar/COVID-19 | |
On 7 March, the Ministry of Health confirmed the country's first documented death, a 64-year-old man who had travelled to Paris, France, who also had other health conditions;[6] the case was only confirmed as positive after the patient's demise.[6]
On 19 March a nation-wide lockdown until 31 March was established in Argentina.[7][8] The government later extended the lockdown to mid April,[9] then 26 April;[10] and on 25 April, President Alberto Fernández announced that the lockdown would be extended in major cities until 10 May.[11] The lockdown was lifted throughout all the country, excepting the Greater Buenos Aires urban area, on 10 May, with Greater Buenos Aires locked down until 24 May,[12] later extended to 7 June,[13] and then 28 June, after a big jump in the number of new cases in this area.[14] On 26 June, Fernández announced that the restrictions on movement in this area that were previously eased would be tightened again until 17 July due to a large spike in cases on the previous days.[15] Finally, on 17 July, the President announced that the lockdown would be gradually loosened in several stages to lead to the return to normality,[16] although the restrictions were extended again first until 16,[17] and then 30 August.[18]
Responses to the outbreak have included restrictions on commerce and movement, closure of borders, and the closure of schools and educational institutions.[19] Clusters of infections and deaths have occurred in nursing homes, prisons and other detention centers, and urban areas.[20][21] The number of tests increased over time, although there were some concerns as there was less testing than in other countries of the region such as Chile and Peru.[22] Even so, the government's responses to the pandemic were among the best received by the population in the region.[23]
Background
On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[24][25] The case fatality rate for COVID-19[26][27] has been much lower than the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak, but transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[28][26]
Timeline
February
After the cruise ship Diamond Princess was quarantined in the Port of Yokohama in Japan after 10 passengers were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic,[29] among the passengers diagnosed positive was the first Argentine infected, a 61-year-old man travelling with his wife, who had no symptoms. The patient was later transferred to a hospital in Japan.[30] The other seven Argentines on board, including his wife, remained on the cruise in quarantine until February 21.[31] The man was finally released on February 17. He left Japan on February 24 and arrived in Argentina on February 26.[32]
March
A first case of the COVID-19 was confirmed in Buenos Aires on 3 March, in a 43-year-old man who had arrived two days earlier from Milan, Italy.[2] Two days later, the second case was confirmed in a 23-year-old man living in Buenos Aires, who had recently returned from Northern Italy.[33] Rapidly, on the next day the total cases increased to eight.[34]
The Ministry of Health confirmed the country's first death from coronavirus in the country on 7 March, a 64-year-old man who had travelled to Paris who also had other health conditions.[6] The person was not among the eight already diagnosed with the disease and was diagnosed post-mortem.[35]
On 11 March, the government also announced a mandatory 14-day-quarantine to every person that returned to Argentina from highly affected countries including China, South Korea, Japan, Iran, the United States and all of Europe.[36][37] The first cases from local transmission were confirmed on the next day in Buenos Aires and the provinces of Buenos Aires, Chaco, and Córdoba.[38] In Chaco, the first native transmission was also confirmed.[39] The first patient with the virus in the country was discharged and left hospital in Buenos Aires the next day.[40][41]
Tierra del Fuego was put on lockdown on 16 March, becoming the first province to do so.[42] The provinces of Chaco, Misiones, Salta, Jujuy, Mendoza and Tierra del Fuego closed their borders on 18 March.[43] On the next day, in the night of 19 March, President Alberto Fernández announced a mandatory lockdown, in effect from midnight on 20 March until 31 March,[7][8] but on 29 March Fernández announced that the mandatory lockdown would be extended until April 12.[9]
On 23 March, Ministry of Health officials reported the virus was spreading via "community transmission" in the City of Buenos Aires, its surroundings and some cities in Chaco, Tierra del Fuego and Córdoba provinces.[44] March concluded with 1,054 confirmed cases and 27 fatal victims.[45]
April
On 8 April,President Fernández announced that the mandatory lockdown would be extended beyond 12 April, with "flexibilisation" of few activities only.[46] In the night of 10 April, Fernández confirmed that the lockdown would be extended until 26 April in major cities,[10] and that the flexibilisation of restrictions in zones with lesser risk would be analysed.[47] A third phase of the lockdown was later announced by the president on 25 March, extending it to major cities until 10 May.[48]
After appearance of three asymptomatic cases, Buenos Aires authorities introduced compulsory masking starting on April 14. Wearing a face mask was made obligatory for everyone on public transit and everyone who contacts with the public in their position. Violators would face a fine. Authorities also prohibited the sale of N95 masks to non-medical workers, suggesting the general public to use home-made masks instead.[49]
April finally concluded with 4,415 confirmed cases, 218 deaths and 1,245 recoveries.[50]
May–July
On 8 May, Fernández announced that the national lockdown would be "relaxed" throughout the country with the exception of Greater Buenos Aires, where the lockdown was extended first until 24 May,[12] and later until 7 June (on 23 May), due to a big increase in the number of new cases in the previous days of the announcement.[13] May ended with 16,838 confirmed cases, 539 deaths and 5,323 recoveries.[51]
On 9 June, The Government of the Province of Formosa reported the first case of COVID-19 in its province, leaving the province of Catamarca as the only province that did not report any cases at the time.[52]
Martín Insaurralde, the Mayor of Lomas de Zamora was diagnosed with COVID-19 and isolated on 12 June.[53] After having meetings with the mayor, the Ministry of Social Development was also tested.[54] This led to the suspension of the previously planned president's visit to Catamarca, the only province that has not reported any cases to this date.[55]
The first official data from ICU bed occupation became available on 24 June, with an occupation of 45 percent throughout the country.[56] A few days later, it was informed that June concluded with 64,517 confirmed cases, 1,307 deaths and 22,015 recoveries from the virus.[57]
On 3 July, The Governor of the Province of Catamarca confirmed its first case within the province. Catamarca was the last province to report its first case since the virus reached the country on 3 March.[58]
At a press conference given by President Fernández, Governors Axel Kicillof (Province of Buenos Aires), Jorge Capitanich (Chaco), Gerardo Morales (Jujuy) and Arabela Carreras (Río Negro), and the Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires, Horacio Rodríguez Larreta on 17 July, it was announced that the lockdown would be loosened in the coming weeks, in an attempt to return to normality.[16] Two weeks later, on 31 July, in another press conference, Fernández announced that the lockdown restrictions at that moment would continue until 16 August as there were a record of cases and deaths in the past days due to the virus.[17] July concluded with 191,289 confirmed cases, 3,543 deaths and 83,767 recoveries.[59]
August
On 9 August, the Ministry of Health confirmed a total of 61,867 new recoveries on that day. This big jump was due to a revision on the definition of a recovery, which now included (among the discharged from the hospitals) mild cases in which the system would automatically discharge 10 days after the symptom onset date. This led to a recovery rate of 70% of confirmed COVID-19 cases through the date.[60]
During this month, schools and sports began the return to their activities. Over 10,000 students in San Juan became the first to return to face-to-face classes through social distancing on 10 August.[61][62] The Argentine Football Association (AFA) announced that after health protocols being approved by the government, practices of the Men's First Division and Women's First Division would definitely return on 10 August.[63][64]
