Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport

Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport (Polish: Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy, formerly Polish: Port Lotniczy Gdańsk-Rębiechowo, German: Flughafen Danzig Lech Walesa) (IATA: GDN, ICAO: EPGD) is an international airport located 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest[1] of Gdańsk, Poland, not far from the city centres of the Tricity metropolitan area: Gdańsk (12 km (7.5 mi)), Sopot (10 km (6.2 mi)) and Gdynia (23 km (14 mi)). Since 2004 the airport has been named after Lech Wałęsa, the former Polish president. With around 5.4 million passengers served in 2019, it is the 3rd largest airport in Poland in terms of passenger traffic.

Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport

Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorPort Lotniczy Gdańsk Spółka z.o.o.
ServesTricity, Poland
Elevation AMSL149 m / 489 ft
Coordinates54°22′39″N 018°27′58″E
Websiteairport.gdansk.pl
Map
GDN
Location of airport in Poland
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
11/29 2,800 9,186 Asphalt/Concrete
Statistics (2019)
Passengers served5,376,120
Aircraft Movements48,882
Source: Polish AIP at EUROCONTROL[1] Statistics: Airport site

History

Early years (1910s–1950s)

The first passenger flights in Gdańsk were operated in the year 1919 from an airfield in the Langfuhr district of the Free City of Danzig (nowadays Wrzeszcz district of Gdańsk).[2] It was possible thanks to a transformation of that military location into a civilian facility. The airport was at that time additionally used for airmail services and by the police. In the next years the airport continued acquisitions of further areas which allowed it to expand and invest in modern infrastructure at that time. The technical development of Gdansk Wrzeszcz Airport (Danzig-Langfuhr Airport) was followed by the launching of regular routes to Warsaw, Berlin, Moscow, Königsberg and other important cities of the region. The flights were already operated by numerous international aviation companies.

A Junkers F.13 at Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz in 1921.

The first Polish route was served between Gdańsk, Warsaw and Lviv by Aerolloyd and it was started in September 1922. The company initially used Junkers F.13 aircraft on that daily route. This domestic service was the beginning of the company which later gradually became the LOT Polish Airlines, which is still Poland's national carrier.

A railway connection to Gdansk Wrzeszcz Airport was built in the 1920s. This was followed by new tram tracks in 1930. The airport itself had a concrete runway which had light and navigation facilities allowing aircraft to land and to take off at night. In the 1930s Gdansk Wrzeszcz Airport served less than 2 thousand passengers annually but it was an important international hub that connected four countries and provided transport facilities between Polish cities.

The airport in Wrzeszcz was an important base of the German air forces during World War II. Even before that, German pilots had been trained on the grounds of this airport. Heavy bombings and other military activities led to the destruction of the airport. However, it was reconstructed after the war and it was provided with modern technologies which allowed the airport to develop. Old domestic routes as well as many international destinations were relaunched. The airport had regular connections to countries like Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Denmark and Sweden.

New location since 1970s

As the airport facilities became old and nonfunctional at the end of the 1960s (including runway lights which forced airport authorities to ban night flights), a new location near the village of Rębiechowo was chosen. The airport had to be built somewhere else also because of further urban development. New areas were needed in order to make it possible for the public investors to construct new buildings for the growing population of Gdańsk. Furthermore, a new longer runway was necessary in order to allow larger jet airliners to take off and land safely as the era of modern jet aircraft began. The old airport in Wrzeszcz was officially closed on 1 May 1974 and it practically ceased to exist as a large housing estate was built on its grounds. Nowadays only a few remaining elements of the old Wrzeszcz airport infrastructure can be found, including remnants of its main north-south oriented runway in what is now the Zaspa district.

After the closure of the old airport, the new one was built and it opened in 1974 near the village of Rębiechowo[2] (on westernmost land incorporated into the Gdańsk borough of Matarnia in 1973). The airport acquired its current name in 2004. There was some controversy as to whether the name should be spelled Lech Walesa (without diacritics, but better recognizable in the world) or Lech Wałęsa (with Polish letters, but difficult to write and pronounce for foreigners, the closest English phonetic approximation being "Vawensa").

Since 1993 Gdańsk Airport has been owned 31.45% by the authorities of Pomeranian Voivodeship, 29.45% by the city of Gdańsk, 1.14% by the city of Gdynia, 0.35% by the city of Sopot and 37.61% by Polish Airports State Enterprise. In 2006 the airport served for the first time in its history more than 1 million passengers per year. In 2010 the passenger number was higher than 2 million. After the construction of a new modern passenger terminal with extended capacities (the opening took place in April 2012 ahead of the UEFA Euro 2012 football championships), the airport continued its development and it served for the first time over 3 million passengers in a single year in 2014. In summer season 2015 the airlines flying to and from the airport served over 50 regular routes as well as charter and cargo flights.

