Lisbon Airport

Humberto Delgado Airport (IATA: LIS, ICAO: LPPT), also known simply as Lisbon Airport or Portela Airport, is an international airport located 7 km (4.3 mi) northeast from the city centre of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.[2] The airport is the main international gateway to Portugal. It is the 20th-largest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume, having served 31,173,000 passengers in 2019, an increase over the previous year of 7.4%. As of 2019 the airport handled 141 thousand tonnes of cargo.[3] It is an important European hub to Brazil,[4] the largest European Star Alliance hub to South America[5][6] and also a European hub to Africa.[7]

Humberto Delgado Airport Aeroporto Humberto Delgado
IATA: LIS ICAO: LPPT
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner	Vinci Group
Operator	ANA Aeroportos de Portugal
Serves	Lisbon, Portugal
Location	Olivais, Lisbon
Hub for	TAP Air Portugal easyJet Ryanair
Focus city for	Azores Airlines Wizz Air
Elevation AMSL	114 m / 374 ft
Coordinates	38°46′27″N 009°08′03″W
Website	ana.pt/en/lis
Map
LPPT Location within Portugal
Runways
Direction Length Surface m ft 03/21 3,805 12,484 Asphalt
Statistics (2019)
Passengers 31,173,000 Passengers change 18–19 7.4% Aircraft Movements 217,703 Movements change 18–19 1.9%
Source: ANAC, , ANA Aeroportos de Portugal Publication[1]

The airport is the main hub of Portugal's flag carrier TAP Air Portugal including its subsidiary TAP Express in addition of being a hub for low-cost airlines Ryanair and easyJet. It is a focus city for Azores Airlines, euroAtlantic Airways, Hi Fly, Orbest, and White Airways. The airport is run by ANA Aeroportos de Portugal, which was concessioned to the French group Vinci Airports in February 2013.[8]

In January 2019, Portugal's government unveiled a 1.1-billion-euro plan to expand Lisbon's current airport and build a second one in Montijo.[9] It aims to handle around 50 million passengers a year from 2022.[10][11]

History

Early years

Lisbon Airport in 1951

Entrance hall of Terminal 1

Terminal 1 check-in hall

The airport opened on 15 October 1942, during World War II, and initially operated in conjunction with the Cabo Ruivo Seaplane Base: seaplanes performed transatlantic flights, and passengers were transferred onto continental flights operating from the new airport.[12] As a neutral airport it was open to both German and British airlines, and was a hub for smuggling people into, out of, and across Europe. It is widely referenced in the classic film Casablanca, whose plot revolves around an escape attempt to Lisbon airport. As such, it was heavily monitored by both Axis and Allied spies. Although Portugal was neutral, the airport was used by allied flights en route to Gibraltar, North Africa and Cairo.[13]

At the end of the war the airport developed rapidly, and by 1946 was used by major airlines such as Air France, British European Airways, Iberia, KLM, Sabena, Pan Am and Trans World Airlines. By 1954 the number of passengers reached 100,000.[13]

A 1951–52 airport diagram[14] shows four runways laid out at 45-degree angles: 1,350 m Runway 5, 1,024 m Runway 9, 1,203 m Runway 14, and 1,170 m Runway 18. Runways 5 and 36 were each later extended northward to a length of 1,999 m.

Major upgrades from 1959 to 1962 included a new runway capable of handling the first generation of jets, such as the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8.[13] The first jet aircraft flight was an Air France Caravelle in 1960.[13] In 1962 runway 03/21 came into use. It was 3130 m long and would allow direct transatlantic flights.[13] The first direct flight to New York was operated by TWA with a Boeing 707, who later operated the first Boeing 747 service in 1970.[13] When TAP ordered the 747 in 1972, five large parking bays were built, and the terminal was enlarged.[13] A major upgrade to the buildings and facilities commenced in 1983, and the first air bridges were added in 1991.[13]

Along with the airports in Porto, Faro, Ponta Delgada, Santa Maria, Horta, Flores, Madeira, and Porto Santo, the airport's concessions to provide support to civil aviation were conceded to ANA Aeroportos de Portugal on 18 December 1998, under provisions of decree 404/98. With this concession, ANA became responsible for the planning, development and construction of future infrastructure.[15]