On 14 August, it was confirmed that the Governor of Jujuy (Gerardo Morales) and the Security Minister from the Province of Buenos Aires (Sergio Berni) tested positive for COVID-19.[65][66] They both described that were "asymptomatic" and also "complying with isolation and all medical recommendations".[67]
Medical responses
The Ministry of Health summoned health professionals to provide health services in the context of the pandemic, in search of reinforcing the teams made up by the national and provincial governments. This call included nurses, biochemists, physiotherapists and physicians, in particular in the fields of medical clinic, cardiology, pneumonology, adult and pediatric intensive care, emergentology, pediatrics and general and/or family medicine. Proposals from professionals from other specialties were also received.[68] Around 4,000 people joined a call from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) to summon volunteers to help on the influenza vaccination campaign, advanced medical students to be in triage in tents near hospitals where the patients will be first checked, volunteers to do a follow-up of isolated patients at home with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19, and volunteers to work on logistics.[69]
The ANLIS-Malbrán (National Administration of Laboratories and Health Institutes "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán") began carrying out 300 daily COVID-19 tests. Later, after 820 confirmed cases were reached, the Ministry of Health started the delivery of 35,000 reactives to expand the number of laboratories for diagnosis to all 24 jurisdictions in order to decentralize the testings,[70] making the number of testings increase over time.[71] Private medical clinics will be able to do up to 7,500 daily tests to decompress the public health system. Previously, the delivery of the diagnostic result was taking four to five days on average for patients in private clinics.[72]
As an effort to fight and contain the virus, the Ministry of Health implemented a plan of contact tracing in defined areas where an increase in the number of cases is detected or estimated. The plan launched first in Buenos Aires and was later extended troughout the country.[73] The program, called Detectar (Detect in English; Strategic Testing Device for Coronavirus in Argentina Terrain), launched on May after a big jump in the number of cases in low socioeconomic class and densely populated neighborhoods in Greater Buenos Aires, known as villas.[74]
On 17 April, a clinical trial based on plasma donation of recovered patients from COVID-19 was created to find out if the antibodies of a recovered patient could benefit those who are being infected.[75][76][77] It began on hospitals and hemotherapy centers in Greater Buenos Aires and was later extended to the rest of the country.[78]
.jpg)
Argentine scientists developed a quick diagnosis test to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), approved by the National Administration of Medicines, Food and Medical Technology (ANMAT in Spanish). The test, called NEOKIT-COVID-19, allows to obtain results in almost an hour and it offers a high degree of sensitivity (which reduces the possibility of false negatives) and specificity (which minimizes the probability of false positives).[79] This test allows testing RNA samples and does not require complex equipment (such as thermal cyclers).[80] It was expected that 10,000 tests would be produced within the first 10 days.[81][82] On 13 June, a new announcement of another quick diagnosis test to detect the SARS-CoV-2 was made. Called ELA-chemstrip, it was developed by Argentine scientists from the National University of Quilmes and the National University of General San Martín.[83]
On 31 May, it was announced that Argentine scientists were also working to develop a COVID-19 vaccine, a project subsidized by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation.[84][85] On 10 July, pharmaceutical corporations Pfizer and BioNTech announced that the clinical trial for the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162 that was on phase I–II as of the day of the announcement, would begin on early-August in Argentina, soon after the trial began on Germany and the United States. After it would be approved by the ANMAT, the trial would take place at the Central Militar Hospital.[86][87] The trial is made by mRNA constructs and consists of four vaccines, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding and vaccine candidate-selection, and would begin its phase IIb-III after preliminary data from the previous phase were positive.[88][89][90] One month later, Fernández announced that the vaccine produced by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca (AZD1222) would begin production alongside Mexico after an agreement with the British pharmaceutical company and the biotechnology company mAbxience. Initially 150 million doses of the vaccine would be produced to supply all of Latin America (with the exception of Brazil).[91][92] As of the day of the announcement, the vaccine, consisting of modified chimp adenovirus vector,[93] was entering phase III.[94]
A COVID-19 hyperimmune serum based on equine polyclonal antibodies was developed by Argentine biotech company Inmunova. The antibodies were obtained by injecting a recombinant protein of SARS-CoV-2 in these animals, with in vitro testings demonstrating the ability to neutralize the virus. On 24 July, the trial entered its phase II–III after being approved by ANMAT.[95][96]
Government responses
The government's responses to the pandemic was very well seen, including the mandatory lockdown and strict social distancing measures, resulting in a general better look in the number of cases and deaths than other countries in the region.[97] The measures also brought some concerns with the economic impact that it could cause to the country.[98] Even so, the way that president Fernández and its government handled the country's response to the spread of COVID-19 resulted in the best numbers of public approval since the president's assumption in December 2019.[99] Argentina was among the Latin American countries that earned the best grades for their response to the pandemic, according to a poll conducted in the region, only behind Uruguay and Paraguay.[23]
Since late-May, a few protesters began to rally in Buenos Aires to demand end of the lockdown, ignoring social distancing rules, and with the call to prioritise the re-opening of Argentina's economy and some conspiratorial overtones, due to the small and medium size businesses and self-employed workers' economic struggle during this time. Despite the protests, a vast majority of Argentines are supportive of the lockdown, according to polls.[100]
First measures
On 11 March, the government announced a mandatory 14-day-quarantine to every person that returned to Argentina from highly affected countries such as China, South Korea, Japan, Iran, the United States and all of Europe.[36][37]
On 15 March, it was announced that the government would close its borders for a total of 15 days to non-residents and national parks, and the suspension of public and private school classes in all levels and flights from highly affected countries for 30 days.[19]
On 16 March, the province of Tierra del Fuego was put on lockdown, becoming the first province to do so.[42] The provinces of Chaco, Misiones, Salta, Jujuy, Mendoza and Tierra del Fuego also decided to close their borders on 18 March.[43]
Nationwide measures
.jpg)
Mandatory lockdown
On 19 March, President Alberto Fernández announced a mandatory lockdown to curb the spread of coronavirus. It would take effect from 20 March until 31 March.[7] It was among the strictest measures in the region.[8]
The "preventive and mandatory social isolation" included the following measures:[101]
- Mandatory lockdown for all residents,
- The move of Malvinas Day from 2 April to 31 March,
- Allowance of purchases of foods, medicines and first need products,
- Transit control on the streets by Naval Prefecture, National Gendarmerie and Federal Police,
- Penalties to those that cannot justify their transit on the streets according to the Penal Code,
- Exception of the lockdown to state, health, food production, drugs production and oil industry workers and security forces,
- Creation of a government department that works on the pandemic and economic issues, and
- Guidelines to relieve the situation for non-formal sector.
