Stockholm Arlanda Airport

Stockholm Arlanda Airport (IATA: ARN, ICAO: ESSA) is an international airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of Märsta, 37 kilometres (23 mi) north[2] of Stockholm and nearly 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of Uppsala. The airport is located within Stockholm County and the province of Uppland. It is the largest airport in Sweden and the third-largest airport in the Nordic countries. The airport is the major gateway to international air travel for large parts of Sweden. Arlanda Airport was used by close to 27 million passengers in 2017, with 21.2 million international passengers and 5.5 million domestic.[4]

Stockholm Arlanda Airport

Stockholm-Arlanda flygplats
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorSwedavia
ServesStockholm and Uppsala
LocationSigtuna Municipality, Sweden
Hub for
Elevation AMSL137 ft / 42 m
Coordinates59°39′07″N 017°55′07″E
Websiteswedavia.com/arlanda
Map
ESSA
Location within Stockholm County
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
01L/19R 3,301 10,830 Asphalt
01R/19L 2,500 8,202 Asphalt
08/26 2,500 8,202 Asphalt
Statistics (2019)
Passengers25,642,623[1]
Passenger change 18–194%
Aircraft movements116,259
Movements change 18–194.0%
Sources: Swedish AIP at LFVAIP[2]
Passenger Traffic, ACI Europe[3]

Stockholm Arlanda Airport is the larger of Stockholm's two airports. The other, Stockholm–Bromma, is located north-west of the city's centre but can be used only by a small number of smaller aircraft. The smaller airports Stockholm-Skavsta and Stockholm-Västerås are both located around 100 kilometres (60 mi) away from the Swedish capital. Stockholm Arlanda serves as a major hub for Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle.

History
King Gustaf VI Adolf presiding over the ceremony which officially inaugurated Stockholm–Arlanda Airport (1 April 1962)

The airport was first used in 1959 but only for practice flights. It opened for limited civil traffic in 1960, and in 1962 the official opening ceremony took place. It was used from the start for intercontinental traffic because the runway at Bromma was too short. Scandinavian Airlines started using Douglas DC-8s on North American routes. The airport was also used very early by Pan American World Airways. The name Arlanda was decided after a competition prior to the airport opening. It is derived from Arland, an old name for the parish Ärlinghundra (now Husby-Ärlinghundra in Märsta) where the airport is situated. The '-a' was added in analogy with other Swedish place names ending with -landa and also plays on the Swedish verb "landa", which means "to land". The 1960s and 1970s saw increases in traffic with scheduled traffic and charter traffic. The Boeing 747 jumbojet started to be used in the 1970s, both on one-stop scheduled flights to New York and on weekend nonstop charters to the Canary Islands. Domestic flights to Gothenburg, Malmö, Luleå and Kiruna were operated by SAS DC-9s from Arlanda since they were considered too noisy to be used at downtown Bromma. The rest of domestic traffic operated out of Bromma and all international traffic out of Arlanda.

In 1983 the domestic traffic operated by Linjeflyg moved from Bromma to Arlanda, using the terminal now known as Terminal 4. In 1990 two new domestic terminals called "Domestic 2 and 3" were built south of the first domestic terminal. In 1992 the terminal 2 was partly abandoned because of traffic decrease. It started to be used for international traffic the year after, and the main domestic and international terminals were renumbered into 4 and 5. The third runway was built between 1998 and 2002. However, a recession in 2002 delayed its opening until 2003. At that time protests were raised by people living under its flight path in the municipality of Upplands Väsby. Traffic has recovered since and is now showing healthy increases but the third runway is only used during peak hours for environmental reasons. In September 2010 the first Airbus A380 superjumbo landed at the airport.[5]