Airport infrastructure

Airside facilities

Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport has a single asphalt-concrete runway in the direction of 11/29.[3] The runway is 2,800 m (9,200 ft) long and it is equipped with a modern ILS CAT II allowing aircraft to land in foggy weather. The decision height established for the approach system in Gdańsk is 30 m (98 ft), whereas the visibility minimum for pilots varies from 125 m (410 ft) to 300 m (980 ft), the higher value being required in the initial one-third of the runway's length.[4][5] In addition, the navigation facilities at the airport are supplemented with a modern wide area multilateration system.[6]

The runway as well as taxiways are equipped with light aids system using LED technology. The lighting of the runway can be remotely controlled from the flight control tower. The runway has eight exit taxiways leading to five parking aprons where up to 18 middle-sized aircraft (e.g. Boeing 737 or Airbus 321) can be parked. The airport also has an extra apron used in winter for de-icing of aircraft. The deicing pad has been constructed in a way which allows keeping up ecological standards.

Passenger terminals
Public area at Terminal T2
Departures area at Terminal T2

Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport has two passengers terminals (T1 and T2), of which only Terminal T2 is fully functional. Terminal T1 was built in 1993 and is currently being used for departures (passport control and boarding) to countries which are not part of Schengen Area, mainly to Great Britain, Ireland and holiday destinations e.g. to Egypt. There are no check-in desks in Terminal T1 but passengers waiting for their flights can do the shopping at duty-free stores located close to the departure gates. The building is connected with the newer Terminal T2 with a bridge. The old building is planned to be torn down in the future when the new terminal is extended.

The new terminal, called Terminal T2, is a modern building with characteristic architectural elements, the roof imitating waves at sea being an example of them. It was constructed west of Terminal T1. The first part (departures only) was completed in 2012, and the arrival area started operations in September 2015. Since then, Terminal 1 has not been serving any arriving flights.

The overall area of Terminal 2 amounts to approx. 54,000 m2 (580,000 sq ft). The terminal has a direct link to a railway station. It has 25 check-in desks, a highly modern luggage transport and sorting facility and a spacious departure area with gates. At the airport in Gdańsk, five jet bridges are available for airlines to use. The terminal handled 3.3 million passengers in 2014 which was about 66% of its maximum capacity. However, after the completion of the new arrival area, the maximum capacity of the airport is estimated at 7 million passengers per year. The terminal offers services such as tourist information, shops, kiosks, bars, currency exchange desks, different car rentals and an executive lounge. There is also a conference room and facilities for handling VIP passengers and general aviation flights.

Future development

According to the airport authorities,[7] Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport will be further developed in the next years. Plans include an installation of an even more modern landing system ILS CAT IIIb which will allow pilots to operate at very poor visibility caused by fog and bad weather.[8] Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport will be the second airport in Poland, after Warsaw Chopin Airport, to have this facility.

The existing terminal is also planned to be extended despite the fact that it is new and can easily handle the current passengers flows. A new concourse will be constructed exclusively for departing flights. When it is finished, the old terminal building serving Non-Schengen flights will be either demolished or rebuilt for other purposes which will not be directly aimed at passenger services. The construction of the new part of the terminal is planned to be finished in 2021.[9]

After the modernization and extension work, the new capacity of the Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport will be at the estimated level of 9 million passengers annually.