On 29 March, Fernández announced that the mandatory lockdown would be extended until 12 April.[9]
The announcement of the lockdown was generally well received, although there were concerns with its economic impact in the already delicate state of Argentina's economy, with analysts predicting at least 3% GDP decrease in 2020.[98][102] Image of Fernández increased during the first weeks of the lockdown according to some surveys,[103] but later suffered a slightly decrease on April due to the prolongation of the lockdown.[104][105][106][107][108] The University of Buenos Aires also made a survey, in which most people agreed to the measures taken by the president.[109]
Fernández announced a one-time emergency payment of 10,000 pesos (US$154) to lower-income individuals whose income was affected by the lockdown, including retirees.[110] Because banks were excluded in the list of businesses that were considered essential in Fernandez's lockdown decree, they remained closed until the Central Bank announced banks would open during a weekend starting on 3 April.[111]
Administrated lockdown
On 10 April, Fernández confirmed that the lockdown would be extended until 26 April under a "new phase"[47] with new authorizations available for workers of some services such as banks, among others.[10]
Geographical segmentation
The third phase of the lockdown was announced on 25 April by president Fernández. The lockdown would resume to workers of private construction, medical and dental care, industry production and online commerce, lawyers, and accountants, among others, in some provinces such as Entre Ríos, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Salta, San Juan, Santa Cruz and Tucumán, with the respective health protocols.[112] Cities with population over 500,000 inhabitants are still under mandatory lockdown due to the communitary transmission of the virus.[48]
Progressive reopening
On 8 May, President Fernández announced alongside the City of Buenos Aires' Chief of Government Horacio Rodríguez Larreta and Buenos Aires Province Governor Axel Kicillof, that the national lockdown would enter its fourth phase throughout all the country (with the exception of the Greater Buenos Aires urban area), allowing the reopening of factories and business. The Greater Buenos Aires zone will maintain the geographical segmentation phase due to the number of cases that are still being registered in the area, but will allow children to go outside accompanied by an adult.[12][113] The lockdown in the Greater Buenos Aires was later extended until 7 June after the number of cases in this area in the previous days showed a big increase.[13][114] Later, on 4 June, the lockdown was extended again until 28 June in the Greater Buenos Aires area after the country just surpassed 20,000 cases.[14] New activities allowed in the area included opening of shops in "low concentration" areas, outdoor walks with children on the weekends, outdoor physical activities from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m., and religious services by streaming, among other measures taken by each municipality.[115]
A survey realised during the first days of May, expresses that the main concern of the surveyed people was the fear of virus contagion (50.9%) instead of the worries of a worsening in the economic situation (49.1%).[116] Also, another survey expressed that 3 out of 10 Argentines believe the WHO reports about the COVID-19 origins.[117]
Lockdown tightening
President Fernández announced on 26 June that the restrictions on movement in Buenos Aires that were previously eased, would be tightened again since 1 July due to a spike in COVID-19 cases on Greater Buenos Aires. This phase of the lockdown would be extended until 17 July.[15] According to Fernández, this urban area saw an increase of 147% of COVID-19 cases, and an increase of 95% on deaths due to the disease during the previous 20 days of the announcement. Fernández also confirmed that 97% of detected cases across the country occur in the Greater Buenos Aires.[118] New restrictions include: public transportation allowed only for essential workers, prohibition of outdoor activities and stronger transit control on the streets. Allowance of purchases of foods, medicines and first need products would be the only activity allowed without any permission.[119]
Lockdown loosening
After the end of the previous phase of the lockdown in Greater Buenos Aires, President Fernández finally announced on 17 July that the lockdown would be gradually loosened in several stages to lead to the return to normality.[16] New activities allowed include individual outdoor recreation activities, opening of local shops, car washers, clothing and footwear stores, hairdressing, waxing, manicure and pedicure shops in all neighborhoods, return of administrative staff to schools, individual prayers in temples (with no more than 10 people on the site), return of dog walkers, opening of libraries (without staying in the place), and return of professional activities, such as lawyers and accountants, at least once a week.[120] Public transportation would still be only allowed for workers in essential areas such as healthcare, security, gastronomy and others.[121]
As the lockdown was due to expire on 2 August, Fernández announced in a press conference on 31 July that the restrictions would continue until 16 August at least, after the country recorded a record daily tally of new cases and deaths on the previous day of the announcement.[17] A few days later, the government decided to ban social gatherings across the country for 15 days amid surge of infections and fatalities.[122] The lockdown was again extended after 147 days (on 14 August), for two more weeks until 30 August.[18] Several cities that experienced a big growth in the number of confirmed cases in the previous weeks were put back into a tighter lockdown. The cities of Tartagal, La Rioja, Chamical, Santiago del Estero and La Banda were expected to join the places that were already with a strict lockdown such as Greater Buenos Aires, Jujuy (Libertador Gral. San Martín, Manuel Belgrano, El Carmen and San Pedro), Santa Cruz (Río Gallegos) and Tierra del Fuego (Río Grande).[123]
Impact
Healthcare
.jpg)
On 23 March, Argentina's President Fernández asked the president of China, Xi Jinping, for 1,500 ventilators as Argentina had only 8,890 available.[124][125] Previously, President Fernández announced the construction of eight emergency hospitals to deal with the pandemic on mid-March.[126] 2,452 non-hospital beds were made available to patients in the final stage of recovering from the disease from hospitals in the province of Buenos Aires.[127]
During the pandemic, more than 400 health professionals were infected, making the 15 percent of the total confirmed cases as of 19 April. According to the Argentinian Intensive Care Society, there are only 1,350 physicians trained for that specialty. Later the Ministry of Health summoned different health professionals, making that number rise over 3,122. The province of Chaco has the worst rate of health professionals infected, with the 52 percent of the total cases of that jurisdiction.[128]
Argentina's health system is also dealing with a Dengue fever outbreak, with more than 14,000 cases since 29 July 2019,[129] and the worse measles outbreak since the end of its endemic circulation, after 174 cases and a death were confirmed since the last year.[130]
Economy
Due to the national lockdown, the economical activity suffered a collapse of nearly 10% in March 2020 according to a consultant firm. The highest drop was of the construction sector (32%) versus March 2019. Every economical sector suffered a collapse, with finance, commerce, manufacturing industry and mining being the most affected. The agriculture sector was the least affected, but overall the economic activity for the first trimester of 2020 accumulates a 5% contraction. It was expected that the extension of the lockdown beyond April would increase the collapse of the Argentinian economy.[131] On March, the primary fiscal deficit jumped to US$1,394 million, an 857% increase year-to-year. This was due to the public spending to combat the pandemic and the drop in tax collection due to low activity in a context of social isolation.[132] On June, industrial production fell 6.6% versus June 2019. This was better than the forecast announced by analysts and a smaller drop than in the previous months since the beginning of the pandemic.[133]
President Fernández announced a 700 billion pesos (US$11.1 billion) stimulus package due to the pandemic, worth 2% of the country's GDP, and have focused on providing increased health spending, including for improvements in virus diagnostics, purchases of hospital equipment and construction of clinics and hospitals; support for workers and vulnerable groups, including through increased transfers to poor families, social security benefits (especially to low-income beneficiaries), unemployment insurance benefits, and payments to minimum-wage workers; support for hard-hit sectors, including an exemption from social security contributions, grants to cover payroll costs; and subsidized loans for construction-related activities; forbearance, including continued provision of utility services for households in arrears; and credit guarantees for bank lending to micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for the production of foods and basic supplies.[134][135][136][98] The country may also have to face its ninth sovereign default in history due to the recession.[137]