In early 2014, Swedavia announced plans for further expansions of the airport terminal complex, including the construction of an additional pier for Terminal 5 in order to better accommodate larger aircraft such as the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8 and address forecasts of rising passenger numbers.[6] The plans were approved by the Environmental Court of Appeals in December 2014, and construction was scheduled to commence in the spring of 2015.[7]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a majority of the flights were cancelled. Swedish authorities advised against all non-essential travel inside and out of Sweden. SAS decided to from 6 April 2020 fly only four domestic departures and four domestic arrivals from Arlanda, plus some international[8] while Norwegian cancelled all flights from Arlanda except to Oslo.[9] Terminal 2, 3 and 4 closed and terminal 5 handled all passengers during this period. The passenger figures were 97.7% lower in April 2020 than in April 2019.[10]

Facilities
Terminal 2
Check-In at Terminal 2
Shopping and restaurant area in Sky City between terminals 4 and 5
Terminal 5
Terminal 5 check-in area

Runways

Arlanda has three runways: Runway 1 (01L/19R), Runway 2 (08/26) and Runway 3 (01R/19L). Runway 1 is 3,301 m (10,830 ft)[11] long and can handle take-offs and landings of the heaviest aircraft in use today. Runways 2 and 3 are 2,500 m (8,202 ft) long.[11] As indicated, runways 1 and 3 are parallel runways that can be operated independently of one another. Runways 1 and 3 are equipped with CAT III systems for instrument landings.[11] The airport can handle simultaneous take offs and landings using runways 1 and 3 at the same time. Simultaneous aircraft takeoffs and landings can be performed in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Runway 3 (01R/19L) is reached from the main terminal area via taxiway bridges constructed to be able to handle the heaviest and largest airplanes in traffic. Since runway 3 (01R/19L) is located at a distance from the terminals a deicing area is placed close to the runway to avoid too long time between deicing and take off in winter conditions. Another deicing area is located in connection with the southern ramp area close to take off positions at runway 01L. There are high speed taxiway exits from all runways, except runway 08, to enable aircraft to exit the runways quickly after landing. That increases runway capacity during rush hours. Use of parallel taxiways around the terminal area separates arriving and departing traffic. Arlanda can handle all aircraft types in service including the Airbus A380.

Terminals

The airport has four terminals. Terminals 2 and 5 are used for international flights. Domestic flights are in Terminals 3 and 4. The new central building, Arlanda North, opened in late 2003, connecting terminal 5 with the newly built Pier F. All international flights handled by SAS and its Star Alliance partners use the new central building. An Arlanda South building, connecting terminals 2, 3 and 4 was also planned, but construction is currently suspended for lack of funds. In the terminal areas and the shopping area "Sky City" there are restaurants, shopping facilities, bars etc. to cater to the needs for passengers and visitors to the airport. There are hotels both at the airport in connection with the terminals and in its surroundings. There are also conference facilities at the airport.

Terminal 2 – International (Arlanda South)
  • Terminal 2 (gates 61–72) was initially built in 1990 for use by SAS as a domestic terminal. The terminal was designed to enable short turnaround times for aircraft, increased efficiency, and short walking distances, then without security checks and with most passengers having only hand luggage, allowed to show up 10 minutes before departure. It had double walk bridges designed for both doors of MD-80. However, SAS decided to leave the terminal because of decreases in passenger traffic on domestic routes. For a while the terminal was used by other airlines like Transwede Airways for both domestic and international services, but the terminal is now used only for international flights. Security checks, a larger luggage claim area, more shops and restaurants have had to be added over the years, making the terminal fairly small. However, in 2013 it was extended with a new floor level, which now has restaurants and a lounge. Terminal 2 has 8 aircraft parking stands with passenger bridges.
  • As of 29 May 2012, Norwegian relocated its international flights from Terminal 2 to Terminal 5 ousting Air France and Czech Airlines to Terminal 2.
  • In April 2013, British Airways and Finnair relocated to the newly renovated Terminal 2.[12]

Terminal 3 – Regional domestic (Arlanda South)
  • Terminal 3 (gates 51–59) was built in 1990 for regional aircraft. There is a café there. People walk outdoors from the gates and board the planes with airstairs. Access is through terminal 2, with a 200 m walking distance. As with terminal 2, it was built without security checks, which were added after 2001. There has been a decline in passenger numbers for smaller connections in Sweden.

