Moscow Domodedovo Airport

Moscow Domodedovo Airport (Russian: Домодедово, IPA: [dəmɐˈdʲɛdəvə]), formally "Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport" (IATA: DME, ICAO: UUDD) is an international airport located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, Russia, 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southeast from the centre of Moscow. Domodedovo is one of the four major Moscow airports, as well as one of the largest airports in Russia and the former USSR in terms of passenger and cargo traffic. In 2017, it served 30,700,000 passengers, an increase of 7.6% compared to 2016,[2] making it the second busiest airport in Russia after Sheremetyevo International Airport.

Moscow Domodedovo Airport

Московский аэропорт Домодедово

Moskovskiĭ aėroport Domodedovo
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorEast Line Group
ServesMoscow
LocationDomodedovo
Opened7 April 1962
Hub for
Focus city for
Time zoneEEST (UTC+03:00)
Elevation AMSL179 m / 588 ft
Coordinates55°24′31″N 37°54′22″E
Websitedomodedovo.ru
Map
UUDD
Location of the airport in Moscow Oblast
UUDD
Location of the airport in Russia
UUDD
Location of the airport in Europe
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
14/32 3,800 12,467 Cement-concrete
14L/32R 2,370 7,776 Reinforced concrete
14R/32L 3,500 11,483 Cement-concrete
Statistics (2018)
Passengers29,403,704
Passenger change 16–177.6%
Aircraft movements234,700
Movements change 16–174.2%
Sources: Russian Federal Air Transport Agency (see also provisional 2018 statistics)[1]

Following a 2019 naming contest and presidential decree, it became named after Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.[3]

History

The airport is named after the town of Domodedovo, on the territory of which it is located.

Survey work on the construction of the new Capital Airport began in 1948, after a decision by the Politburo. It was then described as special "facility №306".

In 1951, preparatory work on construction began: cutting firebreaks, and construction of access roads, including roads from Paveletskaya.

A 1954 Resolution of the Council of Ministers of 13 November approved the proposal of the Main Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet under the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of the second airport of the Moscow civil air fleet near the village Elgazin Podolsky (now Domodedovo) Moscow Oblast.

In 1958, a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers enabled completion of construction of the first stage of the airport in 1962.

In 1962, an Order of the Head of Main Directorate of Civil Aviation, issued on 7 April No. 200 ("On the organization of the Moscow Domodedovo airport") ordered "organize as part of the Moscow Transport Aviation Management Directorate the new airport, and continue to call it the Moscow Domodedovo Airport". Therefore, 7 April 1962 is considered the official birthday of the airport. By the end of 1962, after the official approbation, the airport began flights by postal and cargo planes.

Domodedovo's terminal as it appeared in June 1974
Domodedovo in July 2016

Services from Domodedovo began in March 1964 with a flight to Sverdlovsk using a Tupolev 104. The airport, intended to handle the growth of long-distance domestic traffic in the Soviet Union, was officially opened in May 1965. A second runway, parallel to the existing one, was put into service 18 months after the opening of the airport. On 26 December 1975, Domodedovo Airport was selected for the inaugural flight of the Tupolev Tu-144 to Alma Ata.

In 1993–1994, East Line Group, founded by Urals entrepreneurs Anton Bakov and Dmitry Kamenschik,[4] who built capital in the early 1990s on hauling cargo from Asian countries to Russia, invested in several facilities at Domodedovo, including a new customs terminal and catering services.[5] In late 1996, Kamenschik-led East Line Group privatized the terminal facilities of Domodedovo Airport and formed JSC 'International Airport Domodedovo' and several other commercial entities controlling the airfield operations at the airport. Since 1998, the runways, air traffic control, and communication facilities are formally on a lease to the subsidiary of East Line Group. Later, in 2005 and 2008, the legality of these deals with East Line Group was contested by the Russian Rosimushchestvo government agency supervising the state property.[6]

East Line's strategic goal to stabilize the airport's future and to establish Domodedovo as an important international and multi-modal transportation hub was gradually achieved throughout the 2000s (decade). In the 2000s (decade), East Line Group began to heavily invest in reconstruction and modernization of the outdated airport facilities.