Measures also have been aimed at encouraging bank lending through lower reserve requirements on bank lending to households and SMEs, regulations that limit banks' holdings of central bank paper to provide space for SME lending, temporary easing of bank provisioning needs and of bank loan classification rules, and a stay on both bank account closures due to bounced checks and credit denial to companies with payroll tax arrears.[134]
According to a survey, approximately 143,000 SMEs would not be able to pay salaries and fixed costs for the month, even with government assistance, so they might have to borrow or increase their own capital contribution. 35,000 of these companies are considering to close their business.[138]
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that the COVID-19 crisis would plunge Argentina's GDP by 9.9 percent, after the country's economy contracted by 5.4 percent in first quarter of 2020, with unemployment rising over 10.4 percent in the first three months of the year, before the lockdown started.[139][140][141] Other reports also indicate that the economy might shrink between 10% to 12% during 2020.[133]
Travel
After announced a mandatory quarantine to every person that returned to Argentina from highly affected countries,[36][37] the government closed its borders, ports, and suspended flights.[19][142] The Argentina 2000 airports signed an agreement with the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation to reimburse 100% of the charges originated by the air cargo that enters the country that are directly or indirectly related to the COVID-19.[143]
Since 1 April, the government allowed the return of Argentine residents stranded abroad, with a maximum of 700 passengers per day. Seven border crossings opened temporarily to allow the repatriation of Argentina's inhabitants.[144] Hotels for local tourism closed too, being only open to people staying in a situation of lockdown though the time it lasts. Several tourism-related cities also saw a massive migration from Argentine residents after the announcement of the national lockdown. It was severely criticized by the government.[145]
According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Argentina was expected to loosen its travel ban earlier than the date that was previously announced by the government (1 September).[146] Later, it was announced that the government was planning to authorise foreign flights with a maximum passenger capacity of 70%, as soon as mid-August.[147]
During the last week of July, airline company Aerolíneas Argentinas sold over 188 thousand tickets, with the company reporting that 54 percent of passengers bought their tickets to travel from December 2020 to March 2021, while another 27 percent did so to travel between September and November 2020.[148]
Social impact
Argentina was reported to be among the countries in the region whose population adhered to the lockdown the most. Apple reported a decrease of 83 percent on vehicular mobility through April 26,[149] although 4,900 people were arrested across the country for violating the lockdown.[150] According to Google, since the lockdown, people movement in restaurants, shopping centers, cinemas and museums dropped by 86 percent, the presence of mobile phones on public transportation dropped 80 percent, and in offices a 57 percent. Meanwhile, the presence in residential zones increased by 27 percent.[151][152]
Education
Schools and universities closed indefinitely after the president's announcement of the lockdown. In response to the pandemic, classes moved to online distance learning.[153] 14 million students have been affected by the school closures.[154] Later, the government announced that was evaluating how they would open the schools in the future, and that they were working on the distribution of netbooks to students that do not have access to computers, with the criteria for distributing them based on socioeconomic indicators.[155]
On 9 June, the Ministry of Education expressed that 85 percent of students would be able to return to classes in August, though with special hygiene measures in place, but schools in the Greater Buenos Aires area would have to wait until infections in the region begin to drop off.[156] Three months later, on 3 August, the Ministry of Education confirmed that the provinces of Catamarca, San Juan and Santiago del Estero would begin a process of returning to class under a system that would involve dividing students into groups that could attend classrooms in weekly shifts.[157] On that day, schools of Catamarca and Santiago del Estero opened with directive, administrative and teaching personnel from the last years of primary and secondary levels, that were expected to prepare protocols to restart classes on 18 August.[158][159] Over 10,000 students in San Juan became the first to return to face-to-face classes through social distancing on 10 August.[61][62] The Minister of Education, Nicolás Trotta, also announced that classes would end throughout the country in December as expected.[160]
Public transportation
The government imposed a series of measurements for public transportation (taxis, buses and train services) focused on the hygiene of the units and recommendation of travel only if it's essential.[161] Public transportation services offered a Saturday-schedule until the start of the "administrated lockdown" on 13 April. Since this day, all public transportation services returned to the normal schedules, but still maintaining the hygiene measures to prevent the spread of the virus.[162]
On 4 May, the government announced a new protocol that orders that public transportation will only occupy 60 percent of its capacity. The combis and mini-buses services will also begin to work again since the begin of the mandatory lockdown.[163]
After the use of public transportation in Greater Buenos Aires grew by 60 percent in early June,[164] the government announced new measures to allow only "essential workers" for the use of train, bus and underground services.[165] Train passengers were be forced to reserve seats in order to travel since 29 June.[166] Under the lockdown tightening that came into effect on 1 July, public transportation use in Greater Buenos Aires dropped by 30 percent (around 300,000 passengers) on the first days compared versus the previous week.[167]
On 4 August, the Sarmiento Line of train interrupted its service after COVID-19 cases were detected among its employees.[168] 36 workers tested positive for the virus and 130 people had to be isolated. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the line accumulated 56 confirmed cases of COVID-19 to that date.[169]
Media
Since the start of the national lockdown, broadcast television saw a 30 percent increase of viewership during the week between 17 and 22 March. The networks increased the airtime of talk shows and news programming, while reality shows were still in production.[170][171][172]
A fundraising special show aimed to the Red Cross for supplying hospitals and health centers aired throughout all six broadcast networks (América TV, Televisión Pública, El Nueve, Telefe, El Trece and Net TV) on 5 April. The show, called "United for Argentina", included celebrities and famous people from the Argentine media. Donations reached a total of 87,938,624 Argentine pesos (ARS).[173]
The only telenovela that was airing on broadcast television before the beginning of the pandemic, Separadas (from El Trece), was removed from the schedule after its 19 March airing and production was suspended temporarily.[174] Two months later, producing company Pol-Ka definitely cancelled the show due to "economic reasons", leaving Argentine television without any scripted programming.[175]
The first cases of COVID-19 reached Argentine television in June. The first confirmed case was from El Nueve's sports journalist Guillermo Ferro.[176] Later, three producers from Telefe's El Precio Justo were also diagnosed, making the show to enter on hiatus and schedule reruns to air instead.[177] El Precio Justo's hostess Lizy Tagliani later reported that she was diagnosed positive for COVID-19. Telefe also announced that talk show Cortá por Lozano would be broadcast with the hostess and panelists from their homes as a preventive measure.[178] An employee from América TV was also diagnosed with COVID-19 on 18 June.[179] On 27 June, news channel C5N implemented a protocol to prevent new infections after one of their journalists, Fernanda Arena, tested positive for COVID-19.[180]
Sports
On 12 March, FIFA announced that the first two rounds of the South American qualification for the 2022 World Cup due to take place in March 2020 were postponed to later dates.[181] The same day, CONMEBOL announced that the Copa Libertadores would be temporarily suspended.[182] Later, on 17 March, CONMEBOL announced that the 2020 edition of Copa América was postponed to 2021.[183]
On 13 March, the 2020 running of Rally Argentina was postponed.[184] The MotoGP's Gran Premio Motul de la Republica Argentina was also scheduled to take place during the year but was later cancelled on 31 July.[185]