Terminal 4 – Domestic (Arlanda South)
  • Terminal 4, formerly Inrikes 1 (gates 30–44) was originally designed for the Swedish domestic carrier Linjeflyg, and initiated in 1983. Linjeflyg and Scandinavian Airlines moved all operations from Stockholm–Bromma Airport to the new terminal at Arlanda in 1984. That was made to assemble the domestic and international departures between Scandinavian Airlines and Linjeflyg. Because of increasing popularity, the terminal soon got too small. For that reason, Inrikes 2 was set up for SAS, who moved all domestic flights from Inrikes 1 to the new terminal in 1990.
  • Because of a recession in Swedish economy SAS moved back in 1992 and again the two carriers shared the terminal. Also in 1992 the terminal got a new name, Terminal 4. Since 1999 the terminal has had its own express station for high-speed trains, connecting the terminal with Stockholm Central Station and Terminal 5. In 2006, the terminal underwent a major renovation, the first since it was built in 1983.

Terminal 5 – International (Arlanda North)
  • Terminal 5 (gates 1–24 & F26–F69) is the largest of the passenger terminals at the airport and in use for international flights. All intercontinental flights and other international flights, except those in terminal 2, operate from terminal 5. The terminal has three piers equipped with 31 aircraft parking stands with passenger bridges. There are also a number of remote aircraft parking positions serving the terminal. Terminal 5 has restaurants, bars and shopping areas. The first stage of the terminal was inaugurated in 1976. Terminal 5 has since been expanded with a new passenger pier F. By 2040 terminal 5 will be expanded with another pier, pier G, which will help the airport accommodate 40 million passengers compared with the 25 million today. The new pier will be designed to handle bigger aircraft models such as the Airbus A380.[13][14] In addition to the scheduled services listed, all charter flights are handled at Terminal 5. The terminal is (like terminal 4 and Sky City) connected to Stockholm Central station by high-speed trains.

Cargo facilities

Stockholm Arlanda has extensive cargo flight activity. There is a cargo area with cargo terminals and cargo transit facilities in the southern part of the airport area. The cargo area is labeled "Cargo City" with warehouses operated by Cargo Center,[15] DHL, Swedish postal service (Posten) and Spirit Air Cargo.[16] A large part of mail and express parcels from Sweden is handled through the facilities at the airport.[17] SAS Cargo has its cargo operation east of the passenger terminals close to the SAS hangars.[18]

Dedicated scheduled cargo flights are operated by Korean Air with Boeing 747 cargo aircraft, as well as Lufthansa Cargo and Turkish Airlines. DHL, FedEx and UPS operate express freight services at the airport. West Air Sweden and Amapola operate shorter cargo sectors. A number of airlines operate ad hoc cargo flights with various equipment. Outsize cargo is frequently hauled with the Antonov 124 and similar cargo planes. TNT had their operations at Arlanda but have since moved to Västerås Airport.

Other facilities

Swedavia, the Swedish airport management company, has its head office in the airport control tower facility.[19][20] The company Sollentuna Cabin Interiors has its head office in Hangar 4 at Arlanda.[21]