In 2000, as a result of reconstruction, the capacity of the airport complex has reached 6,000 passengers per hour: MVL – 2800 passengers per hour, DAL – 3,200 passengers per hour. As a result of this work Domodedovo airport terminal was the first in Russia to successfully pass the certification to ISO 9001:2000.

In 2003, the authoritative British magazine Airline Business has recognized the dynamics of growth in passenger traffic of Domodedovo highest among the 150 largest airports in the world. In 2004, the air harbor is among the hundred of the leading airports in the world, and by 2005 became the leader in terms of passenger traffic in the Moscow aviation hub and holds the palm for over 10 years.

By 2009, the terminal floor space was expanded to 135,000 sq. meters (1,453,000 ft2) from 70,000 sq. meters (753,000 ft2) in 2004. The renovated terminal and airport facilities allowed the owners of the airport to attract British Airways, China Eastern Airlines, Lufthansa, Royal Air Maroc, Japan Airlines, Austrian Airlines, and Vietnam Airlines who moved their flights from another major international Moscow airport, Sheremetyevo Airport, to Domodedovo. Domodedovo topped Sheremetyevo Airport in terms of passenger traffic becoming the busiest airport in Russia. By 2010, the traffic at Domodedovo spiked to over 22 million passengers per year from 2.8 million in 2000.[7]

Domodedovo is Russia's first airport to have parallel runways operating simultaneously.[8] Since the air traffic control tower was redeveloped in 2003, Domodedovo can control over 70 takeoffs and landings per hour. By late in the 1st decade of the 21st century, the airport had five business lounges set up by individual airlines.

Current main building

In 2003, the airport began an expansion program designed to obtain approval for wide-body aircraft operations. The runway, taxiways, and parking areas were enlarged and strengthened. In March 2009, it was announced that the approval had been granted, making Domodedovo Airport the first in Russia approved for new large aircraft (NLA) operations such as the Airbus A380. The approval signifies that its operations areas comply with size and strength requirements of ICAO Category F standards.[9] The airport has ILS category III A status.

Domodedovo Airport has been the focus of two terrorist-related incidents. In 2004, Muslim suicide bombers managed to pass airport security, board two passenger planes, and carry out the bombings after departure from Domodedovo. Despite the heightened security measures taken after this incident, another suicide bomber attack occurred on 24 January 2011, when an Islamist militant entered the terminal building and detonated a bomb in the arrival hall. As a result, mandatory screening and pat-down practices have been introduced at the airport terminal entrances.

The identity of East Line's owners controlling the operations at Domodedovo Airport was vague with traces leading to offshore companies.[10] However, in May 2011, Dmitry Kamenschik was disclosed to be the main beneficiary of East Line's assets.[11] At that time, Domodedovo Airport contemplated IPO,[12] however these plans were scrapped.[13]

Future development

As of January 2016, new concourse extensions adjacent to the current terminal building are under construction. The construction is projected to increase the overall size of the passenger terminal to 225,000 m2. The extensions are opened in stages in 2012–2014. In May 2015, the new extension of terminal A (the main building) was finished, which contains new offices, an airport lounge and new passport control desks, and it differs by design compared to other terminal parts. All concourses will remain connected and plan to increase the efficiency of the airport operations and passenger connections by using ICAO and IATA transfer technologies. A new parking space was also finished, which can accommodate over 1500 cars

Terminal 2
New terminal under construction.

