Anderson County, Tennessee

Anderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in the northern part of the state in East Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, its population was 75,129.[3] Its county seat is Clinton.[4]

Anderson County
U.S. county
Anderson County Courthouse in Clinton
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 36°07′N 84°12′W
Country United States
State Tennessee
FoundedNovember 6, 1801
Named forJoseph Anderson[1]
SeatClinton
Largest cityOak Ridge
Government
 • MayorTerry Frank
Area
 • Total345 sq mi (890 km2)
 • Land337 sq mi (870 km2)
 • Water7.6 sq mi (20 km2)  2.2%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2018)
76,482[2]
 • Density223/sq mi (86/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district3rd
Websitewww.andersontn.org

Anderson County is included in the Knoxville, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Before the formation of Anderson County, Tennessee, that territory was initially land of what is today called the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, which had been settled by several pioneer families including the Wallace, Gibbs, Freels, Frost and Tunnell families. Although the Treaty of Holston, signed in 1791, was intended as a negotiation with the Cherokee to prohibit settlement of the area including what is today Anderson County, the treaty became ineffective as more settlers moved through the Appalachian Mountains from Virginia and North Carolina into Tennessee. The flooding of white settlers into the Indian domain was cause for several skirmishes, which eased after the Treaty of Tellico in 1798 (with an origination point for relinquished land from the Cherokee being the Tellico Blockhouse) allowed for greater ease in settling the area.[5]

Anderson County was partitioned from a portion of Grainger County, Tennessee as well as a portion of Knox County, Tennessee, in 1801; neighboring Roane County, Tennessee, was also formed from a portion of Knox County, Tennessee, in 1801, making Anderson and Roane counties effectively called 'sister counties'.[6] Anderson County was named in honor of Joseph Anderson (1757-1847), who was at that time U.S. senator from Tennessee, and whose career also included judge of the Superior Court of the Territory South of the River Ohio and Comptroller of the U.S. Treasury.

Like many East Tennessee counties, the residents of Anderson County were largely opposed to secession on the eve of the Civil War. On June 8, 1861, Anderson Countians voted against Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession, 1,278 to 97.[7]

The construction of Norris Dam, the first dam built by the Tennessee Valley Authority, brought major changes to the county in the 1930s. Approximately 2900 families were relocated from reservoir lands in Anderson and nearby counties during the construction, which began in 1933 and was completed in 1936. The town of Norris was initially built as a planned community to house the workers involved in the construction of this dam. As a result of the dam completion and operation, the temperature of the downstream Clinch River bed changed, so that a former pearl industry which had been successful for many years evaporated as the mussels, once prevalent in the river, were not able to sustain life in the changed climate.

During World War II, the federal government's Manhattan Project brought more change to the county, including the displacement of more families and the founding of Oak Ridge.

The Museum of Appalachia in Norris commemorates pioneer and rural life of past decades in Anderson County and the surrounding region.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 345 square miles (890 km2), of which 337 square miles (870 km2) is land and 7.6 square miles (20 km2) (2.2%) is water.[8]

Adjacent counties

National protected area

State protected areas

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18103,959—
18204,66817.9%
18305,31013.8%
18405,6586.6%
18506,93822.6%
18607,0681.9%
18708,70423.1%
188010,82024.3%
189015,12839.8%
190017,63416.6%
191017,7170.5%
192018,2983.3%
193019,7227.8%
194026,50434.4%
195059,407124.1%
196060,0321.1%
197060,3000.4%
198067,34611.7%
199068,2501.3%
200071,3304.5%
201075,1295.3%
Est. 201876,482[9]1.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]
1990-2000[13] 2010-2014[3]
Age pyramid for Anderson County[14]

As of the census[15] of 2000, there were 71,330 people, 29,780 households, and 20,518 families residing in the county. The population density was 211 people per square mile (82/km²). There were 32,451 housing units at an average density of 96 per square mile (37/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.36% White, 3.88% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.38% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 1.10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

According to the 2000 Census the largest ancestry groups in Anderson County were English (37%), Irish (14.7%), German (13.5%), Scots-Irish (4.5%) and Scottish (3.1%).

There were 29,780 households out of which 29.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.80% were married couples living together, 11.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.10% were non-families. 27.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the county, the population was spread out with 23.20% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 27.30% from 25 to 44, 25.50% from 45 to 64, and 16.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,483, and the median income for a family was $42,584. Males had a median income of $33,710 versus $23,467 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,009. About 10.20% of families and 13.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.40% of those under age 18 and 8.80% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Anderson County has a thriving tourism industry, thanks to major attractions such as Norris Lake, the Museum of Appalachia, and American Museum of Science and Energy, and the county is considered a part of the Norris Highlands.

Communities
Clinton

Cities

Town

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

Politics

Anderson County is a Republican stronghold. The last Democrat to carry this county was Bill Clinton in 1996.

Presidential election results
Presidential Elections Results[16]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2016 64.3% 19,212 30.2% 9,013 5.5% 1,656
2012 64.0% 18,968 34.1% 10,122 1.9% 569
2008 62.3% 19,675 36.1% 11,396 1.6% 499
2004 58.4% 18,510 40.7% 12,896 0.9% 276
2000 51.0% 14,688 47.1% 13,556 1.9% 535
1996 43.4% 11,943 48.9% 13,457 7.7% 2,116
1992 41.4% 11,838 47.1% 13,482 11.5% 3,291
1988 60.7% 15,056 38.7% 9,589 0.6% 143
1984 61.3% 16,783 38.1% 10,415 0.6% 176
1980 55.3% 14,235 39.6% 10,194 5.1% 1,307
1976 43.3% 10,494 55.5% 13,455 1.2% 293
1972 66.0% 13,865 32.0% 6,713 2.0% 421
1968 47.0% 10,233 33.1% 7,198 19.9% 4,323
1964 42.2% 8,860 57.8% 12,146
1960 52.6% 11,153 46.6% 9,878 0.9% 190
1956 52.4% 11,071 44.4% 9,368 3.2% 682
1952 53.9% 10,489 45.9% 8,939 0.2% 38
1948 45.4% 5,372 50.0% 5,915 4.7% 550
1944 49.5% 3,424 50.2% 3,476 0.3% 20
1940 45.3% 1,852 54.2% 2,218 0.5% 21
1936 42.8% 1,805 55.7% 2,348 1.4% 60
1932 59.5% 1,605 40.1% 1,081 0.4% 11
1928 81.3% 2,304 18.7% 531
1924 69.3% 1,495 25.4% 548 5.3% 115
1920 80.3% 3,127 19.2% 748 0.5% 19
1916 75.7% 1,730 23.5% 537 0.8% 19
1912 23.0% 539 25.5% 597 51.4% 1,203
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See also

References
  1. Tara Mitchell Mielnik, "Anderson County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 31 March 2013.
  2. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  3. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
  4. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  5. Overholt, James (1989). Anderson County, Tennessee. The Donning Company. pp. 13–20. ISBN 0-89865-770-9.
  6. Wells, Emma Middleton (1927). History of Roane County, Tennessee, Volume 1. The Lookout Publishing Company. pp. 9–11. ISBN 0-8063-8003-9.
  7. Oliver Perry Temple, East Tennessee and the Civil War (R. Clarke Company, 1899), p. 199.
  8. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  9. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  10. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  11. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  12. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  13. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  14. Based on 2000 census data
  15. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  16. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-09.

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