Oxford Aviation Academy has a flight simulator centre for some of the most common airliners of today (like Boeing 737) at Arlanda. Arlanda has hangars and aircraft maintenance facilities operated by SAS Scandinavian Airlines and Priority Aero Maintenance.[22] TUI fly Nordic based at the airport also has a large hangar for widebody jets. There is also a helicopter repair facility operated by Patria Helicopters.[23] A decommissioned Boeing 747 jumbo jet renovated into a hostel, the Jumbo Stay (formerly Jumbo Hostel), is located at the entrance to Arlanda Airport. There are four additional hotels at the airport (Clarion Hotel Arlanda Airport, Radisson Blu Arlandia Hotel, Radisson Blu SkyCity Hotel and Rest and Fly); in addition there are several hotels nearby with transfer buses.[24]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger
AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens
Seasonal: Kalamata
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo
airBaltic Riga, Tallinn[25]
Air China Beijing–Capital
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Seasonal: Marseille[26]
Air India Delhi
Air Leap [27] Mariehamn, Visby[28]
Seasonal: Oslo–Gardermoen
Air Serbia Belgrade
Alitalia Seasonal: Milan–Linate[29]
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda[30]
Amapola Flyg [31] Hagfors, Hemavan, Kramfors, Lycksele, Örnsköldsvik, Torsby, Vilhelmina
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Belavia Minsk
Blue Air Bucharest
British Airways London–Heathrow
China Eastern Airlines Seasonal: Shanghai–Pudong[32]
Corendon Airlines Europe Seasonal: Chania,[33] Rhodes[33]
Croatia Airlines Seasonal: Zagreb[34]
Czech Airlines Prague
easyJet[35] Berlin–Schönefeld, Berlin–Tegel, Milan–Malpensa
Seasonal: London-Gatwick, Lyon
easyJet Switzerland Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa, Oslo–Gardermoen[36]
Eurowings Düsseldorf, Hamburg
Seasonal: Cologne/Bonn
Finnair Helsinki
Seasonal: Bergen
FlyErbil Seasonal: Erbil,[37] Sulaimaniyah[38]
Iberia Madrid
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini (temporarily suspended)
Iraqi Airways Baghdad
Jonair Sveg
KLM Amsterdam
LOT Polish Airlines Tallinn,[39] Warsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
Luxair Luxembourg[40]
Nordica Arvidsjaur,[41] Gällivare[41]
Norwegian Air Shuttle[42] Alicante, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berlin–Schönefeld, Budapest, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Faro, Gdańsk, Gothenburg, Gran Canaria, Helsinki, Kiruna, Kraków, Larnaca, Lisbon, London–Gatwick, Luleå, Málaga, Manchester, Munich, Nice, Oslo–Gardermoen, Palanga, Palma de Mallorca, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Riga, Rome–Fiumicino, Sarajevo, Tallinn, Tel Aviv, Tenerife–South, Umeå, Vilnius
Seasonal: Athens, Bastia, Bilbao, Bordeaux, Burgas, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dubai–International, Dubrovnik, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Grenoble, Heraklion, Kos, Marrakesh, Montpellier, Olbia, Östersund, Palermo, Pisa, Pristina, Pula, Rhodes, Salzburg, Santorini, Split, Tivat,[43] Venice, Visby
Novair[44] Seasonal charter: Antalya, Chania, Corfu, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Hurghada Karpathos, Kos, Preveza/Lefkada, Rhodes, Split, Tenerife–South, Zakynthos
Pegasus Airlines Antalya,[45] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Qatar Airways Doha
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca
Scandinavian Airlines Aarhus, Alicante, Amsterdam, Ängelholm, Athens, Bergen, Berlin–Tegel, Billund, Brussels, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dublin, Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Faro, Frankfurt, Geneva, Gothenburg, Gran Canaria, Hamburg, Helsinki, Kalmar, Kiruna, Kraków, London–Heathrow, Luleå, Luxembourg, Málaga, Malmö, Malta, Manchester, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Munich, Naples,[46] Newark, Nice, Oslo–Gardermoen, Östersund, Palma de Mallorca, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, Ronneby, Saint Petersburg, Salzburg, Skellefteå, Stavanger, Stuttgart, Sundsvall, Tallinn, Tampere, Thessaloniki, Tromsø, Trondheim, Turku, Umeå, Vaasa, Vilnius, Visby, Warsaw–Chopin,[47] Zurich
Seasonal: Barcelona, Bastia, Beirut,[48] Biarritz, Bodø, Bologna, Budapest, Cagliari, Catania,[49] Chambéry,[50] Chania, Dubrovnik, Funchal, Gazipaşa, Gdańsk, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kavala, Lisbon, Marseille,[49] Miami, Mykonos, Olbia, Palermo, Pisa, Pristina,[51] Pula, Reykjavík–Keflavík,[49] Rhodes,[52] Sarajevo, Seville,[53] Split, Turin, Venice
Seasonal charter: Corfu,[54] Ioannina,[44] Karpathos,[54] Kavala,[54] Kos,[54] Larnaca,[44] Palma de Mallorca,[44] Preveza/Lefkada,[54] Samos,[55] Santorini,[44] Sitia,[44] Skiathos,[54] Tirana[44]
Singapore Airlines Moscow–Domodedovo, Singapore
Sunclass Airlines[54] Charter: Gran Canaria
Seasonal charter: Antalya, Aruba, Banjul, Boa Vista, Bodrum, Cancún, Chania, Fueteventura, Funchal, Gazipaşa, Heraklion, Hurghada, Larnaca, Marsa Alam, Montego Bay, Palma de Mallorca, Phuket, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Sal, Tenerife–South, Varadero
SunExpress Seasonal: Antalya, İzmir, Konya
Swiss International Air Lines Zurich
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon
TAROM Bucharest
Thai Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Transavia Eindhoven
TUI Airways[55] Seasonal charter: Cancún, Krabi, Mauritius, Phuket, Phú Quốc, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana
TUIfly Nordic[55] Charter: Gran Canaria
Seasonal charter: Alghero, Antalya, Boa Vista, Burgas, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Fuerteventura, Heraklion, Hurghada, Kos, Lanzarote, Larnaca, Menorca, Palma de Mallorca, Pula, Rhodes, Sal, Samos, Tenerife–South, Zakynthos
Turkish Airlines Antalya,[56] Istanbul[57]
Ukraine International Airlines Kiev–Boryspil
United Airlines Seasonal: Newark
Vueling Barcelona

