Third party officeholders in the United States

Third-party officeholders in the United States have been rare during the country's existence. Since 1856, the United States has had two major political parties: The Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The list below includes anyone who, while holding office as a U.S. Senator since the beginning of the Reconstruction era, was affiliated with a third party. Linked below are similar lists of U.S. Representatives, governors, and state legislators.

Third-party members of the United States Senate
Senator State Electoral history Years in office

Joseph S. Fowler		 Tennessee Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1866, became a Republican by 1867 1866–1871

David T. Patterson		 Tennessee Elected as a Unionist in 1866, became a Republican by 1867 1866–1869

Charles Sumner		 Massachusetts Elected as Free Soil Democratic in 1851, became a Republican in 1855, then became a Liberal Republican in 1872 1851–1874

Morgan C. Hamilton		 Texas Switched from Republican to Liberal Republican in 1872, switched back to Republican in 1875 1870–1877

Orris S. Ferry		 Connecticut Elected as a Liberal Republican in 1872 1867–1875

Newton Booth		 California Elected as an Anti-Monopolist, served as an Ind. Republican 1875–1881

William Mahone		 Virginia Elected as a Readjuster 1881–1887

Harrison H. Riddleberger		 Virginia Elected as a Readjuster 1883–1889

William A. Peffer		 Kansas Elected as a Populist 1891–1897

Marion Butler		 North Carolina Elected as a Populist 1895–1901

James H. Kyle		 South Dakota Elected as a Populist 1891–1901

William V. Allen		 Nebraska Elected as a Populist 1893–1901

William M. Stewart		 Nevada Switched from Republican to Silver in 1893, then back to Republican in 1901 1887–1905

John P. Jones		 Nevada Switched from Republican to Silver in 1895, then back to Republican in 1901 1873–1903

Lee Mantle		 Montana Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896 1895–1899

Richard F. Pettigrew		 South Dakota Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896 1889–1901

Frank J. Cannon		 Utah Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896 1896–1899

Fred Dubois		 Idaho Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896 1891–1897

Henry Moore Teller		 Colorado Switched from Republican to Silver Republican in 1896, then to Democratic in 1903 1876–1909

William A. Harris		 Kansas Elected as a Populist 1897–1903

Henry Heitfeld		 Idaho Elected as a Populist 1897–1903

Joseph M. Dixon		 Montana Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1912 1907–1913

Miles Poindexter		 Washington Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1912, switched back to Republican in 1915 1911–1923

Henrik Shipstead		 Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor, switched to Republican in 1940 1923–1947

Magnus Johnson		 Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor 1923–1925

Robert M. La Follette		 Wisconsin Switched from Republican to Progressive in 1934, then back to Republican in 1946 1925–1947

Elmer Austin Benson		 Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor 1935–1936

Ernest Lundeen		 Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor 1937–1940

James L. Buckley		 New York Elected as a Conservative, lost re-election as a Republican in 1976 1971–1977

Dean Barkley		 Minnesota Appointed for Independence Party of Minnesota 2002–2003

Joe Lieberman		 Connecticut Re-elected on the Connecticut for Lieberman ticket after losing the 2006 Democratic nomination. 1989–2013

Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives

Third-party United States governors
Main article: List of third party and independent United States state governors

Third-party members of state legislatures in the United States
Main article: Third-party members of state legislatures of the United States
gollark: It should obviously work.
gollark: Interesting.
gollark: tio!debug
gollark: ```c#define let int#define var char#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>let main() { for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { var* j = malloc(i); j = "bees"; free(j); } var* lyricLy_bad = malloc(3); printf("%s", lyricLy_bad);}```
gollark: It's only 1e5 times.

References
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