Airport expansion

The airport is now surrounded by urban development, being one of the few airports in Europe located inside a major city. This led to a national debate on whether to keep the present location or to build a new airport; the last option was chosen. Initially, Ota, a village 50 km (31 mi) north of Lisbon, was chosen as one of the sites for the new airport. In 2007 an independent study coordinated by the Portuguese Industry Confederation (CIP) suggested Alcochete as an alternative location (see Alcochete Airport). A military training facility currently occupies the site, but the military agreed to abandon the location provided it could transfer its facility to a different area. A second government-contracted study led by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC)[16] concluded in late 2007 that Alcochete was the best location.

The selection of Alcochete was announced on 10 January 2008, more than 35 years after the first capacity increase studies were initiated. Portuguese government announced that Alcochete was the preliminary choice, to be finalised after public consultation.[17][18] The location of Alcochete as the construction site of the future Lisbon Airport was confirmed by the government on 8 May 2008,[19] but the contract was shelved as part of Portugal's cost-cutting austerity measures, and completely dismissed from Portugal's transportation strategy plans in July 2013, with investment being concentrated on expanding and further improving the existing Lisbon Airport infrastructure.[20]

In November 2006 the operating company ANA Aeroportos de Portugal, announced an expansion plan for some airport structures in order to respond to current passenger traffic growth trends, and full capacity use of the airport, which had been intended to respond to growth until the new airport was to be finished in 2017. This plan involved the construction of a new 2nd terminal called Terminal 2 (concluded and operational since August 2007), and expansion of Terminal 1 with new boarding gates (concluded in 2011), a large new shopping and restaurant area, new airbridges and parking positions, a more efficient use of currently existing structures, and a new underground Metro de Lisboa station inaugurated in July 2012.

Terminal 2 is used by 6 scheduled low-cost flight airlines for departures to European destinations, while Terminal 1 handles all arrivals and regular scheduled and chartered flights. In October 2010, European low-cost airline easyJet officially opened a new base at Lisbon Airport, exclusively using Terminal 2 for departures to 20 destinations.[21] A free shuttle bus connects Terminal 1 Departures area and Terminal 2 every ten minutes.[22]

Between 2007 and 2013, Lisbon Airport underwent several structural and equipment improvements and expansions. These included the construction of Terminal 2, lighting and baggage claim refurbishment, new cargo facilities, fuel storage, north pier and boarding lounge, north bus gate and baggage claim, enlargement of express cargo facilities, electrical refurbishments, departure lounge refurbishments and underground station and other terminal improvements all of which have been completed.[23] As part of the definite solution for Lisbon Airport, in July 2013 a new commercial area was inaugurated in the Terminal 1 air side area with 20 new stores and spacious naturally lighted internal circulation areas.[24] In July 2015, a significantly larger food court was introduced, catering to more tastes and delicacies.[25]

With the long-term concession of ANA Aeroportos de Portugal to the French group Vinci Airports[8] the project for a new airport was postponed in July 2013, and it was decided that the existing Lisbon Airport would be further upgraded to surpass 22 million passengers annually[26] and would remain the present solution for this major European gateway.[27] Ryanair had predicted that it will double the number of passengers it carries from the airport in the three years from 2014.[28]

In January 2019, Portugal's government unveiled a 1.1-billion-euro ($1.26 billion) plan to expand Lisbon's current airport and build a second one.[9] National airports operator ANA is footing the bill to adapt a military airfield in Montijo, 30 km (19 mi) by road from Lisbon.[29] It aims to handle around 50 million passengers a year from 2022.[10] The airports company will also pay for the expansion of the Humberto Delgado Airport in the capital. With around 29 million passengers a year, it is at full capacity.[11]

Naming

In February 2015, Lisbon city council unanimously agreed to propose that the name of Lisbon International Airport, known as Portela due to its geographical location, be changed to Humberto Delgado Airport. The proposal, tabled by the Socialist leadership under former Mayor António Costa, was agreed to by councillors from across party lines.[30][31]

