Arutani language

Arutani (Orotani, Urutani, also known as Awake, Auake, Auaqué, Aoaqui, Oewaku, ethnonym Uruak) is a nearly extinct language spoken by only 17 individuals in Roraima, Brazil and two others in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela. It was once spoken on the southern banks of Maracá Island in the Rio Branco area.[3]

Arutani
Uruak, Awake
Native toBrazil, Venezuela
RegionRoraima (Brazil); Karum River area, Bolivar State (Venezuela)
EthnicityAuaké
Native speakers
(42 cited 1986–2001)[1]
Arutani–Sape ?
  • Arutani
Language codes
ISO 639-3atx
Glottologarut1244[2]

It is one of the most poorly attested extant languages in South America, and may be a language isolate. There is, however, no linguistic data on the language.[4][5] Ethnic Arutani also speak Ninam.

Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Maku, Sape, Warao, Tikuna-Yuri, and Tukano language families due to contact.[6]

Lexical similarities with Tucanoan languages are mostly cultural loanwords. Arutani and Tucanoan languages also have completely different pronominal systems, and sound correspondences are irregular. Thus, similarities between them can be attributed to contact with Eastern Tucanoan.[6]:527

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Auaké.[3]

glossAuaké
onekiuaná
twokiuañéke
threeuatitimitilíake
headki-kakoáti
eyeki-gakoá
toothki-aké
manmadkié
waterokoá
fireané
sunnizyí
maniocmokiá
jaguarkaiyá
houseiméd
gollark: If you don't trust your compute nodes, you basically can't do anything.
gollark: > The Internet Computer is a decentralized cloud computing platform that will host secure software and a new breed of open internet services. It uses a strong cryptographic consensus protocol to safely replicate computations over a peer-to-peer network of (potentially untrusted) compute nodes, possibly overlayed with many virtual subnetworks (sometimes called shards). Wasm’s advantageous properties made it an obvious choice for representing programs running on this platform. We also liked the idea of not limiting developers to just one dedicated platform language, but making it potentially open to “all of ’em.”How is *that* meant to work?
gollark: ... "internet computer"? Oh bees.
gollark: https://git.osmarks.tk/mirrors/rpncalc-v4
gollark: Hmm, maybe just hook MDN pages up to a text to speech system and stick some javascripty backgrounds on.

References
  1. Arutani at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Arutani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  4. Hammarström, Harald (2010). "The status of the least documented language families in the world" (PDF). Language Documentation & Conservation. 4: 183.
  5. Dixon, R. M. W.; A. Y. Aikhenvald (1999). The Amazonian languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge University Press Cambridge. p. 343.
  6. Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
  • Alain Fabre, 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: AWAKE



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