Roane County, Tennessee

Roane County is a county of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 54,181.[2] Its county seat is Kingston.[3]

Roane County
U.S. county
Roane County Courthouse in Kingston
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°52′12″N 84°30′06″W
Country United States
State Tennessee
Founded1801
Named forArchibald Roane[1]
SeatKingston
Largest cityHarriman
Area
 • Total395 sq mi (1,020 km2)
 • Land361 sq mi (930 km2)
 • Water34 sq mi (90 km2)  8.7%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2018)
53,140
 • Density150/sq mi (60/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district3rd
Websiteroanecountytn.gov

Roane County is included in the Knoxville, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Roane County was formed in 1801, and named for Archibald Roane, the second Governor of Tennessee.[1] Upon the creation of the Southwest Territory in 1790, the territory's governor, William Blount, initially wanted to locate the territorial capital at the mouth of the Clinch River, but was unable to obtain title to the land from the Cherokee. Kingston, Roane's county seat, is rooted in Fort Southwest Point, a frontier fort constructed in the early 1790s.[1]

During the Civil War, Roane County, like many East Tennessee counties, was largely pro-Union. When Tennessee voted on the Ordinance of Secession on June 8, 1861, Roane Countians voted 1,568 to 454 in favor of remaining in the Union.[4] In October 1861, Union guerrilla William B. Carter organized the East Tennessee bridge-burning conspiracy from a command post in Kingston.[5] During the Knoxville Campaign in December 1863, a Union force led by General James G. Spears scattered a small Confederate force led by John R. Hart near Kingston.[6]

In the years following the Civil War, Rockwood grew into a major iron and coal mining center with the establishment of the Roane Iron Company by General John T. Wilder. Iron ore and coal were mined on Walden Ridge and shipped to Rockwood, where the ore was converted into pig iron. The pig iron was then shipped to rolling mills in Knoxville or Chattanooga.[1]

K-25, site of uranium enrichment for the "Little Boy" bomb dropped on Hiroshima

During the late 19th century, northern investors established two planned cities in Roane County— Cardiff and Harriman. Cardiff, located northeast of Rockwood, was planned as a company town to support several proposed mining industries in the area. Harriman was planned as a Temperance Town. Both ventures suffered critical setbacks as a result of the Panic of 1893. Harriman survived, but never grew in the manner its planners had envisioned, while Cardiff failed altogether.[7] During World War II, the federal government created the city of Oak Ridge as a planned community as part of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. As a result of the Project, both the K-25 gaseous diffusion plant and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory are located in the county.

Geography
Walden Ridge, with lower Roane County on the right

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 395 square miles (1,020 km2), of which 361 square miles (930 km2) is land and 34 square miles (88 km2) (8.7%) is water.[8] Three rivers— the Tennessee River, the Clinch River, and the Emory River— pass through Roane County. The Emory empties into the Clinch near Kingston, and the Clinch empties into the Tennessee just downstream from Kingston. The rivers in Roane are mostly part of Watts Bar Lake.

Roane County straddles the geographical boundary between the Tennessee Valley and the Cumberland Plateau, with the latter's Walden Ridge escarpment visible from much of the county.

Adjacent counties

State protected areas
  • Campbell Bend Barrens State Natural Area
  • Crowder Cemetery State Natural Area
  • Kingston Refuge
  • McGlothin-Largen Wildlife Management Area
  • Mount Roosevelt Wildlife Management Area (part)
  • Paint Rock Refuge
  • Watts Bar Wildlife Management Area

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18105,581—
18207,89541.5%
183011,34143.6%
184010,948−3.5%
185012,18511.3%
186013,58311.5%
187015,62215.0%
188015,237−2.5%
189017,41814.3%
190022,73830.5%
191022,8600.5%
192024,6247.7%
193024,477−0.6%
194027,79513.6%
195031,66513.9%
196039,13323.6%
197038,831−0.8%
198048,42524.7%
199047,227−2.5%
200051,9109.9%
201054,1814.4%
Est. 201853,140[9]−1.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]
1990-2000[13] 2010-2014[2]
Age pyramid Roane County[14]

As of the census[15] of 2010, there were 54,181 people, 22,376 households, and 15,450 families residing in the county. The population density was 150 people per square mile (59/km2). There were 25,716 housing units at an average density of 71 per square mile (28/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 94.4% White, 2.7% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.0003% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 1.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 22,376 households out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the county, the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18 and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.9 years. For every 100 females there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.85 males.

