Bonitasaura

Bonitasaura is a titanosaurian dinosaur hailing from uppermost layers of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Neuquén Group of the eastern Neuquén Basin, located in Río Negro Province, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The remains, consisting of a partial sub-adult skeleton jumbled in a small area of fluvial sandstone, including lower jaw with teeth, partial vertebrae series and limb bones, were described by Sebastian Apesteguía in 2004.

Bonitasaura Temporal range: Santonian ~85 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Right dentary
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Suborder:	†Sauropodomorpha
Clade:	†Sauropoda
Clade:	†Titanosauria
Clade:	†Eutitanosauria
Genus:	†Bonitasaura Apesteguía, 2004
Type species
†Bonitasaura salgadoi Apesteguía, 2004

The genus name Bonitasaura refers to the fossil quarry's name, "La Bonita", while the name of the type species, B. salgadoi, pays homage to Leonardo Salgado, a renowned Argentine palaeontologist.[1]

Description

Illustration of the head

Bonitasaura measured 10 metres (33 ft) in length, and had a skull similar to another group of sauropods, the diplodocids. The lower jaw had a distinctive, sharp ridge immediately behind a reduced set of teeth. This ridge supported in life a sharp, beak-like keratin sheath that probably paired with a similar structure in the upper jaw. The keratin sheath worked much like a guillotine to crop vegetation raked into the mouth by the peg-like front teeth. This animal also had a rather short neck and robust projections of the back vertebrae for muscle attachment, indicating that the neck was used in vigorous exertions, probably during feeding.

Scale chart of B. salgadoi

Bonitasaura also shows that some lines of titanosaurian evolution converged with diplodocids, namely low long skulls without the characteristic nasal arches of other macronarians (such as Brachiosaurus or Camarasaurus) and lower jaws that were squared off and contained comb-like teeth (as in Rebbachisauridae), reversed limb proportions (the front limbs shorter than the hind limbs, unlike the condition in most other macronarians) and rudimentary whiplash tails. It also threw a wrench into the suggestion by some authors (McIntosh 1990; Jacobs et al. 1993; Upchurch 1999) that the titanosaur Antarctosaurus is a chimera made up of a titanosaurian skull and body and a diplodocoid jaw.[2]

Classification

Bonitasaura was originally classified as a member of Nemegtosauridae in the original description, but subsequent cladistic analyses and description found it to be nested among the titanosaur clade that includes Lognkosauria and Rinconsauria.[3][4][5]

References

1. Gallina & Apesteguía, 2011, p.46
2. Apesteguía, 2004
3. Gallina & Apesteguía, 2011, p.54
4. Gallina & Apesteguí, 2015
5. Carballido et al., 2017

Bibliography

• Apesteguía, S. 2004. Bonitasaura salgadoi gen. et sp. nov.: a beaked sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Naturwissenschaften 91. 493–497. Accessed 2019-03-28.
• Carballido, José L.; Diego Pol; Alejandro Otero; Ignacio A. Cerda; Leonardo Salgado; Alberto C. Garrido; Jahandar Ramezani; Néstor R. Cúneo, and Javier M. Krause. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284. 1–72. Accessed 2019-03-28.
• Gallina, P.A., and S. Apesteguía. 2015. Postcranial anatomy of Bonitasaura salgadoi (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35. 1–22. Accessed 2019-03-28.
• Gallina, P.A., and S. Apesteguía. 2011. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the titanosaurian sauropod Bonitasaura salgadoi. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56. 45–60. Accessed 2019-03-28.