On 15 March, President Fernández announced that, among other measures, he intended to keep football matches ongoing but without audience.[186] The first match suspended by the Argentine Football Association (AFA) was between Club Atlético Independiente and Club Villa Mitre from the Copa Argentina. It was supposed to be played on 17 March, but was moved to 1 April.[187] On that same day, every football category was suspended indefinitely,[188] being the match between Club Atlético Colón and Rosario Central (for the Superliga) the last played, on 16 March.[189]
After months of uncertainty,[190][191] a tentative date for the return of football was announced. It was expected that since July 13, the teams would be able to return to practice after the players, coaching staff and club employees are tested, following the steps that were taken in European football, making the tournament to return on mid-September.[192] Later, on 4 August, the Argentine Football Association announced that after health protocols were approved by the government, practices of the Men's First Division and Women's First Division would definitely return on 10 August, later being joined by the First National on 2 September and the rest of the categories on 7 September.[63][64]
Statistics
| Region | Cases[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] | Deaths[lower-alpha 1] | Recov.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] | Cases/ 100k[lower-alpha 1] |
Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Argentina | 282,424 | 5,527 | 198,992 | 704 | [193] |
 |
Buenos Aires (C)[lower-alpha 3] | 116,796 | 2,210 | 31,486 | 4,040 | [194] |
 |
Buenos Aires (P) | 175,538 | 3,207 | 120,636 | 1,123 | [195] |
 |
Catamarca | 63 | 0 | 59 | 17 | [196] |
 |
Chaco | 4,328 | 176 | 3,801 | 410 | [197] |
 |
Chubut | 394 | 4 | 272 | 77 | [198] |
 |
Córdoba | 4,280 | 77 | 2,036 | 129 | [199] |
 |
Corrientes | 250 | 2 | 194 | 25 | [200] |
 |
Entre Ríos | 1,423 | 18 | 684 | 115 | [201] |
 |
Formosa | 87 | 0 | 80 | 16 | [202] |
 |
Jujuy | 4,428 | 115 | 3,116 | 658 | [203] |
 |
La Pampa | 181 | 0 | 133 | 33 | [204] |
 |
La Rioja | 878 | 32 | 356 | 263 | [205] |
 |
Mendoza | 3,101 | 67 | 993 | 178 | [206] |
 |
Misiones | 53 | 3 | 47 | 5 | [207] |
 |
Neuquén | 1,787 | 31 | 1,073 | 324 | [208] |
 |
Río Negro | 3,653 | 104 | 2,279 | 572 | [209] |
 |
Salta | 872 | 8 | 365 | 72 | [210] |
 |
San Juan | 22 | 0 | 18 | 3 | [211] |
 |
San Luis | 33 | 0 | 19 | 8 | [212] |
 |
Santa Cruz | 998 | 6 | 375 | 364 | [213] |
 |
Santa Fe | 2,953 | 29 | 1,851 | 92 | [214] |
 |
Santiago del Estero | 249 | 0 | 41 | 28 | [215] |
 |
Tierra del Fuego[lower-alpha 2] | 1,256 | 14 | 502 | 987 | [216] |
 |
Tucumán | 533 | 7 | 98 | 37 | [217] |
| Last updated: 15.08.2020, 13:00 (UTC-3) · History of cases: Argentina | ||||||
Notes
| ||||||
Data quality issues
Since 12 March, contrasted data between the numbers reported by the provincial ministries and the total number provided by the national Ministry of Health show differences. This is due to the fact that the ministries are giving their reports at different times throughout the day and also to different criteria regarding the counting of infected: by district of hospitalization or district of residence.[218]
Maps
- Number of confirmed cases by province (as of 14 August)
Number of confirmed deaths by province (as of 14 August)
Number of confirmed cases by jurisdiction (as of 14 August)
Number of confirmed cases by jurisdiction in Greater Buenos Aires (as of 14 August)
Cases and recoveries
Nationwide
The charts show the development of the pandemic starting from 3 March 2020, representing changes in net number of cases on a daily basis, based on the number of cases reported in the National Ministry of Health's daily reports.
| COVID-19 cumulative cases, active cases and recoveries in Argentina | |
    Total cases Active cases Recoveries | |
By district
The charts show the development of the pandemic starting from 3 March 2020, representing changes in net number of cases on a daily basis, based on the number of cases reported in the daily reports by each district.
| Daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Argentine districts | |
 
| |
Deaths
The charts show the development of deaths related to the pandemic starting from 7 March 2020, representing changes in net number of deaths on a daily basis, based on the number of deaths reported in the National Ministry of Health's daily reports.
| COVID-19 deaths in Argentina | |
  Deaths | |
Medical care
The charts show the development of ICU beds occupation related to the pandemic starting from 24 June 2020, representing changes in net number of beds occupation on a daily basis, based on the numbers reported in the National Ministry of Health's daily reports.
| COVID-19 ICU beds occupation in Argentina | |
   | |
Demographics
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
- COVID-19 pandemic by country
- COVID-19 pandemic in South America
- Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2020 in Argentina
References
- "Confirmaron el primer caso de coronavirus en la Argentina: es un hombre que viajó a Italia". Clarín (in Spanish). 3 March 2020. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- "Confirmaron el primer caso de coronavirus en la Argentina". Infobae (in Spanish). 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- Quinn, Sarah Marsh (now); Ben; Campbell, Lucy; Rourke (earlier), Alison; Tondo, Lorenzo; Marsh, Sarah; Mason, Rowena; Campbell, Lucy (3 March 2020). "Coronavirus: Iran to mobilise 300,000 soldiers and volunteers as 23 MPs infected – latest news". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 March 2020 – via www.theguardian.com.
- "Se confirmó el segundo caso de coronavirus en Argentina: es un hombre de 23 años que vino de Italia". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- "Informes diarios" [Daily reports] (in Spanish). Ministry of Health.
- "Primera muerte por coronavirus en Argentina: era un hombre que había viajado a Francia y estaba internado en el Argerich". Infobae (in Spanish). 7 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- "Argentina announces mandatory quarantine to curb coronavirus". Reuters. 19 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- Do Rosario, Jorgelina; Gillespie, Patrick (20 March 2020). "Argentina Orders 'Exceptional' Lockdown in Bid to Stem Virus". Bloomberg News.
- "Argentina extends coronavirus quarantine until mid April". Reuters. 29 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- "Argentina's Fernandez extends coronavirus lockdown through April 26". Reuters. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- "Argentina extends coronavirus quarantine until May 10". Reuters. 25 April 2020.
- "Argentina extends quarantine for capital Buenos Aires, relaxes elsewhere - President". Reuters. 9 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- Raszewski, Eliana; Garrison, Cassandra (23 May 2020). "Buenos Aires lockdown extended until June 7 after rise in coronavirus cases". Reuters. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- "Argentina extends lockdown in Buenos Aires until June 28". Reuters. 4 June 2020.
- Jourdan, Adam; Misculin, Nicolás; Raszewski, Eliana; Heath, Maximilian (26 June 2020). "Argentina tightens Buenos Aires lockdown as coronavirus cases surge". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020.
- Misculin, Nicolás (17 July 2020). "Argentina to ease Buenos Aires restrictions after nearly four months of tight lockdown". Reuters. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- Raszewski, Eliana; Garrison, Cassandra (31 July 2020). "Argentina extends coronavirus lockdown as cases rise". Reuters. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- "Después de 147 días, el Presidente volvió a extender la cuarentena hasta el 30 de agosto". Infobae (in Spanish). 14 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- "Argentina to close borders for non-residents to combat coronavirus". Reuters. 15 March 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- "Confirmaron al menos cinco muertes por coronavirus y otros 19 casos positivos en un geriátrico de San Martín". Infobae (in Spanish). 12 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: dio positivo un penitenciario en la cárcel de Devoto y otros seis agentes fueron aislados". Clarín (in Spanish). 23 April 2020.
- Arambillet, Delfina; Ruiz, Iván (4 May 2020). "Coronavirus: la Argentina es uno de los países que menos testeos hacen en la región". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- Misculin, Nicolás (3 July 2020). "Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina get best marks in Latin America for pandemic response - poll". Reuters. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- "Crunching the numbers for coronavirus". Imperial News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- "High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- "World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus". www.wfsahq.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus: confirman diez enfermos más en el crucero varado en Japón con ocho argentinos". La Nación (in Spanish). 6 February 2020.
- "Un argentino contrajo coronavirus en el crucero en Japón y fue derivado a un hospital". La Nación (in Spanish). 7 February 2020.
- "Coronavirus: evacuaron a cinco argentinos del crucero Diamond Princess y dos siguen aislados". La Nación (in Spanish). 21 February 2020.
- "Coronavirus: el primer argentino que se contagió en el crucero japonés se recuperó y volvió al país". Infobae (in Spanish). 4 March 2020.