As of the census[16] of 2000, the median income for a household in the county was $33,226, and the median income for a family was $41,399. Males had a median income of $32,204 versus $22,439 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,456. About 10.30% of families and 13.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.80% of those under age 18 and 13.80% of those age 65 or over.

The Census Bureau has defined the Harriman-Kingston-Rockwood area as a contiguous urban cluster.[17]

Media

Several movies have been filmed in Roane County, including Boys of Summerville, That Evening Sun and October Sky. Roane County was the childhood home of actress Megan Fox, who lived in Kingston. She attended elementary school, took dance classes, and was on the swim team in Roane County. The 2010 film, Get Low, starring Bill Murray, Robert Duvall, and Sissy Spacek, was based on the true story of a Roane County man, Felix Breazeale. Breazeale was a local hermit who opted to throw himself a funeral while he was still alive. The funeral intrigued many, making it a gathering of thousands.

Newspapers

Roane County News

Communities
Kingston
Rockwood

Cities

Town

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

Former communities

Politics
Presidential election results
Presidential Elections Results[18]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016 73.3% 15,880 22.3% 4,837 4.4% 952
2012 69.8% 14,724 28.5% 6,018 1.7% 348
2008 67.3% 15,658 31.0% 7,224 1.7% 394
2004 62.0% 14,467 37.3% 8,706 0.7% 165
2000 53.2% 11,345 44.9% 9,575 1.9% 406
1996 44.2% 9,044 47.6% 9,744 8.3% 1,697
1992 41.5% 8,719 46.7% 9,812 11.8% 2,468
1988 62.2% 10,881 37.4% 6,535 0.5% 81
1984 63.8% 11,882 35.6% 6,623 0.6% 109
1980 61.0% 11,096 35.6% 6,473 3.4% 613
1976 43.2% 7,121 55.9% 9,216 0.9% 154
1972 70.1% 8,742 27.5% 3,433 2.4% 295
1968 45.7% 6,033 24.7% 3,258 29.6% 3,898
1964 48.4% 5,735 51.6% 6,108
1960 56.3% 6,540 42.6% 4,953 1.1% 133
1956 56.8% 6,147 41.9% 4,531 1.3% 140
1952 60.1% 5,583 39.9% 3,702
1948 56.0% 3,236 39.9% 2,306 4.1% 239
1944 57.7% 2,711 42.0% 1,971 0.4% 17
1940 48.3% 2,245 51.3% 2,384 0.5% 21
1936 52.7% 2,757 47.1% 2,467 0.2% 11
1932 54.9% 2,036 43.8% 1,625 1.3% 48
1928 79.1% 2,955 20.2% 755 0.6% 24
1924 63.5% 1,635 30.9% 795 5.7% 147
1920 70.2% 1,974 29.8% 838
1916 64.7% 1,341 32.2% 667 3.2% 66
1912 24.7% 482 29.3% 570 46.0% 896
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See also

References
  1. Jere Hall and Rachel Parker, "Roane County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 21 March 2013.
  2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. Oliver Perry Temple, East Tennessee and the Civil War (R. Clarke Company, 1899), p. 199.
  5. David Madden, "Unionist Resistance to Confederate Occupation: The Bridge Burners of East Tennessee," East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, Vols. 52-53 (1980-1981), pp. 22-40.
  6. Earl J. Hess, The Knoxville Campaign: Burnside and Longstreet in East Tennessee (University of Tennessee Press, 2012), p. 198.
  7. John Benhart, Appalachian Aspirations: The Geography of Urbanization and Development in the Upper Tennessee River Valley, 1865-1900 (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2007), pp. 5-10.
  8. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  9. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  10. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  11. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  12. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  13. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  14. Based on 2000 census data
  15. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  17. "URBAN CLUSTER REFERENCE MAP: Harriman--Kingston--Rockwood, TN" (PDF).
  18. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-12.

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