The first stage of Terminal 2 is being built as the part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup program, for international flights. When completed, the international flights operated at concourse B will all be shifted to the new segment, which will become the second segment of a new passenger terminal and will be twice the size of Terminal 5 at London Heathrow – the equivalent of 61 football fields. New premises area of 235,000 sq. meters (2,529,000 ft1) (segment T2) will be mounted to the left wing of the existing terminal. There will be about 100 check-in counters, 40 self check-in kiosk, as well as special jetways for the world's largest passenger aircraft Airbus A380. As a result, the total area of the passenger terminal (including the expansion of the current main segment T1) will increase by more than double to nearly 500,000 square meters.[14] It was designed by British company RMJM and uses the under-the-roof concept, which means that passengers from all flights will be serviced within a single terminal. One of Europe's largest air hubs – Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport – operates under this concept.[15] The construction was initially planned to be finished by March 2018, however, due to immediate change of the contractor, the construction delayed, significantly. During FIFA-2018, in new terminal worked only specific arrival and departure zones and they worked only for the football fans, travelling with the fan-passports. The terminal will fully finish its construction with all remaining parts by first quarter of 2020.[16]

Terminal 3 and Aeroexpress Terminal

Currently, the part of the airport terminal which is used as the entrance to the Aeroexpress platform is under reconstruction; the old platform is being demolished and shifted into the new one, with a temporary terminal,which will operate during the reconstruction process. This is being done to connect two parking sectors: major and on the right side of the railway line; construct a new bigger terminal; and to form another exit, direct from the baggage claim at domestic arrivals. Moreover, the path to the Aeroexpress platform is planned to be underground. This will allow to form the perspective project of the new Terminal 3, construction of which is planned to commence in 2018, after finishing the construction of Terminal 2. The Aeroexpress Terminal is planned to be fully finished by first quarter of 2018. According to the schedule, T-3 is planned to be bigger than T-2.[17]

Airport facilities

Terminals
Terminal interior

Domodedovo Airport has one terminal building comprising two separate concourses for domestic (and some former Soviet republic countries) and international flights. It has 22 jetways altogether. When Terminal 2 is completed, the number of jet bridges will rise to 33.

Duty-free shops

Both concourses A and B contain Duty Free facilities, with a wider selection at concourse A, because of the international destinations served there. At concourse B the selection is narrower, because of the domestic destinations. The duty-free selection will be expanded after Terminal 2 commences operations. The contract for operating at the duty-free shops in Terminal 2 was won by Heinemann Duty Free.

Hotel

In September 2017, a new hotel was opened inside the airport terminal ("Aerotel Express"). This allows passengers transiting through Moscow to stay at a hotel without exiting the terminal (previously transit passengers had to leave the terminal and use a shuttle van to access the nearest hotel). This was the first hotel inside an airport terminal in Russia.[18][19]

Lounges

There are several lounge facilities at the airport like the British Airways Navigator Club Lounge, the Lufthansa Business Class Lounge, the Austrian Airlines Business Class Lounge, the Brussels Airlines Business Class Lounge, the Swiss Airlines Business Class Lounge, the S7 Business Class Lounge, the Priority Pass Business Lounge and several more. Most of the Lounges can also be accessed with a Star Alliance Gold Member Card (or higher) or a Oneworld Emerald Card (or higher).

In December 2019, the OneWorld Alliance confirmed their plans of opening their first branded lounge relating to their 20th anniversary at Moscow's Domodedovo International Airport. Further details on the lounge and its opening date will be announced in 2020.[20]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter services to and from Domodedovo:[21]