The Portuguese government under current Prime Minister António Costa, announced in February 2016 that Lisbon Portela Airport would be renamed on 15 May 2016 after Humberto Delgado, in memory of the late Portuguese air force general and famous politician. "He was an opposition figure to the dictatorship regime... and had a very important role in the field of civil aviation," Minister of Planning and Infrastructure Pedro Marques said at a press conference after the meeting of Council of Ministers, stressing that it was Humberto Delgado who presided over the foundation of Portugal's flagship airline TAP and "so it is very fair this assignment name to the airport". 2016 marks the 110th anniversary of the birth of Humberto Delgado, who was also known as the "Fearless General" due to his staunch opposition to Salazar's rule and his participation in the 1958 Portuguese presidential election.[32]

Terminals

Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport features two passenger terminal buildings:[33]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the main building and features large landside and airside areas containing several shops and service facilities. It consists of two check-in halls, the older one has been converted into TAP Air Portugal's self check-in area, and the newer one housing 68 desks (37–89 and 90–106). The joint departures area features 47 gates (17 of which are equipped with jet-bridges) with 21 of them designated to non-Schengen destinations.[33] As the airport features several more apron stands, bus boarding is often used here. Most airlines use Terminal 1, including TAP Air Portugal, Vueling and its Star Alliance partners.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is a much smaller and newer of the two terminals, used solely by low-cost carriers. It is located away from Terminal 1 on the southern border of the airport perimeter. It has 21 check-in desks (201–222), designated to each particular low-cost carrier, and 15 departure gates (201–215) using mainly walk boarding but also bus. There are only standard facilities, a few shops and service counters. The terminal is reachable via the free airport shuttle service from Terminal 1.[33] The main users of Terminal 2 are Ryanair, easyJet, Transavia, Transavia France, Wizz Air and Blue Air.

Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate regular scheduled passenger flights at Lisbon Airport:[34]