Also, a completely new district of Gdansk is planned to be built directly next to the airport. It will be called Gdansk Airport City and it will consist mainly of new buildings with offices and services as well as hotels. The construction works are planned to begin in 2019.[10] However, some facilities that will become a part of the Airport City in the future already exist. These include the Allcon Park offering office areas, as well as the first of the planned five buildings of BCB Business Park. The existing Hampton by Hilton hotel located opposite the airport terminal will also be part of the new Airport City district in Gdansk.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger
AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Seasonal charter: Heraklion[11]
Buzz Seasonal charter: Burgas,[12][13] Heraklion,[12][13] Palma de Mallorca,[13] Rhodes,[13] Varna,[13] Tirana,[14] Zakynthos[12]
Enter Air Charter: Hurghada[12]
Seasonal charter: Antalya,[15] Burgas,[12][13] Corfu,[12] Enfidha,[12] Girona,[12] Kos,[11] Palma de Mallorca[13]
Eurowings Düsseldorf
KLM Amsterdam
LOT Polish Airlines Kraków, Warsaw–Chopin
Seasonal: Barcelona,[16] Burgas,[16] Chania,[16] Corfu,[16] Dubrovnik,[16] Kavala,[16] Rhodes,[16] Rome-Fiumicino,[16] Rzeszów, Split,[16] Thessaloniki,[16] Tirana,[16] Zadar [16]
Seasonal charter: Bodrum[12]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
Norwegian Air Shuttle Bergen, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo–Gardermoen, Stockholm–Arlanda, Trondheim
Onur Air Seasonal charter: Antalya[12]
Pegasus Airlines Seasonal charter: Antalya[12]
Ryanair Aarhus, Alicante, Bergamo, Birmingham, Bristol, Copenhagen, Cork, Dublin, Edinburgh, Gothenburg, Hamburg, Kiev–Boryspil, Kraków, Leeds/Bradford, London–Stansted, Malta, Manchester, Odessa, Sandefjord, Stockholm–Skavsta, Växjö, Wrocław
Seasonal: Athens, Belfast–International, Burgas, Kalamata, Newcastle upon Tyne, Paphos,[17] Pisa, Reus, Vienna[18]
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen, Oslo–Gardermoen
Seasonal: Stockholm–Arlanda
Smartwings Poland Seasonal: Rhodes
Seasonal charter: Chania,[11] Heraklion,[12] Thessaloniki[11]
Wizz Air Aberdeen, Ålesund, Bari, Beauvais, Bergamo, Bergen, Billund, Bodø, Cologne/Bonn, Doncaster/Sheffield, Dortmund, Edinburgh, Eindhoven, Gothenburg, Hamburg, Haugesund, Kharkiv, Kiev–Zhuliany, Kristiansand, Kutaisi, Larnaca, Liverpool, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, Lviv, Malmö, Molde, Odessa, Oslo–Gardermoen, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Sandefjord, Stavanger, Stockholm–Skavsta, Tromsø, Trondheim, Turku, Zaporizhia
Seasonal: Barcelona, Mykonos

Cargo
AirlinesDestinations
DHL Aviation Leipzig/Halle, Tallinn
FedEx Feeder Berlin-Schönefeld, Paris-Charles de Gaulle[19]
SprintAir Warsaw-Chopin

Statistics

Traffic
Aircraft at Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport
Year Passengers Passengers Change Cargo (t) Flight operations
1999 249,913 1,472 10,512
2000 269,960 8.0% 1,552 11,586
2001 319,174 18.2% 1,953 14,052
2002 318,033 0.4% 2,211 13,450
2003 365,036 14.8% 2,686 14,346
2004 463,840 27.1% 2,742 17,500
2005 677,946 46.2% 3,433 19,000
2006 1,249,780 84.3% 4,037 24,200
2007 1,708,739 36.7% 4,757 28,200
2008 1,954,166 14.4% 4,610 31,000
2009 1,890,925 3.2% 4,067 30,000
2010 2,232,590 18.1% 4,487 32,000
2011 2,483,000 11.2% 4,943 34,360
2012 2,906,000 17.0% 4,851 37,022
2013 2,843,737 2.1% 4,918 42,041
2014 3,288,180 15.6% 5,658 39,974
2015 3,706,108 12.7% 5,162 40,261
2016 4,004,081 8.0% 4,863 41,079
2017 4,611,714 15.0% 5,500 43,422
2018 4,980,647 8.0% 6,213 46,482
2019 5,376,120 7.9% 6,887 48,882

Routes
Most popular scheduled destinations (2016-2019)
City 2019 2018 2017 2016
London, United Kingdom 591,170 534,676 513,563 486,864
Oslo, Norway 442,987 380,671 324,518 291,794
Stockholm, Sweden 289,985 299,024 279,970 231,435
Warsaw, Poland 280,670 269,283 522,449 443,418
Copenhagen, Denmark 196,820 167,841 167,793 154,872
Amsterdam, Netherlands 151,220 120,231 47,826 0
Munich, Germany 148,283 153,460 132,550 156,865
Eindhoven, Netherlands 132,355 124,419 88,993 ?
Frankfurt, Germany 119,529 128,041 149,872 143,346
Turku, Finland 117,273 117,008 92,712 88,098