Cargo
AirlinesDestinations
Amapola Flyg Göteborg,[58] Kristianstad,[58] Malmö,[58] Örebro,[58] Sundsvall–Timrå,[58] Umeå,[58] Visby[58]
DHL AviationCopenhagen, Leipzig/Halle
FedEx ExpressCologne/Bonn, Helsinki, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Korean Air CargoSeoul–Incheon
SwiftairMadrid
Turkish CargoHelsinki, Istanbul–Atatürk
UPS AirlinesCologne/Bonn, Helsinki
West Air SwedenMalmö

Statistics

Winter time operations and snow clearing
A Lufthansa Airbus A321 in a special retro livery taxiing in snow at Arlanda

Arlanda has a policy to never close due to snowfall.[61][62] Arlanda is exposed to lake-effect snowfalls, where ice cold air from the northeast in combination with open water in the Baltic Sea causes heavy snowfall. During heavy snowfall at least one runway stays open but in bad weather condition there may be delays even if flight operations continue at all times. Not just runways need to be cleared, aprons and aircraft parking areas need snow clearing as well. It is an advantage that there are three runways allowing two open runways when one is cleared at lighter snowfall. The airport has a total of 250 000 m2 to clear from snow and ice, at the same time as the aircraft continue taking off and landing.[63] During the colder half of the year Stockholm Arlanda has about 65 seasonally hired snow removal staff. Together with permanent staff, they form a team of 100 people who provide snow removal services. Special routes are planned for sweeping teams, which clear each route at intervals of 35 to 45 minutes. The sweeping teams are directed via radio from the air traffic control tower. When snow removal is completed on each runway the surface is tested by a friction vehicle, which measures friction value. The airport announces the friction value, and then it is each pilot who decides whether the value is sufficient for a landing. The friction value determines how often a runway must be ploughed and treated with antiskid agent.[61]