Airlines	Destinations
Aegean Airlines	Athens
Aer Lingus	Dublin Seasonal: Cork
Aeroflot	Moscow–Sheremetyevo
Air Algérie	Algiers
Air Arabia Maroc	Casablanca
airBaltic	Riga
Air Canada	Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson
Air Europa	Madrid
Air France	Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air Malta	Malta
Air Moldova	Chişinău
Air Transat	Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson
American Airlines	Seasonal: Philadelphia (resumes 28 March 2021)[35]
Azores Airlines	Boston, Horta, Pico Island, Ponta Delgada, Santa Maria, Terceira, Toronto–Pearson
Azul Brazilian Airlines	Campinas
Beijing Capital Airlines	Beijing–Daxing, Xi'an
Binter Canarias	Gran Canaria, Tenerife–North
Bulgaria Air	Seasonal: Sofia
British Airways	London–Heathrow
Brussels Airlines	Brussels
Cabo Verde Airlines	Sal
Croatia Airlines	Seasonal: Zagreb
Delta Air Lines	New York–JFK Seasonal: Boston[36]
easyJet	Amsterdam, Basel/Mulhouse, Berlin–Schönefeld, Bordeaux, Bristol, Copenhagen (Resumes 12 January 2021), Edinburgh, Funchal, Geneva,, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, Luxembourg, Lyon, Madrid, Manchester,[37] Milan–Malpensa, Nantes, Nice, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Zürich
El Al	Tel Aviv
Emirates	Dubai–International
Estelar Latinoamerica	Caracas
euroAtlantic Airways	Bissau
Eurowings	Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Stuttgart
Finnair	Helsinki
FlyOne	Seasonal: Chişinău
HiSky	Chișinău (begins 27 August 2020)[38]
Iberia	Madrid
Jet2.com	Birmingham (begins 26 October 2020), Leeds/Bradford (begins 2 April 2021),[39] Manchester (begins 25 October 2020)
KLM	Amsterdam
LATAM Brasil	São Paulo–Guarulhos
Lufthansa	Frankfurt, Munich
Luxair	Luxembourg
Montenegro Airlines	Seasonal: Podgorica[40]
Norwegian Air Shuttle	Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda Seasonal: Oslo–Gardermoen
Orbest	Seasonal: Cancún, Punta Cana, Varadero[41]
Qatar Airways	Doha[42]
Royal Air Maroc	Casablanca
Ryanair	Beauvais, Bergamo, Berlin–Schönefeld, Bologna, Bordeaux, Brussels, Budapest, Charleroi, Clermont-Ferrand, Dublin, Edinburgh, Eindhoven, Krakow, London–Stansted, Lourdes/Tarbes, Luxembourg, Málaga, Manchester, Marseille, Memmingen, Naples, Pisa, Ponta Delgada, Rome–Ciampino, Seville, Terceira (ends 4 January 2021), Toulouse, Valencia, Vienna,[43] Warsaw–Modlin, Zaragoza
Scandinavian Airlines	Seasonal: Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda
SkyUp	Kiev–Boryspil (begins 17 August 2020)[44]
STP Airways	São Tomé
Swiss International Air Lines	Geneva, Zürich
TAAG Angola Airlines	Luanda
TAP Air Portugal[45]	Abidjan, Accra, Agadir (begins 25 October 2020),[46] Alicante, Amsterdam, Banjul, Barcelona, Belém, Belo Horizonte–Confins, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Bissau, Boa Vista, Bologna, Bordeaux, Boston, Brasília, Brussels, Budapest, Cancún (begins 27 October 2020),[47] Caracas, Casablanca, Chicago–O'Hare, Conakry, Copenhagen, Dakar–Diass, Dublin, Düsseldorf, Faro, Florence, Fortaleza, Frankfurt, Funchal, Geneva, Gran Canaria, Hamburg, Helsinki, London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow, Luanda, Luxembourg, Lyon, Maceió,[48] Madrid, Málaga, Manchester, Maputo, Marrakech, Marseille, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, Montréal–Trudeau,[48][49] Moscow–Domodedovo, Munich, Nantes, Naples, Natal, Newark, New York–JFK, Nice, Oslo–Gardermoen, Paris–Orly, Ponta Delgada, Porto, Porto Alegre, Porto Santo, Prague, Praia, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Rome–Fiumicino, Sal, Salvador da Bahia, San Francisco, Santiago de Compostela, São Paulo–Guarulhos, São Tomé, São Vicente, Seville, Stockholm–Arlanda, Tel Aviv, Tenerife–South, Terceira, Toronto–Pearson, Toulouse, Valencia, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Washington–Dulles, Zürich Seasonal: Cape Town (begins 11 November 2020),[50] Tangier
Transavia	Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Rotterdam
Transavia France	Lyon, Montpellier,[51] Nantes, Paris–Orly
Tunisair	Tunis Seasonal: Djerba
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul
United Airlines	Newark Seasonal: Washington–Dulles
Vueling	Barcelona, Bilbao, Palma de Mallorca, Paris–Orly, Tenerife–North, Valencia Seasonal: Ibiza
Wizz Air	Belgrade (begins 1 September 2020),[52] Bucharest, Budapest, Dortmund (begins 9 August 2020),[53] Kiev–Zhuliany, London–Luton, Lviv,[54] Milan–Malpensa,[55] Vienna Seasonal: Sofia, Warsaw–Chopin

Statistics

Terminal 1 airside exterior

Control tower

Radar Tower

Busiest routes from Lisbon Airport (2017)[56]

Rank	City, airport	Passengers	% change	Top carriers
Continental
1	Madrid	1,427,102	9.8%	Air Europa, easyJet, Iberia, TAP Air Portugal
2	Paris–Orly	1,297,296	4.0%	Aigle Azur, TAP Air Portugal, Transavia France, Vueling
3	London–Heathrow	865,158	8.6%	British Airways, TAP Air Portugal
4	Amsterdam	858,007	10.6%	easyJet, KLM, TAP Air Portugal, Transavia, Vueling, LEVEL
5	Barcelona	837,128	20.3%	TAP Air Portugal, Vueling
6	Brussels	738,100	5.4%	Brussels Airlines, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal
7	Frankfurt	725,220	17.6%	Lufthansa, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal
8	Paris–Charles de Gaulle	652,431	11.1%	AirFrance, easyJet
9	Geneva	621,369	9.8%	easyJet Switzerland, Swiss International Air Lines, TAP Air Portugal
10	Zürich	534,289	24.0%	easyJet, Swiss International Air Lines, TAP Air Portugal, Vueling
Intercontinental
1	São Paulo–Guarulhos	359,081	24.5%	LATAM Brasil, TAP Air Portugal
2	Luanda	354,452	10.8%	TAAG Angola Airlines, TAP Air Portugal
3	Newark	266,072	5.6%	TAP Air Portugal, United Airlines
4	Rio de Janeiro–Galeão	255,204	2.4%	TAP Air Portugal
5	New York–JFK	218,089	251.4%	Delta, TAP Air Portugal
6	Toronto–Pearson	206,928	80.3%	Air Canada Rouge, Air Transat, TAP Air Portugal
7	Casablanca-Mohammed V	179,989	36.0%	Royal Air Maroc, TAP Air Portugal
8	Boston–Logan	176,379	39.1%	Azores Airlines, TAP Air Portugal
9	Recife	170,638	34.6%	TAP Air Portugal
10	Miami	164,420	32.3%	TAP Air Portugal
Domestic
1	Porto	1,084,250	5.1%	Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal
2	Funchal	945,858	8.2%	easyJet, TAP Air Portugal
3	Ponta Delgada	705,372	36.0%	Azores Airlines, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal
4	Faro	279,808	41.9%	TAP Air Portugal
5	Terceira	240,886	31.2%	Azores Airlines, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal

