Ninam language
Yanam, or Ninam, is a Yanomaman language spoken in Roraima, Brazil (800 speakers) and southern Venezuela near the Mucajai, upper Uraricaá, and Paragua rivers.
| Yanam | |
|---|---|
| Ninam | |
| Native to | Brazil, Venezuela |
Native speakers | 800 in Brazil (2010)[1] 100 in Venezuela (no date)[2] including 430 Yaroamë (2015) |
Yanomam
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | shb |
| Glottolog | nina1238[3] |
Synonymy
Yanam is also known by the following names: Ninam, Yanam–Ninam, Xirianá, Shiriana Casapare, Kasrapai, Jawaperi, Crichana, Jawari, Shiriana, Eastern Yanomaman.
Regional variation
Gordon (2009) reports 2 main varieties (Northern, Southern). Kaufman (1994) reports 3:
- Yanam (a.k.a. Northern Yanam/Ninam (Xiliana, Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua))
- Ninam (a.k.a. Southern Yanam/Ninam (Xilixana, Shirishana, Mukajai))
- Jawarib
The name Jawari is shared with Yaroamë.
Phonology
Yanam has seven base vowels: /a, e, ə, i, ɨ, o, u/. Yanam has both vowel length and nasalization, and both features can occur simultaneously, for all vowels except for /ɨ/.[4]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | aspirated | ||||||
| Stop | p | t | tʰ | k | |||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | ||||||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||
| Approximant | j | ||||||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||||
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gollark: Basically, you're still wrong and it won't work.
gollark: I would also need exclusive use of several supercomputers for several years to precompute everything in the first place.
References
- Yanam at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Ninam at Ethnologue (10th ed., 1984). Note: Data may come from the 9th edition (1978).
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ninam". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-14.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
- Migliazza, Ernest; & Grimes, J. E. (1961). Shiriana phonology. Anthropological Linguistics. (June).
External links
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