- "Confirman el segundo caso de coronavirus en Argentina". El Cronista (in Spanish). 5 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- "Hay seis casos confirmados en el país". Todo Noticias (in Spanish). 6 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- Costa, José María (7 March 2020). "Confirman el primer muerto por coronavirus en la Argentina: un hombre de 64 años que estuvo en Francia". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: será obligatoria la cuarentena para quienes regresen de los países más afectados". Clarín (in Spanish). 11 March 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- "Cuarentena por coronavirus: cuáles son los países de riesgo para los viajeros que vuelven a la Argentina". Clarín (in Spanish). 9 March 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- "Confirmaron otros diez casos de coronavirus y tres de ellos se contagiaron en la Argentina". Infobae (in Spanish). 12 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- "Chaco confirma el primer caso vinculado con importación de COVID19". jujuyalmomento.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- "Dieron de alta al primer infectado por coronavirus en la Argentina". Infobae (in Spanish). 12 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- "Dieron el alta al "paciente cero" local pero debe seguir en aislamiento domiciliario" (in Spanish). Télam. 13 March 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- "Todo Tierra del Fuego queda en cuarentena hasta el 31 de marzo". infofueguina.com (in Spanish). 16 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus: seis provincias argentinas se autoaislaron". Minuto Uno (in Spanish). 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus en la Argentina: se registró el primer caso de transmisión comunitaria". Infobae (in Spanish). 23 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: murieron tres mujeres y ya son 27 los fallecidos en el país". Clarín (in Spanish). 31 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: la cuarentena se extenderá hasta el jueves 23 y será menos flexible de lo que se esperaba". Clarín (in Spanish). 7 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus en la Argentina: la cuarentena continuará hasta el 26 de abril, pero se flexibilizará en zonas del interior". Clarín (in Spanish). 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus en la Argentina: la cuarentena sigue hasta el 10 de mayo y adultos y niños podrán salir una hora al día". Clarín (in Spanish). 25 April 2020.
- "COVID-19: Face masks mandatory in Buenos Aires as of next Wednesday". The Santiago Times. 14 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: confirman otras 4 muertes y 143 nuevos casos en las últimas 24 horas". Clarín (in Spanish). 30 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: se confirmaron 637 casos nuevos y 11 muertes en las últimas 24 horas". Infobae (in Spanish). 31 May 2020.
- "Primer caso de coronavirus en Formosa". Página/12 (in Spanish). 9 June 2020.
- "El intendente de Lomas de Zamora, Martín Insaurralde, confirmó que tiene coronavirus". Infobae (in Spanish). 12 June 2020.
- "Daniel Arroyo fue aislado de la comitiva presidencial y se hizo el hisopado para saber si se contagió de coronavirus". Infobae (in Spanish). 12 June 2020.
- "La noticia de que Insaurralde tiene coronavirus obligó a Alberto Fernández a suspender su viaje a Catamarca". Infobae (in Spanish). 12 June 2020.
- Costa, José María (24 June 2020). "Coronavirus en la Argentina: 38 muertos y 2635 contagios en un día". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: se registraron 27 muertes y 2262 nuevos contagios". Página/12 (in Spanish). 30 June 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- "Catamarca registró su primer caso de coronavirus y ya no hay provincias sin contagios". Infobae (in Spanish). 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: se registraron 5929 nuevos contagios". Página/12 (in Spanish). 31 July 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- "Coronavirus en la Argentina: el 70 por ciento de los infectados ya está recuperado" (in Spanish). Télam. 9 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- "Students in San Juan Province become the first to return to face-to-face classes". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- "En plena pandemia, volvieron las clases presenciales en San Juan" (in Spanish). Télam. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- "La pasión del fútbol se apresta a volver en Argentina" (in Spanish). CONMEBOL. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "Los entrenamientos de fútbol regresan el 10 de agosto" (in Spanish). Télam. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "Gerardo Morales dio positivo en coronavirus" (in Spanish). Télam. 14 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- "Berni dio positivo en coronavirus pero se encuentra "bien y sin síntomas"" (in Spanish). Télam. 14 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- "Sergio Berni, Gerardo Morales test positive for coronavirus". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 14 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- "Ministerio de Salud Convoca a profesionales para reforzar dotación de equipos sanitarios" (in Spanish). Ministry of Health of Argentina. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- "Miles de argentinos se anotaron como voluntarios para trabajar contra el coronavirus". Perfil (in Spanish). 24 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus: el Malbrán deja de ser el único centro de diagnóstico y se suman 35 laboratorios". La Nación (in Spanish). 29 March 2020.
- Kollmann, Raúl (21 April 2020). "Coronavirus: el Malbrán recibió 50 mil tests para detectarlo". Página 12 (in Spanish).
- Czubaj, Fabiola (28 April 2020). "Coronavirus en la Argentina: las clínicas privadas podrán hacer hasta 7500 tests diarios para descomprimir el sistema de salud público". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus: el operativo Detectar estrena protocolo para todo el país". Página/12 (in Spanish). 25 May 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- "Hay 519 casos confirmados en barrios populares y lanzan un plan de detección temprana" (in Spanish). Télam. 10 May 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: comenzó la campaña voluntaria de donación de sangre de pacientes recuperados para un futuro medicamento". Infobae (in Spanish). 25 April 2020.
- Hernández Otaño, Camila (6 May 2020). ""Queremos salvar a otros": vencieron al coronavirus y ahora donan su plasma a los enfermos". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- Lo Bianco, Miguel (3 July 2020). "Recovered COVID-19 patients donate plasma for treatment in Argentina". Reuters. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- "Donación de plasma de pacientes recuperados de COVID-19" (in Spanish). Ministry of Health of Argentina. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- "Cómo funciona "Neokit-Covid-19", el nuevo test rápido de coronavirus desarrollado por científicos argentinos". Clarín (in Spanish). 18 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- "Aprueban el uso de un nuevo test rápido y económico de diagnóstico molecular de COVID-19" (in Spanish). CONICET. 15 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: cómo funciona el test de diagnóstico rápido desarrollado por científicos argentinos para detectar el SARS-CoV-2". Infobae (in Spanish). 15 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus: nuevo test argentino para detectar el virus". Página 12 (in Spanish). 16 May 2020.
- Esteban, Pablo (13 June 2020). "Coronavirus: Científicos argentinos diseñaron un nuevo kit de diagnóstico veloz, económico y preciso". Página/12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- Reyes, Francisco (31 May 2020). "Primer avance en Latinoamérica: Argentina desarrollará una vacuna contra el coronavirus". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: científicos del CONICET se suman a la carrera para crear la vacuna contra el Covid-19". Clarín (in Spanish). 31 May 2020.
- Lavieri, Omar (10 July 2020). "Argentina fue seleccionada para probar la vacuna de Pfizer contra el coronavirus". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ""Experiencia científica y capacidades operativas": el comunicado de Pfizer sobre las razones por las que se eligió a la Argentina para probar la vacuna contra el COVID-19". Infobae (in Spanish). 10 July 2020.
- "PFIZER AND BIONTECH ANNOUNCE EARLY POSITIVE DATA FROM AN ONGOING PHASE 1/2 STUDY OF MRNA-BASED VACCINE CANDIDATE AGAINST SARS-COV-2". Pfizer. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- Howard, Jacqueline (1 July 2020). "La vacuna contra el coronavirus de Pfizer y BioNTech muestra datos "alentadores", según las primeras pruebas". CNN (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- "Argentina fue elegida para probar una vacuna contra el coronavirus" (in Spanish). Télam. 10 July 2020.
