Somphospondyli

Somphospondylans; Temporal range: Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, 155–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Skeleton of Qiaowanlong
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Suborder:	†Sauropodomorpha
Clade:	†Sauropoda
Clade:	†Camarasauromorpha
Clade:	†Titanosauriformes
Clade:	†Somphospondyli; Wilson & Sereno, 1998
Genera
	†Agustinia?; †Angolatitan; †Arkharavia?; †Astrophocaudia; †Australodocus; †Austrosaurus?; †Brontomerus; †Chubutisaurus; †Dongbeititan; †Dongyangosaurus; †Erketu; †Europatitan; †Gobititan?; †Jiangshanosaurus; †Liaoningotitan; †Ligabuesaurus; †Padillasaurus; †Sauroposeidon; †Sibirotitan; †Tastavinsaurus; †Triunfosaurus; †Wintonotitan; †Yunmenglong; †Euhelopodidae; †Titanosauria;

Somphospondylans are an extinct clade of titanosauriform sauropods that lived throughout the world from the Late Jurassic through the Cretaceous in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia.

Classification

The group can be defined as the most inclusive clade that includes Saltasaurus loricatus but excludes Brachiosaurus altithorax. Features found as diagnostic of this clade by Mannion et al. 2013 include the possession of at least 15 cervical vertebrae; a bevelled radius bone end; sacral vertebrae with camellate internal texture; convex posterior articular surfaces of middle to posterior caudal vertebrae; biconvex distal caudal vertebrae; humerus anterolateral corner "squared"; among multiple others. [1] Below are the results for the phylogenetic analysis performed by Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017 during the description of Europatitan:[2]

Somphospondyli

Europatitan eastwoodi

Tendaguria tanzaniensis

Sauroposeidon proteles

Chubutisaurus insignis

Erketu ellisoni

Titanosauria

Andesaurus delgadoi

	Ligabuesaurus lenzai

	Wintonotitan wattsi

Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae

Mendozasaurus neguyelap

Argentinosaurus huinculensis

Malarguesaurus florenciae

Epachthosaurus sciuttoi

Malawisaurus dixleyi

Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis

Rapetosaurus krausei

	Tapuiasaurus macedoi

	Isisaurus colberti

Trigonosaurus pricei

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis

Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii

	Saltasaurus loricatus

	Neuquensaurus australis

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References

Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Barnes, R.N.; Mateus, O. (2013). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168: 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029.
Fernández-Baldor, F. T.; Canudo, J. I.; Huerta, P.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Montero, D. (2017). "Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia". PeerJ. 5: e3409. doi:10.7717/peerj.3409. PMC 5490465. PMID 28674644.

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[mannionetal13-1] Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Barnes, R.N.; Mateus, O. (2013). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168: 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029.

[2] Fernández-Baldor, F. T.; Canudo, J. I.; Huerta, P.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Montero, D. (2017). "Europatitan eastwoodi, a new sauropod from the lower Cretaceous of Iberia in the initial radiation of somphospondylans in Laurasia". PeerJ. 5: e3409. doi:10.7717/peerj.3409. PMC 5490465. PMID 28674644.

Somphospondylans Temporal range: Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, 155–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Skeleton of Qiaowanlong
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Suborder:	†Sauropodomorpha
Clade:	†Sauropoda
Clade:	†Camarasauromorpha
Clade:	†Titanosauriformes
Clade:	†Somphospondyli Wilson & Sereno, 1998
Genera
†Agustinia? †Angolatitan †Arkharavia? †Astrophocaudia †Australodocus †Austrosaurus? †Brontomerus †Chubutisaurus †Dongbeititan †Dongyangosaurus †Erketu †Europatitan †Gobititan? †Jiangshanosaurus †Liaoningotitan †Ligabuesaurus †Padillasaurus †Sauroposeidon †Sibirotitan †Tastavinsaurus †Triunfosaurus †Wintonotitan †Yunmenglong †Euhelopodidae †Titanosauria