Ground transportation

Train

Trains to all parts of the country are available at Gare do Oriente station, the main train station in Lisbon. The airport connects to the station via metro in approximately 10 minutes. Alternatively travelers can take the bus to the station, albeit with slightly longer travel times.[57]

Metro

Metro de Lisboa station at Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport

Aeroporto Metro station lies at the Southern edge of the Terminal 1 arrivals area. The Aeroporto Saldanha line takes approximately 20 minutes to reach downtown Lisbon. To use the metro, passengers must purchase a 7 Colinas/Viva Viagem card, which can be topped up and used on the metro and bus network.[57]

Preceding station		Lisbon Metro		Following station
Encarnação toward São Sebastião		Red Line		Terminus

Bus

Carris city buses stop at the airport arrivals section, and connect to Marquis of Pombal Square, and Amoreiras. Night routes run to downtown Baixa, as well as Cais do Sodré and Gare do Oriente train stations. City buses have a maximum luggage size of 50 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm. Travelers with larger luggage must take the aerobus or airport shuttle.[57]

Aerobus

Aerobuses prepared for traveling with large luggage are available at Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 between 07:30 and 23:00 daily, and connect the airport with a number of major destinations in the downtown area, including the Sete Rios bus and train terminal, and Entrecampos, Cais do Sodré, and Rossio railway terminals. Buses have access for those with reduced mobility, and offer free Wi-Fi and USB chargers.[58]

Shuttle

Shuttles are available to transport travelers around the airport, and to locations not serviced by aerobuses.[57]

Taxi

Lisbon city taxis are readily available 24 hours a day outside the arrival and departure areas of the airport.[57] A trip to Lisbon city centre by taxi takes approximately 15 minutes.[59]

Car

The airport is easily accessible by several major highways and main roads. ANA operates several covered and open parking areas.[60] Valet service, car hire, and chauffeur limousine services are also available.[61]

Car sharing

Lisbon also has car sharing companies that operate in the city. There are a few that offer their services at Lisbon Airport such as DriveNow Car Sharing.[62]

Bicycle

Two bicycle paths connect the airport roundabout, situated 300 m South of Terminal 1 to the city's 70 km cycle infrastructure network.[63] One path heads West along Av. do Brasil to the University of Lisbon main campus, passing through the central neighbourhoods of Alvalade, Campo Grande and Entrecampos and connecting with other paths to Telheiras, Colégio Militar, Benfica, and Monsanto Forest Park. The other bicycle path heads East from the roundabout towards Olivais, Gare do Oriente train station and Parque das Nações Expo 98 site, connecting with the riverside bicycle path Southwards along Lisbon harbour to Santa Apolónia train station, cruise ship and ferry terminals, and the historic centre, and North to the Caminho do Tejo pilgrimage trail to Fátima and Santiago de Compostela.

