Warekena language
Guarequena (Warekena) is an Arawakan language of Brazil and of Maroa Municipality in Venezuela. It is one of several languages which goes by the generic name Baré and Baniwa/Baniva – in this case, Baniva de Maroa.
Warekena | |
---|---|
Baniwa of Maroa | |
Guarequena | |
Native to | Brazil, Venezuela |
Native speakers | 650 (2001–2006)[1] |
Arawakan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | gae |
Glottolog | guar1293 Baniva de Maroa[2]ware1255 Warekena Velha(identities confused)[3] |
Kaufman (1994) classified it in a Warekena group of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian, Aikhenvald (1999) in Eastern Nawiki.
Personal pronouns in Warekena are formed by adding an emphatic suffix -ya to the cross-referencing personal prefixes.[4]
Grammar
Unmarked constituent order is AVO, VSo, SaV, or SioV.[4]
AVO:
wa-hã waʃi yutʃia-hã ema
then-PAUS jaguar kill-PAUS tapir
"Then the jaguar killed the tapir"
VSo:
ʃupe-hẽ ʃiani-pe
many-PAUS child-PL
"Children are many"
SaV:
peya nu-yaɺitua wiyua
one 1sg-brother die
"One of my brothers dies"
SioV:
nu-yue mawali
1sg-for hungry
"I am hungry"
Indirect objects tend to be placed immediately after the predicate.
References
- Warekena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Baniva de Maroa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Warekena Velha". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Aikenvald, Alexandra Y. 1988. "Warekena". In Desmond C. Derbyshire & Geoffrey K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian languages, iv. 225–439. Berlin: Moutin de Gruyter. Cited in Bhat, D.N.S. 2004. Pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 25