- Raszewski, Eliana (12 August 2020). "Argentina, Mexico to produce AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- Cortes, Raúl; Solomon, Daina Beth (13 August 2020). "AstraZeneca set to start making 400 million COVID-19 vaccines for Latam early in 2021". Reuters. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- "A phase 2/3 study to determine the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the candidate Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19". EU Clinical Trials Register (Registry). European Union. 21 April 2020. EudraCT 2020-001228-32. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- O'Reilly, Peter (26 May 2020). "A phase III study to investigate a vaccine against COVID-19". ISRCTN (Registry). doi:10.1186/ISRCTN89951424. ISRCTN89951424. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- Nessi, Hernán (29 July 2020). "Argentina starts trials on hyperimmune equine serum to treat COVID-19". Reuters. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- "COVID-19: la ANMAT aprobó la investigación para el estudio clínico del suero equino hiperinmune". Infobae (in Spanish). 24 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
- Bremmer, Ian (12 June 2020). "The Best Global Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic". Time. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- Mander, Benedict. "Pandemic throws Argentina debt strategy into disarray". Financial Times. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- Misculin, Nicolás (7 May 2020). "Coronavirus bump: Argentina's Fernandez rises in polls over handling of COVID-19". Reuters. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- "Protesters rally in Buenos Aires to demand end of Covid-19 lockdown". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 1 June 2020.
- "Cuarentena total por el coronavirus desde la medianoche". Página 12 (in Spanish). 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- Rapoza, Kenneth. "Argentina Goes Under Quarantine As Debt Deal Now An Afterthought". Forbes. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- "Una encuesta muestra que el 80% de los argentinos está a favor de la extensión de la cuarentena". Perfil (in Spanish). 31 March 2020.
- "ENCUESTA ROUVIER Y ASOCIADOS: ¿LOS ARGENTINOS ESTÁN PREPARADOS PARA UNA NUEVA EXTENSIÓN DE LA CUARENTENA?". GrupoLaProvincia.com (in Spanish). 8 May 2020.
- "Encuesta reveló que disminuyó la preocupación de los argentinos frente al coronavirus". Marcelo Longobardi (in Spanish). 27 April 2020.
- "Encuesta revela "fastidio" con la cuarentena que erosiona imagen de Alberto Fernández". El Cronista (in Spanish). 19 April 2020.
- Paladini, Eduardo (5 May 2020). "Cae la imagen de Alberto Fernández: demasiada cuarentena, rechazo a los presos y efecto Cristina". Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- "Según encuestas, cambia el humor social respecto de la opción "salud o economía"". El Cronista (in Spanish). 3 May 2020.
- "Una encuesta muestra un alto respaldo a la cuarentena y a las medidas del Gobierno". Página 12 (in Spanish). 13 May 2020.
- Sigal, Lucila (23 March 2020). "Argentina offers spot payments to coronavirus-hit low income workers". Reuters. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- "En medio de la cuarentena total, hoy abren los bancos: quiénes pueden ir y cómo van a funcionar". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- "Cuáles son las actividades permitidas en las nueve provincias que flexibilizan la cuarentena". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). 24 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus en la Argentina: mantienen sin cambios la cuarentena en la Capital Federal y en la provincia de Buenos Aires". Clarín (in Spanish). 8 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: las estadísticas que mostró Alberto Fernández para justificar la extensión de la cuarentena". Infobae (in Spanish). 23 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: todos los detalles de las actividades que se habilitarán en el Área Metropolitana". Infobae (in Spanish). 4 June 2020.
- Paladini, Eduardo (10 May 2020). "Encuesta nacional: el coronavirus generó una nueva "grieta del miedo" entre los argentinos". Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- Mercado, Silvia (26 May 2020). "Solo tres de cada diez argentinos creen lo que dice la OMS sobre el origen del virus". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- "Alberto Fernández anunció una cuarentena estricta entre el 1 y el 17 de julio para el área metropolitana: "Tenemos que aislar el AMBA del resto del país"". Infobae (in Spanish). 26 June 2020. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020.
- "Cuáles serán las nuevas restricciones: qué se puede hacer y qué no en la próxima etapa de la cuarentena en el AMBA". Infobae (in Spanish). 26 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- Giambartolomei, Mauricio (17 July 2020). "Coronavirus en la Argentina. Cómo será la apertura gradual en la Ciudad y qué se podrá hacer desde el lunes". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- "Cuarentena escalonada: el listado de las medidas anunciadas en AMBA, CABA y GBA". La Nación (in Spanish). 17 July 2020.
- "Government bans social gatherings in Argentina for next 15 days". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 2 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "Cuáles son las cinco ciudades que volverán a una cuarentena estricta a partir del lunes". Infobae (in Spanish). 14 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- Ruiz, Iván; Arambillet, Delfina (24 April 2020). "Coronavirus en la Argentina: pocas donaciones, muchas compras y el inicio de un malestar con China". La Nación (in Spanish).
- "Coronavirus: el Gobierno le pide ayuda a China para conseguir más respiradores". La Nación (in Spanish). 23 March 2020.
- "Alberto Fernández prometió construir ocho hospitales de emergencia para afrontar el coronavirus". Infobae (in Spanish). 18 March 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- Calderaro, Romina (14 April 2020). "Coronavirus: así se prepara Tecnópolis para atender a pacientes infectados". Página/12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- Martin, Hugo (19 April 2020). "Coronavirus en Argentina: ya son 431 los profesionales de la salud infectados". Infobae (in Spanish).
- "Dengue: con más de 43.400 casos, Argentina "está lejos de la peor epidemia de su historia"" (in Spanish). Télam. 23 April 2020.
- "Sarampión: continúa el brote más extenso desde la eliminación de la circulación endémica" (in Spanish). Télam. 2 June 2020.
- "Por la cuarentena, la actividad se derrumbó casi 10% en marzo según Ferreres". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). 24 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- "El déficit fiscal primario trepó 857% en marzo por paquete "anticoronavirus" y caída en la actividad". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). 20 April 2020.
- Iorio, Jorge; Otaola, Jorge (5 August 2020). "Argentine industrial output falls 6.6% in June, less than feared". Reuters. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- "POLICY RESPONSES TO COVID-19". International Monetary Fund. 12 June 2020.
- Meakin, Lucy (20 March 2020). "Cash and Low Rates: How G-20 Policy-Makers Are Stepping Up". National Post. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- Newbery, Charles. "Argentina unveils $11 bln stimulus package". LatinFinance. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- "Covid-19 and debt: Argentina's make-or-break moment". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- Diamante, Sofía (8 April 2020). "Coronavirus. Hay 35.000 pymes que están considerando cerrar su negocio". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- "IMF predicts Argentina's economy will slump 9.9% in 2020". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 25 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- "INDEC: Economy contracted by 5.4% in first quarter of 2020". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 23 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- "IMF predicts deeper global recession due to coronavirus pandemic". Reuters. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- "El Gobierno cierra fronteras, aeropuertos y puertos por el coronavirus: la veda alcanza a los argentinos". Clarín (in Spanish). 26 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus: Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 bonificará los costos de la importación de insumos para investigar al COVID-19". Clarín (in Spanish). 7 April 2020.
- Niebieskikwiat, Natasha. "Coronavirus en Argentina: El Gobierno permite la repatriación de hasta 700 argentinos por día y evalúa nuevos vuelos sanitarios". Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus: cierran los hoteles para el turismo local hasta el 31 de marzo". La Nación (in Spanish). 17 March 2020.
- Garrison, Cassandra; Rochabrun, Marcelo (15 May 2020). "Argentina could loosen coronavirus travel ban early, says airline trade group". Reuters. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- "Argentina plans to resume foreign flights as soon as mid-August". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 10 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- "Aerolíneas Argentinas vendió más de 188 mil pasajes durante la última semana" (in Spanish). Télam. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "De Argentina a México: ¿dónde se respeta más la cuarentena por coronavirus?". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- "Ya hay casi 5000 detenidos por violar la cuarentena que dispuso el Gobierno". El Cronista (in Spanish). 23 March 2020.
