Kuranda, Queensland

Kuranda is a town and locality on the Atherton Tableland in the Shire of Mareeba, Far North Queensland, Australia.[2][3] The town of Myola is also located within the locality of Kuranda (16.8052°S 145.6094°E / -16.8052; 145.6094 (Myola, Queensland)).[4] It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Cairns, via the Kuranda Range road. It is surrounded by tropical rainforest and adjacent to the Wet Tropics World Heritage listed Barron Gorge National Park. It is within the local government area of Shire of Mareeba (between 2008 and 2013, it was within the Tablelands Region). In the 2016 census, Kuranda had a population of 3,008 people.[1]

Kuranda
Queensland
Kuranda railway station with scenic rail on the left
Kuranda
Coordinates16.8197°S 145.6369°E / -16.8197; 145.6369
Population3,008 (2016 census)[1]
 • Density27.124/km2 (70.25/sq mi)
Established1888
Postcode(s)4881
Elevation330 m (1,083 ft)
Area110.9 km2 (42.8 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
LGA(s)Shire of Mareeba
State electorate(s)Barron River
Federal Division(s)Leichhardt
Localities around Kuranda:
Mona Mona Mona Mona Macalister Range
Koah Kuranda Macalister Range
Koah Speewah Barron Gorge

Geography

Kuranda is positioned on the eastern edge of the Atherton Tableland where the Barron River begins a steep descent to its coastal floodplain. The area is an important wildlife corridor between the Daintree/Carbine Tableland area in the north and Lamb Range/Atherton Tableland in the south, two centres of biodiversity.[5]

Parts of Kuranda, particularly along its eastern edge, are protected within the Kuranda National Park and Barron Gorge National Park. Both national parks belong to the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. Barron Gorge Forest Reserve and Formatine Forest Reserve have been established in the south of Kuranda. Closer to the centre of the town is Jumrum Creek Conservation Park where a near threatened, endemic frog species is protected.[6] An elongated dam created by a weir built for a power station was constructed in 1935 and is used to today for recreation.

History
Kuranda Hotel, ~1928

The rainforest around Kuranda has been home to the Djabugay people for over 10,000 years. Europeans began to explore the area throughout the nineteenth century. It is believed a massacre of Aboriginal people took place at the location in Kuranda known as Skeleton Creek.

The name Kuranda is derived from Yindinji word, kuran referring to the acorn leafed plant (Helmholtzia acorifolia).[2]

Djabugay (also knowen as Djabuganjdji, Tjupakai) is a language of Far North Queensland, particularly the area around the Kuranda Range and Barron River Catchment. The Djabugay language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Cairns Regional Council.[7]

The name Myola comes from its railway station, which was named on 15 December 1891 by the Queensland Railways Department using an Aboriginal word indicating main camp or elders' camp.[4]

Kuranda was first settled in 1885 and surveyed by Thomas Behan in 1888.[8] Construction of the railway from Cairns to Myola (later Cairns to Herberton) began in 1887 and the line reached Kuranda in 1891. The current railway station was built in 1915.

Kuranda Post Office opened on 25 June 1891 (a Middle Crossing receiving office had been open from 1888).[9]

Kuranda State School opened on 24 October 1892. It was renamed Kuranda District State School on 8 July 2002.[10]

Between 1912 and 1913 Eric Mjöberg lead an expedition to Queensland in which the Kuranda Aboriginal people were observed.[11]

Although coffee was grown around Kuranda in the early twentieth century, timber was the town's primary industry for a number of years. Kuranda has been known as a tourist destination since the early 1900s.[11] It was both the rainforest and local Aboriginal culture which attracted people to the area. Today Kuranda is a 'village in the rainforest' with tourism being the current backbone of the local economy. The 'village in the rainforest' concept promoted from the 1970s onwards served two purposes. It attracted those seeking a bohemian enclave in which to reside as well as a being a tourist promotional strategy.[11] Throughout the 1970s and 1980s Kuranda was popular with alternative lifestylers,[11] a theme that still runs through the local community today.[8]

Clohesy River Provisional School opened on 21 August 1933 and closed in 1939.[10]

The Barron Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station was built nearby in the 1960s.

