Kagwahiva language

Kawahiva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil. The major variety is Tenharin (Tenharin).

"Júma language" redirects here. For other uses, see Juma language (Carib).

Kawahiva
Kawahib
Native to	Brazil
Region	Mato Grosso
Ethnicity	(see varieties below)
Native speakers	870 (2000–2006)[1]
Language family	Tupian Tupí–Guaraní Kawahib Kawahiva
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: pah – Tenharim–Parintintín urz – Uru-eu-wau-wau kuq – Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo) jua – Júma xmo – Morerebi tkf – ? Tukumanféd (unattested) wir – Wiraféd paf – Paranawát adw – Amondawa api – Apiacá
Glottolog	tupi1280[2]

The Tenharim, Parintintín, Amondawa, Uru-eu-wau-wau and Júma peoples, along with a recently contacted group confusingly labeled "Karipuná" in the literature, all call themselves Kavahiva. Their speech is all very similar, and also similar with other languages now extinct. Apiaká (incl. Wiraféd) is very similar and may be a dialect.[3]

Varieties

Varieties of Kawahíwa listed in Aguilar (2013, 2018):[4][5]

• Northern Kawahíwa
  • Parintintin
  • Tenharim
  • Diahói
  • Juma
• Southern Kawahíwa
  • Jupaú (Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau)
  • Amondáwa
  • Karipuna
  • Apiaká
  • Kayabí (Kawaiwete)
  • Piripkura
  • isolated groups

Languages spoken in north-central Rondonia are Karipuna, Jupaú, Amondáwa, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups. Languages spoken in northeastern Mato Grosso and southern Pará are Apiaká, Kayabí, Piripkura, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups.

Phonology

Tenharin dialect

Phoneme Inventory of the Tenharin dialect:[6]

Vowels	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ	ɨ ɨ̃	u ũ
Mid	e ẽ		o õ
Low		a ã

Consonants	Bilabial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio-velar	Glottal
Stop/affricate	p	t	tʃ		k	kʷ	ʔ
Fricative	β						h
Nasal	m	n		ɲ	ŋ	ŋʷ
Tap, flap		ɾ

Júma dialect

Phoneme Inventory of the Júma dialect:[7]

Vowels	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ	ɨ ɨ̃	u ũ
Mid	e ẽ		o õ
Low		a ã

Consonants	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plain stop	p	t		k	ʔ
Voiced stop				ɡ
Fricative					h
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Approximant			j	w
Tap, flap		ɾ

References

1. Tenharim–Parintintín at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Uru-eu-wau-wau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Júma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   Morerebi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
   (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tupi-Guarani Subgroup VI". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
4. Aguilar, A. M. G. C. (2018). Kawahíwa como uma unidade linguística. Revista Brasileira De Linguística Antropológica, 9(1), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v9i1.19529
5. Aguilar, A. M. G. C. 2013. Contribuições Etnolinguísticas e Histórico-Comparativas para os estudos sobre os povos e as línguas Kawahíwa. Tese (Exame de Qualificação de Doutorado), PPGL/UnB.
6. "Tenharim". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
7. "Júma". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.

External links

• Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Tenharim". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
• Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Júma". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.