- "Cuarentena: cómo cambió la movilidad de los argentinos, según Google". La Nación (in Spanish). 3 April 2020.
- "COVID-19 Community Mobility Report: Argentina" (PDF). Google. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus en la Argentina: cómo iniciarán o continuarán el dictado de clases las 13 facultades de la UBA". Clarín (in Spanish). 15 March 2020.
- "COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response". UNESCO. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: el Ministerio de Educación evalúa un regreso de las clases por región". Infobae (in Spanish). 29 April 2020.
- "Education Minister: 85% of schools in Argentina will likely re-open in August". Buenos Aires Times (Perfil). 9 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- "Trotta: "Si se mantiene la situación epidemiológica, habrá clases duales en tres provincias"" (in Spanish). Télam. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "Los docentes volvieron a las escuelas y Trotta dijo que es "un paso fundamental"" (in Spanish). Télam. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "Trotta: "Catamarca dio todos los pasos para poder regresar a clases de manera escalonada"" (in Spanish). Télam. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "Trotta reafirmó que "no habrá promoción automática" y que las clases terminarán en diciembre" (in Spanish). Télam. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- Martin, Hugo (13 March 2020). "El transporte en alerta: cómo será viajar en micros, trenes y taxis en medio de la pandemia". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: cómo funcionará el transporte público en la cuarentena administrada". El Cronista (in Spanish). 12 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus: El transporte público sólo podrá ocupar el 60% de su capacidad". Página 12 (in Spanish). 4 May 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- Dinatale, Martín (9 June 2020). "El uso del transporte público en el AMBA creció un 60% el último fin de semana y el Gobierno analiza cambios". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- "Reforzaron controles en el AMBA: solo trabajadores esenciales pueden viajar en transporte público". Infobae (in Spanish). 19 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- "Casi un millón de personas usó el transporte público en el AMBA" (in Spanish). Télam. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- "El uso del transporte público bajó un 30% y Meoni espera que la tendencia "se mantenga"" (in Spanish). Télam. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- "El Tren Sarmiento estará interrumpido hasta mañana y habrá micros para continuar el servicio" (in Spanish). Télam. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- "El Tren Sarmiento funcionará solamente hasta las 10 horas" (in Spanish). Télam. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- Lussich, Rodrigo (23 March 2020). "Coronavirus: la televisión de aire crece en rating y cambia su programación". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- Otero, Nieves (23 March 2020). "Cocina, música y cine, ¿las claves de la televisión en tiempos de coronavirus?". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus en la Argentina: los cambios de la TV abierta". Clarín. 23 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus: cómo fue la maratón de TV que transmitieron todos los canales de aire en cadena". Clarín (in Spanish). 5 April 2020.
- Lussich, Rodrigo (17 March 2020). "El futuro de "Separadas": luego de que el elenco pidiera cesar las grabaciones, qué determinación tomó el canal". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- Respighi, Emanuel (13 May 2020). "Polka cancela Separadas y se abre la discusión sobre el futuro de la ficción argentina". Página 12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 May 2020.
- Respighi, Emanuel (17 June 2020). "Ya hay cinco casos de coronavirus en la televisión argentina". Página/12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- "Por un caso de coronavirus en El precio justo, Lizy Tagliani deberá aislarse". La Nación (in Spanish). 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020.
- "Entre protocolos y cuestionamientos, el coronavirus llegó a la TV" (in Spanish). Télam. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- "Confirman el primer caso de coronavirus en América TV". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). 19 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- "C5N aplica protocolo de Covid-19". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). 27 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- "Update on upcoming FIFA World Cup qualifiers in South America". FIFA.com. 12 March 2020.
- "La CONMEBOL Libertadores queda suspendida temporalmente" (in Spanish). CONMEBOL. 12 March 2020.
- Panja, Tariq (17 March 2020). "Euro 2020 and Copa América Are Postponed for a Year". The New York Times.
- Garton, Nick (13 March 2020). "Coronavirus forces WRC Rally Argentina to be postponed". Autosport. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- Nair, Rohith (31 July 2020). "Three MotoGP races cancelled due to pandemic, one added in Europe". Reuters. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- "Coronavirus. Alberto Fernández pidió que el fútbol siga y se transmita por TV abierta". La Nación (in Spanish). 15 March 2020.
- Argentine Football Association [@afa] (16 March 2020). "#CopaArgentina El encuentro entre @Independiente y @VillaMitreBB , por los 32avos de Final, fue reprogramado para el miércoles 1 de abril, en horario a confirmar" (Tweet) (in Spanish) – via Twitter.
- Casar González, Alejandro (17 March 2020). "El fútbol se detiene por el coronavirus: los motivos de la marcha atrás del Gobierno". La Nación (in Spanish).
- "A dos meses del último partido en Argentina". Olé (in Spanish). 16 May 2020.
- "¿Cuándo vuelve el fútbol argentino?". Goal (in Spanish). 12 May 2020.
- "Rodolfo D'Onofrio se refirió a la vuelta a los entrenamientos en Argentina: "El fútbol hoy no es una prioridad"". Infobae (in Spanish). 14 May 2020.
- "AFA y Gobierno diagraman la vuelta a los entrenamientos en el fútbol argentino". Mundo D (in Spanish). 12 June 2020.
- "Informes diarios" [Daily reports] (in Spanish). Government of Argentina.
- "Actualización de los casos de coronavirus en la Ciudad" (in Spanish). Government of the City of Buenos Aires.
- "EMERGENCIA SANITARIA" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Buenos Aires.
- "Portal de Gobierno de Catamarca" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Catamarca.
- "Servicio Informativo Oficial de Chaco" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Chaco.
- "Gobierno del Chubut — Portal" (in Spanish). Ministry of Health of Chubut.
- "Informe diario de casos y medidas - Gobierno de Córdoba" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Córdoba.
- "Portal del Gobierno de Corrientes" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Corrientes.
- "Parte Epidemiológico - Secretaría de Comunicación de la Provincia de Entre Ríos" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Entre Ríos.
- "Portal Oficial Formosa - Gobierno" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Formosa.
- "Dirección Provincial de Prensa" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of jujuy.
- "APN La Pampa" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of La Pampa.
- "Ministerio de Salud Pública — La Rioja" (in Spanish). Ministry of Health of La Rioja.
- "Salud : Prensa Gobierno de Mendoza" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Mendoza.
- "Subsecretaría de Comunicación y Vínculo Ciudadano — Gobierno de Misiones" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Misiones.
- "Noticias Del Ministerio De Salud" (in Spanish). Ministry of Health of Neuquén.
- "Portal de Noticias — Gobierno de Río Negro" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Río Negro.
- "Histórico de Noticias del Gobierno de Salta" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Salta.
- "Gobierno de San Juan — Ministerio de Gobierno" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of San Juan.
- "Coronavirus — Gobierno San Luis" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of San Luis.
- "Saber para prevenir" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Santa Cruz.
- "CORONAVIRUS (Covid 19)" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Santa Fe.
- "Ministerio de Salud - Santiago del Estero" (in Spanish). Ministry of Health of Santiago del Estero.
- "coronavirus — Gobierno de Tierra del Fuego" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Tierra del Fuego.
- "Noticias Destacadas — Ministerio de Salud Pública de Tucumán" (in Spanish). Government of the Province of Tucumán.
- "Coronavirus en Argentina: confirman 9 casos más y ya son 65 los contagiados". Clarín (in Spanish). 16 March 2020.
- "Sala de Situación Coronavirus online - Ministerio de Salud de la Nación" [Situation Room Coronavirus online - National Ministry of Health] (in Spanish). Ministry of Health of Argentina. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