Aircraft hangars and maintenance facilities
Boeing 767-300ER in TUI fly Nordic hangar at Arlanda

SAS Technical Services, TUI fly Nordic and Priority Aero Maintenance.[22] have large aircraft hangars and maintenance facilities at the airport. SAS Technical Services is headquartered at Arlanda and has hangar facilities suitable for widebody aircraft up to the size of Boeing 747-400s. The first part of the hangar complex was built to handle SAS' fleet of DC-8s. There are a number of positions on each side of the building initially built to handle the type. The hangar space are nowa used mostly for Boeing 737s and A320s. The Boeing 747 hangar was inaugurated at the time when Scandinavian Airlines received their first Boeing 747s in the beginning of the 70s. It is large enough to handle a Boeing 747 and two 737 sized airplanes at the same time. The offices of SAS Technical Services are situated in connection with the hangars. In the early days of the airport these hangars provided heavy maintenance for members of the KSSU group,[64] which included KLM, SAS, Swissair and UTA. A number of other airlines, such as Thai Airways International, also maintained their aircraft in those hangars. Now the main user is Scandinavian Airlines. TUI fly Nordic has a hangar able to handle their largest aircraft, the Boeing 787-9. Priority Aero Maintenance has its facilities in the eastern part of the airport. They provide heavy aircraft maintenance for a number of aircraft including MD-80, a common type to be overhauled by the company.

There is also a hangar in the southern part of the airport, built by the former Swedish domestic airline Linjeflyg. It is used mainly by regional aircraft.

Helicopter hangars and maintenance facilities are found at the very eastern part of the airport operated by Patria Helicopters.[23]

VIP flights and services

Arlanda, as the main airport serving the Swedish capital, is also used by VIP-flights[65] using business jets. Government officials and celebrities are frequent visitors. In April 2011, the then-Chairman of the Russian Government Vladimir Putin visited Stockholm with a couple of large jet airplanes.[66] The Emperor of Japan has also visited Arlanda with his Boeing 747s.[67] In September 2013, U.S. President Barack Obama, made an official visit to Sweden with Air Force One.[68] EU-meetings and exhibitions in the Stockholm area also bring special flights to the airport. Various private companies use their business jets to attend meetings in the Stockholm area. Some VIP-flights also go to downtown Bromma Airport, but since Bromma has limited operational hours many go to Arlanda instead. European Flight Service has a Grumman Gulfstream G550 based at Arlanda for VIP flights.

Arlanda has several VIP lounges.[69] They allow travelers to meet their planes on the tarmac. The VIP area can also hold weddings, with or without a flight.[70] The airport also holds weddings in the control tower.[70]

Ground transportation

Rail
Arlanda Airport
rail services
Uppsala Central
 Knivsta
Arlanda North
Arlanda Central
Arlanda South
Märsta
Rosersberg
Upplands Väsby
 
Norrviken
 Häggvik
 Sollentuna
 Helenelund
 Ulriksdal
 Solna
to Bålsta
 Karlberg
 Stockholm City
Key
 Stockholm commuter rail
 SJ AB
(Swedish State Railways)
 Arlanda Express

The fastest way to the airport from Stockholm Central Station is the Arlanda Express high-speed train service, making the trip in 20 minutes.[71]

Taxi at Arlanda airport

It is possible to use the Stockholm commuter rail (Pendeltåg) between Uppsala C and central and southern Stockholm. The route takes 38 minutes between Arlanda C station and Stockholm C.[72] The fare is higher from Arlanda compared to other journeys on the commuter rail network because the railway to Arlanda is privately owned, with passengers over 18 having to pay a passage fee of 120SEK to enter or exit the airport.