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens, Thessaloniki
Seasonal: Heraklion, Kalamata, Rhodes
Air Arabia Sharjah
Air Astana Almaty, Nur-Sultan[22]
Air Manas Bishkek
Air Moldova Chişinău
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda [23]
Alrosa Mirny Air Enterprise Mirny, Novosibirsk, Polyarny
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Seasonal charter: Innsbruck
Avia Traffic Company Bishkek, Osh
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku
Belavia Minsk
British Airways London–Heathrow
EgyptAir Cairo[24]
El Al Tel Aviv
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa, Athens[25]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
Gulf Air Bahrain
Iberia Seasonal: Madrid[26]
IrAero Barnaul, Irkutsk, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Saratov[27]
Izhavia Izhevsk
Komiaviatrans Naryan-Mar, Syktyvkar
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
Montenegro Airlines Tivat[28]
NordStar Anapa, Krasnoyarsk–International, Makhachkala, Mineralnye Vody, Norilsk, Saint Petersburg, Shijiazhuang,[29] Sochi
Seasonal charter: Heraklion,[30] Patras[30]
Oman Air Muscat[31]
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Antalya, Bodrum,[32] Dalaman,[32] Gazipaşa,[32] Izmir[32]
Qatar Airways Doha[33]
Red Wings Airlines Astrakhan,[34] Belgrade, Fergana, Makhachkala, Namangan, Navoi, Novosibirsk, Samara,[35] Samarkand,[36] Simferopol, Sochi, Ufa,[37] Yerevan[38]
Seasonal: Tivat[39]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca[40]
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
S7 Airlines Abakan, Alicante, Anapa, Antalya,[41] Ashgabat, Astrakhan, Baku, Barcelona, Barnaul, Belgorod,[42] Berlin–Brandenburg (begins 8 November 2020),[43] Berlin–Tegel (ends 7 November 2020),[43] Blagoveshchensk,[44] Bratsk, Burgas, Catania,[45] Chelyabinsk, Chita, Daşoguz,[46] Düsseldorf, Gelendzhik, Geneva,[47] Gorno-Altaysk, Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Kazan, Kemerovo, Khujand, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk–International, Larnaca, Lipetsk,[48] Mineralnye Vody, Mirny, Munich, Murmansk,[49] Nadym, Nizhnevartovsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Norilsk, Novokuznetsk, Novosibirsk, Novy Urengoy, Omsk, Oral,[50] Osh, Oskemen, Paphos, Paris–Orly,[51] Pavlodar, Penza, Perm, Pisa, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Samarkand, Saratov, Simferopol, Sochi, Stavropol, Tashkent,[52] Tenerife–South, Tivat, Tomsk, Tyumen,[53] Ufa, Ulan-Ude, Ulyanovsk–Baratayevka,[54] Urgench, Ürümqi, Varna, Verona, Vladikavkaz, Volgograd, Voronezh, Yakutsk, Yekaterinburg, Yerevan
Seasonal: Bari, Chambéry, Heraklion,[55] Innsbruck, Nice,[56] Olbia,[57] Palma de Mallorca, Plovdiv, Pula, Reykjavík–Keflavík,[58] Rhodes, Salzburg, Semey,[56] Turin
Severstal Air Company Cherepovets
Seasonal: Kirovsk/Apatity
Singapore Airlines Singapore, Stockholm–Arlanda
Smartavia Arkhangelsk, Irkutsk,[59] Kaliningrad,[60] Makhachkala, Mineralnye Vody,[60] Murmansk, Novosibirsk,[60] Orenburg,[61] Rostov-on-Don,[60] Simferopol,[62] Ulan-Ude,[63] Yerevan[64]
Seasonal: Anapa,[60] Gelendzhik[60]
Somon Air Dushanbe, Khujand, Kulob
Swiss International Air Lines Geneva, Zürich
Tajik Air Dushanbe
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon
Thai Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi[65][66]
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat
Ural Airlines Bahrain, Barnaul, Bishkek, Blagoveshchensk,[67] Bordeaux,[68] Chelyabinsk, Chita, Hefei,[69] Irkutsk, Kaliningrad,[67] Karshi, Kulob, Kutaisi, Lankaran, Larnaca, Mineralnye Vody, Minsk,[70] Montpellier,[68] Mumbai,[71] Novosibirsk, Nukus, Omsk, Osh, Rimini, Saint Petersburg,[67] Surgut,[72] Tomsk, Ufa, Yekaterinburg, Yerevan
Seasonal: Barcelona, Dalaman, Dubai–International, Eilat, Gyumri, Qabala,[73] Tivat, Ulan-Ude
Seasonal charter: Antalya,[74] Aqaba,[74] Brindisi ,[74] Burgas,[74] Dubai–Al Maktoum,[74] Djerba ,[74] Enfidha,[74] Girona,[74] Heraklion,[74] Lamezia Terme,[74] Paphos,[74] Podgorica,[74] Ras Al Khaimah,[74] Tirana,[74] Varna,[74] Verona[74]
UVT Aero Bugulma, Gelendzhik, Sovetsky
Vueling Seasonal: Barcelona
Yamal Airlines Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Saint Petersburg, Salekhard, Tyumen, Ufa
Seasonal charter: Corfu [75]