Kuranda Library opened in 1996 and underwent a major refurbishment in 2015.[12]

Kuranda State High School opened on 22 January 1998.[10]

In 2007 Kuranda District State School and Kuranda State High School amalgamated to form Kuranda District State College.[10][13]

At the 2011 census, the locality Kuranda had a population of 2,966.[14]

Population

According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 3,008 people in Kuranda.

  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 14.9% of the population.
  • 67.0% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 5.7%.
  • 80.4% of people spoke only English at home.
  • The most common response for religion was No Religion at 39.2%.[1]

Heritage listings

Kuranda has a number of heritage-listed sites:

Amenities

Mareeba Shire Council operate a public library in Kuranda at 18-22 Arara Street.[16]

The Kuranda Historical Society was established in 2017 and seeks to collect and display items of historical interest relating to the Kuranda area.[17]

The Kuranda Media Association publish a monthly newspaper called "The Kuranda Paper".[18]

The Kuranda branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the CWA Hall on the corner of Barang Street and Thongon Street.[19]

Education

Kuranda District State College is a government primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at 260 Myola Road (16.8044°S 145.6174°E / -16.8044; 145.6174 (Kuranda District State College)).[20][21] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 366 students with 37 teachers (33 full-time equivalent) and 32 non-teaching staff (21 full-time equivalent).[22] It has a special education program.[20]

Cairns Hinterland Steiner School is a private primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at 46 Boyles Road (16.8124°S 145.5885°E / -16.8124; 145.5885 (Cairns Hinterland Steiner School)).[20][23] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 165 students with 18 teachers (17 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (11 full-time equivalent).[22]

Fauna

The nocturnal frog species Litoria myola is only found in the vicinity of a few creeks near Kuranda.[24] The area boasts a rich diversity of invertebrate fauna including Australia's largest species of mantids, phasmids, spiders, moths and butterflies all found in Kuranda.

Weather

Being situated in the tropics, Kuranda experiences only mild variations in temperature and its seasons consist of a dry season and a wet season.

Kuranda does not seem to have a dedicated weather station and resultant data feed. It appears that phone and weather apps default to Cairns data and so can be misleading.

Generally Kuranda is 2–5 °C cooler than Cairns, it has more rainy days as a result of orographic influences, and it is more humid generally (with residential areas in Kuranda village averaging 90% relative humidity, because of the surrounding rain-forest). Kuranda is often referred to the "air conditioned suburb of Cairns" and the rain-forest and elevation is responsible in part for these perceptions. It is rare for the temperature to exceed 31 °C in summer, the weather being moderated by rain and cloud cover in January to March (the wet season), and night minimums at this time of year similarly rarely drop below 20 °C. Winter maximums (June to August) are typically a consistent 25 °C; however, minimums can drop to 8 °C, owing to clear skies at this time of year and cooler air movements originating from the southern Atherton Tablelands.

Government

Kuranda is located in the (federal) Australian House of Representatives Division of Leichhardt, the Legislative Assembly of Queensland Electoral district of Barron River and locally, in the Shire of Mareeba.

References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Kuranda (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  2. "Kuranda - town (entry 18634)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  3. "Kuranda - locality (entry 48714)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  4. "Myola - town (entry 23727)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  5. "About Kuranda and Mowbray". Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  6. "Jumrum Creek Conservation Park: Nature, culture, history". Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing. 21 December 2012. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  7. This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Indigenous languages map of Queensland". State Library of Queensland. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  8. Henry, Rosita (2012). PERFORMING PLACE, PRACTISING MEMORIES: Aboriginal Australians, Hippies and the State. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-85745-508-6.
  9. Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  10. Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  11. Henry, Rosita (2012). Performing Place, Practising Memories: Aboriginal Australians, Hippies and the State. Berghahn Books. pp. 6–9. ISBN 0857455095. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  12. "Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. November 2017. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  13. "Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools". Queensland Government. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  14. Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Kuranda (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  15. "Cairns Railway, Section from Redlynch to Crooked Creek Bridge (entry 600755)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  16. "Kuranda Library". Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. 21 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  17. "Kuranda History Group". Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  18. Kuranda Media Association. "Kuranda Paper". www.kurandapaper.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  19. "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  20. "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  21. "Kuranda District State College". Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  22. "ACARA School Profile 2017". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  23. "Cairns Hinterland Steiner School". Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  24. Vanderduys, Eric (2012). Field Guide to the Frogs of Queensland. Csiro Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 0643106308. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
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