Bus

Flygbussarna, Flixbus, SL, UL, and Vy bus4you operate services to and from Arlanda. Flygbussarna operates frequent departures to Stockholm, while Flixbus and bus4you operate coach services to different destinations in Sweden. SL is the public transport operator of Stockholm Län, whilst UL is the public transport operator in Uppsala Län. SL operates a few bus lines to and from Arlanda, the most popular line being route 583 to Märsta railway station (from where SL commuter trains to Stockholm depart, for much cheaper than from Arlanda because of the exit fee charge there), which leaves every 10 minutes for the most of the day. ULs most popular line to Arlanda is route 801 to Uppsala, which leaves every 30 minutes between 04:00 and 01:00. There are a few additional departures during peak times.

Road

The motorway E4 goes past the airport and connects Arlanda with central Stockholm as well as Uppsala and other cities further north. Terminal parking, short-term and long-term parking is available at the airport. The low price long-term parking requires a free shuttle bus ride. The bus departs every 8–15 minutes. There are rental car facilities at the airport.

Taxi

All taxi companies are required to offer fixed prices from the airport (one can still request use of the taxi meter). Most major companies also offer fixed prices to the airport.

Arlanda Express

Uppsala and farther north

There is a Stockholm commuter rail service (Pendeltåg) between Uppsala and Stockholm, but on Uppsala county tickets north of Arlanda, which takes 18 minutes from Arlanda Central to its Uppsala C terminus.[72]

Buses operated by Upplands Lokaltrafik travel between Stockholm Arlanda Airport and Uppsala (bus no. 801) as well as Enköping to the southwest (bus no. 579/803) and Almunge (bus no. 806) to the northeast.

Long-distance trains called Intercity, Regionaltåg (Regional train) or X2000 operated by SJ go to locations north of Stockholm Arlanda Airport and south of Stockholm. Passengers are not permitted to use long-distance trains to go to Stockholm Central Station; no such tickets are sold.

Environment

There is an ongoing work to limit Arlanda's negative impact on the environment. In an effort to save electricity, buildings at Arlanda use district heating with biofuels and district cooling with water from a nearby lake. The take off charges for aircraft are partly based on the environmental performance of the aircraft and Arlanda is experimenting with Continuous Descent Approaches and landings, often referred to as "green landings".[73] Jet fuel is since around 2006 delivered by boat to Gävle and via train to Brista close to Märsta and from there through pipeline. Previously fuel was delivered by ship to Värtahamnen in Stockholm and then by trucks through Stockholm city to Arlanda. The airport also takes measures to promote the use of bio fuel in taxis operating to and from the airport.[74]

One of the most interesting eco-friendly systems Stockholm Arlanda Airport uses is their unique heating and cooling system for their hangar, terminals, and other buildings on the airfield. There innovative system uses a series of wells, linked to a large underground aquifer. The water from the underground source is plumbed up and into the facilities air system, which controls the temperature of the air coming from the vents. In the summertime, the underground water remains cooler than the surface. That allows the terminals to be cooled off without using extra energy that an air conditioner would require. Then, in the winter months, the underground water remains warmer than the surface. The water is then plumbed to a control/heating unit, which uses biofuel to heat the water to a temperature appropriate for warming up the buildings.

The heated water is also used to heat pads of cement on the ramp and near the large hangar doors. Ut is a very efficient way to keep the doors and ramps clear of ice. After the water is run through the system, it is then all replaced back into the aquifer to be used again. The unique aquifer system is one of Arlanda's most defining environmentally friendly designs.[75]