Cargo
AirlinesDestinations
AirBridgeCargo Amsterdam, Beijing–Capital, Chengdu, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Krasnoyarsk–Yemelyanovo, Maastricht, Milan–Malpensa, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Saint Petersburg, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore,[76] Tokyo–Narita, Yekaterinburg, Zaragoza, Zhengzhou
Asiana Cargo Vienna, London-Stansted, London-Heathrow
EgyptAir Cargo Cairo
Emirates SkyCargo Dubai–Al Maktoum
Etihad Cargo Abu Dhabi, Milan–Malpensa
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt, Istanbul–Atatürk, Osaka–Kansai
Suparna Airlines Cargo Luxembourg City, Shanghai–Pudong

Statistics

Annual traffic
Annual Passenger Traffic[77]
Year Passengers % Change
201022,254,529
201125,701,610 15.5%
201228,000,000 9%
201330,760,000 10%
201433,039,531 7.5%
201530,504,515 -7.7%
201628,366,800 -7%
201730,700,000 7.6%
201829,400,000 -4.3%

Other facilities

Ground transportation

Rail
Countries served by Domodedovo Airport
Moscow Aeroexpress
 Aeroport Vnukovo railway station
Aeroport
 Moscow Kiyevskaya
Moscow Belorusskaya
Moscow Savelovskaya
Okruzhnaya
Sheremetyevo railway station
Lobnya railway station
 Moscow Kalanchyovskaya
Moscow Kurskaya
Moscow Paveletskaya
Verkhnie Kotly
Aeroport Domodedovo railway station

The airport has a railway station with service to the Paveletsky Rail Terminal in central Moscow. The rail connection, which was completed in 2002, provides Aeroexpress trains (takes 45 min; coach class costs 470 rubles, business class costs 1,000 rubles), with two stops at Paveletsky Rail Terminal and Verkhnie Kotly railway station.
Regular suburban commuter trains in the Paveletsky suburban railway line take 65 to 70 min and cost 99 rubles, but are infrequent during the day.

Bus

Connection to Moscow is served by bus 308 (ample luggage room) and commercial marshrutka minivans (more frequent departures): to Domodedovskaya of Moscow Metro Zamoskvoretskaya Line (#2). The fare is 150 rubles (eq. to 2 US$), travel time around 45 minutes.

Local buses 11, 26, 30 link to nearby towns and connect to the railway station in the Paveletsky suburban railway line at Domodedovo municipality.

Bus 999 is South-East bound and connects the airport to Bronnitsy, Kolomna and Ryazan.

Road

The airport has several long and short term parking lots. The terminal itself is accessed from the junction of Moscow Ring Road and Kashirskoye Highway via a designated 22 kilometer (14 mi) four-lane freeway. Licensed taxi, limo services, and car rental (Hertz, Avis, and Sixt) providers are available at the counters of the arrival hall. Uber, Gett, Yandex.Taxi offer flat-rate trips to anywhere in Moscow, booked via mobile app.

Accidents and incidents
  • On 5 December 1999, a cargo variant of the Ilyushin Il-114 crashed during a test flight at Domodedovo, killing five and injuring two.[81]
  • On 22 March 2010, a Tu-204 operating Aviastar-TU Flight 1906, a ferry flight without passengers and with 8 crew from Hurghada, Egypt, crashed in a forest 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) away from the airport while trying to land in fog. There were no fatalities and the crew escaped the crashed aircraft on their own, but four of them were seriously injured.[82]
  • On 4 December 2010, South East Airlines Flight 372 made an emergency landing at Domodedovo, killing two people and injuring 56.[83]
  • On 11 February 2018, Saratov Airlines Flight 703, an Antonov 148 crashed shortly after takeoff killing all 71 people on board.
gollark: I use VS code for my editing!
gollark: qUack.
gollark: *starts*
gollark: *call the function*
gollark: *that is not what I meant*

See also

References

Citations
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