Other facilities

TAP Air Portugal has a complex at Lisbon Airport housing many head offices and the TAP Museum Archives, where visitors can make appointments to view materials including photographs, advertising material, flight logs and manuals.[64] The complex is 22.45 hectares (55.5 acres) large. In 1989 TAP became the owner of the complex due to a governmental decree.[65] TAP's head office is in Building 25.[66] The TAP subsidiary Serviços Portugueses de Handling, S.A. (SPdH) has its head office on the 6th floor of Building 25.[67] Sociedade de Gestão e Serviços, S.A. (TAPGER), another TAP subsidiary, has its head office on the 8th floor of the same building.[68] Building 19 has the head office of Sociedade de Serviços e Engenharia Informática, S.A. (Megasis), a TAP information services subsidiary.[69][70] The TAP documentation and archive is in the annex of Building 19.[71] Building 34, on the far north side of the complex, houses the company's new data processing centre.[72]

ANA Aeroportos de Portugal has its head office in Building 120.[73] Portugália has its head office in Building 70.[74] The TAP catering subsidiary, Catering de Portugal, S.A. (CATERINGPOR), has its head office in Building 59.[75] Cuidados Integrados de Saúde, S.A. (UCS) is based out of Building 35.[76]

Accidents and incidents

• 1 February 1947 – an Air France Douglas C-47 crashed into the Sintra Mountains, killing 15 of 16 people on board.[77]
• 12 April 1959 – a Douglas C-47 of the Portuguese Air Force crashed into the River Tagus after takeoff. All 11 people on board were killed.[78]
• 4 December 1980 – a Cessna 421 carrying Prime Minister of Portugal Francisco de Sá Carneiro and other government officials, crashed into buildings in Camarate after takeoff, killing everyone on board.[79]

See also

• Transport in Portugal
• List of airports in Portugal
• List of eponyms of airports

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

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65. Gomes, Adelina and Inês Sequeira. Público. 19 December 2005. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Área do aeroporto de Lisboa vale 965 milhões de euros." "Em 1989, a companhia aérea tornou-se titular dos terrenos onde tem as suas instalações, devido a um decreto-lei em que o Governo cavaquista desanexou os 22,45 hectares do chamado "reduto TAP" do domínio público aeroportuário."
66. "Estatutos TAP Archived 23 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. Retrieved on 23 February 2010. "A sede da sociedade é em Lisboa, no Edificio 25, no Aeroporto de Lisboa."
67. "2009 Annual Report." TAP Portugal. 90. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "REGISTERED OFFICE Edifício 25-6°, Aeroporto de Lisboa 1704–801 Lisboa"
68. "2009 Annual Report." TAP Portugal. 92. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "REGISTERED OFFICE Aeroporto de Lisboa Reduto TAP, Edifício 25 – 8° 1704–801 Lisboa"
69. "Annual Report 2010." TAP Portugal. 92. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Registered Office Aeroporto de Lisboa, Reduto TAP, Edifício 19"
70. "Contactos Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine." Megasis. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. 1 Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, 2 Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, 3 Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
71. "Museum -> Schedule Archived 15 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine." TAP Portugal. Retrieved on 15 December 2011.
72. "Viagem ao novo Centro de Processamento de dado." Jornal TAP, TAP Portugal. December 2009, No. 72. p. 6. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Edifício 34, no extremo norte do reduto TAP. Uma construção aparentemente banal, de paredes frágeis. É essa a visão com que se depara, do exterior, o visitante do novo Centro de Processamento de Dados da empresa, o CPD2."
73. "Contacts Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine." ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal. Retrieved on 9 September 2010.
74. "Contact Information Archived 10 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Portugália. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Aeroporto de Lisboa Rua C – Edifício 70 1749-078 Lisboa PORTUGAL" – See map Archived 11 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
75. "2009 Annual Report." TAP Portugal. 95. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "REGISTERED OFFICE Aeroporto de Lisboa Rua C, Edifício 59 1749–036 Lisboa"
76. "2009 Annual Report." TAP Portugal. 96. Retrieved on 15 December 2011. "Aeroporto de Lisboa Edifício 35 Apartado 8426 1804–001 Lisboa"
77. Accident description Air France Douglas C-47. Aviation Safety Network
78. Accident description Portuguese Air Force Douglas C-47. Aviation Safety Network
79. Ferreira, Hugo Gil.; Marshall, Michael W. (1986). Portugals revolution: ten years on. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521322049.

External links

Media related to Humberto Delgado Airport at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website
• Accident history for LIS at Aviation Safety Network