Incidents and accidents
  • 1 November 1969: A Linjeflyg Convair 440 registered as SE-BSU suffered an accident while being used for training purposes. After a simulated engine failure at takeoff the left wing contacted the ground and the aircraft crash-landed after the nose and main landing gear collapsed. None of the four persons on board were killed, but the aircraft was written off.[76]
  • 5 January 1970: A Spantax Convair 990 registered as EC-BNM on a ferry flight from Stockholm Arlanda Airport to Zurich Airport (ZRH) crashed while climbing after take-off. The aircraft had been scheduled for a charter flight earlier in the day, but the flight was cancelled after the no. 4 engine developed trouble. The decision was made to ferry the aircraft using three engines to Zurich for repairs and the aircraft departed at 10:54 p.m. from runway 19 (currently runway 19R). The aircraft contacted trees approximately 1,800 m (5,906 ft) from the point of lift-off. Five of the 10 passengers and crew on board were killed and the aircraft was written off.[77]
  • 14 July 1973: A Sterling Airways Sud Aviation Caravelle registered as OY-SAN taxied into an obstruction and was written off as being damaged beyond repair.[78]
  • 25 January 1974: Scandinavian Airlines Sud Aviation Caravelle registered as OY-KRA was damaged beyond repair and written off.[79]
  • 26 May 1977: An Antonov 24 belonging to Aeroflot registered as SSSR-46806 on a scheduled flight from Donetsk Airport (DOK) to Riga Airport (RIX) was hijacked by a single hijacker who demanded to be taken to Sweden where the hijacker surrendered releasing the 23 passengers and crew.[80]
  • 27 February 1979: An Aeroflot Tupolev 154 on a flight from Oslo to Stockholm with a continuation to Moscow was taken over by three hijackers. After landing in Stockholm they were overpowered by the aircraft's crew.[81]
  • 6 January 1987: A Transwede Sud Aviation Caravelle registered as SE-DEC on a non-scheduled flight from Stockholm–Arlanda Airport to Alicante Airport (ALC) encountered problems after take-off most likely caused by ice. The aircraft hit the runway hard causing the landing gear to fail and the aircraft slid off the runway and caught fire. None of the 27 passengers and crew was killed but the aircraft was written off and subsequently used by the airport's ARFF as a fire and rescue training aircraft.[82]
  • 27 December 1991: Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751, a McDonnell Douglas MD-81, registered as OY-KHO, a scheduled flight from Stockholm–Arlanda Airport to Warsaw-Frederic Chopin Airport (WAW) with a stopover at Copenhagen-Kastrup Airport (CPH) crashed shortly after take-off because of a dual engine failure when clear ice, which had formed during the night, was not properly removed during de-icing, broke off and was ingested into the engines. None of the 129 passengers and crew was killed but the aircraft was written off.[83]
  • 20 February 1993: A hijacker on board an Aeroflot Tupolev 134 on a scheduled flight between Tyumen Airport (TJM) and Saint Petersburg-Pulkovo Airport (LED) demanded to be taken to the United States. The aircraft first made a refueling stop in Tallinn where 30 passengers were released, and the aircraft was flown to Stockholm, where the hijacker demanded a larger aircraft to be flown to the U.S. After having released 12 more passengers, the hijacker, who was accompanied by his wife and child, surrendered, releasing the remaining 40 passengers and crew.[84]
  • 7 October 1997: A BAC One-Eleven belonging to Tarom registered as YR-BCM on a scheduled flight from Bucharest-Otopeni International Airport (OTP) to Stockholm–Arlanda Airport suffered a failure of the nosewheel steering after touching down heavily on runway 26. As the airplane slowed down the commander discovered that he could not control the aircraft, which left the runway and continued into the grassy area to on the right side. The aircraft slowed down softly and when it came to a stop the passengers and crew were able to disembark using the normal exits. The aircraft was written off and taken to Halmstad by Le Caravelle Club to be used as a fire trainer.[85]
  • 8 October 1999: A Saab 2000 belonging to SAS Commuter registered as SE-SLF called "Eir Viking" ran into a closed hangar door. At the time it was supposedly being taxied by two engineers or technicians. The two people on board received some injuries and the aircraft was written off.[86]
gollark: hd!histohist <@677461592178163712>
gollark: *Technically* I can manually mess with the database to cancel reminders, but no.
gollark: Besides, this is funnier.
gollark: No.
gollark: ++remind 8h109m disregard next reminder. Make guesses.

See also

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