Airlines
Passenger airlines serving GDN, excluding charters (2015-2019)[20]
Airline Passengers (2019) Passengers (2018) Passengers (2017) Passengers (2016) Passengers (2015)
Wizz Air 2,460,163 2,259,969 2,037,832 1,862,137 1,772,840
Ryanair 1,262,600 1,194,672 1,312,084 1,026,016 820,590
LOT Polish Airlines 334,731 328,136 328,905 299,902 250,268
Lufthansa 267,812 273,326 246,301 270,349 277,245
Scandinavian Airlines 213,133 213,384 219,827 199,351 164,628
Norwegian Air Shuttle 154,303 123,874 86,668 79,986 73,829
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 151,220 120,231 47,826 0 0
Finnair 60,301 51,538 33,131 31,099 21,563
Swiss International Air Lines 22,885 0 0 0 0
easyJet 17,348 0 0 0 0
Air Baltic 9,113 7,243 0 0 0
Eurowings 6,518 0 0 0 0
Air Berlin - - 17,891 15,239 69,156
Ukraine International Airlines 0 0 0 3,310 0

Ground transportation

Rail
SA 136 passenger train at the railway station at Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport

Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna (PKM, the 'Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway) connects Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport with Wrzeszcz, Gdynia Główna railway station and downtown Gdańsk. It connects to the Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) the 'Fast Urban Railway' which provides further connections by frequent trains[21] every 6 minutes to 30 minutes to 27 stations throughout the Tricity.

As of October 2015, the tickets for the train to and from Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport can be purchased in ZTM as well as SKM ticket machines located at stations throughout the city. Tickets are also sold in the trains by the conductors and they should be in this case purchased immediately after getting on the train. Regular tickets to and from Gdańsk (City ticket) cost 3,50 PLN one way. Regular tickets to/from Gdynia (Tricity ticket) cost 6,50 PLN one way. It is possible to change trains and to get to other areas of Tricity. In this case, the ticket prices may vary depending on the final station of the journey.

Bus

As of January 2018, the following city bus lines connect the airport:

  • to Gdańsk-Centre, (Orunia Gościnna), Route 210[22] via Gdańsk-Morena, Gdańsk Main Railway Station, old city.
  • to Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz, Route 110 to Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz railway station.
  • to Sopot, Route 122 to Sopot – Kamienny Potok railway station via Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz
  • night bus line N3 to Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz railway station and Gdańsk main railway station
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See also

References
  1. "EAD Basic - Error Page". www.ead.eurocontrol.int.
  2. "Historia lotniska". Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport (Press release). Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy.
  3. "Droga startowa". Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport (Press release). Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy.
  4. Gdańsk Airport with ILS CAT II – Official website of Gdańsk Airport (in Polish)
  5. Fog ceases to be a problem. New era for Gdańsk Airport. – Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish)
  6. "Pierwszy w Polsce system multilateracyjny uruchomiony w Gdańsku". Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport (Press release). Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy.
  7. Maciej Dzwonnik (27 December 2016). "Duże zmiany na gdańskim lotnisku. Tylko w przyszłym roku inwestycje za 40 mln" [Big changes at the Gdansk airport. Only next year, investment for 40 million]. Wiadomości Trójmiasto [Tricity News] (in Polish).
  8. Michał Jamroż (9 November 2017). "Gdańskie lotnisko będzie miało supernowoczesny system ILS III kategorii" [Gdansk airport will have a state-of-the-art ILS III category system]. Wiadomości Trójmiasto [Tricity News] (in Polish).
  9. https://www.airport.gdansk.pl/lotnisko/aktualnosci/umowa-na-nowy-pirs-terminalu-pasazerskiego-podpisana-video-n1694.html
  10. "3 oferty na budowę biurowca Alpha przy lotnisku".
  11. "Schedule of flights". grecos.pl.
  12. "Coral Travel". coraltravel.pl.
  13. "Charter flights". tui.pl.
  14. "Charter tickets". r.pl.
  15. "air and charter tickets". itaka.pl.
  16. Liu, Jim (29 June 2020). "LOT Polish Airlines outlines Summer 2020 LOTnaWakacje Holiday program". routesonline.com.
  17. https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/06/29/ryanair-launching-flights-from-paphos-to-netherlands-and-poland/
  18. https://www.pasazer.com/news/44064/lauda,poleci,z,gdanska,do,wiednia.html
  19. FedEx Express expands network in Europe, Middle East and Asia – Post & Parcel
  20. "Ponad 4,6 mln obsłużonych pasażerów i cel 5 mln w 2018!". Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport (Press release). Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy.
  21. "SKM Trójmiasto: Strona główna". www.skm.pkp.pl.
  22. Gdańsk, Silesia Transport na zlecenie ZTM. "ZTM Gdańsk » Rozkłady jazdy". ztm.gda.pl.

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