Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas

Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas is widespread, with a majority of people in both North America and South America living in jurisdictions providing marriage rights to LGBT citizens.

Marriage
LGBT portal

In North America, same-sex marriages are recognized and performed in Canada, Costa Rica, the United States,[nb 1] 18 Mexican states and Mexico City. Elsewhere in Mexico, same-sex marriages are recognized by all states, and same-sex couples may get married in any jurisdiction by obtaining a court injunction ("amparo").

Same-sex marriages are also performed in the Dutch territories of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, the Danish autonomous territory of Greenland, the British territory of Bermuda, and in all French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin and Saint Pierre and Miquelon). Furthermore, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten recognize same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands, and Aruba also recognizes domestic partnerships.

In South America, same-sex marriage is currently legal in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Uruguay as well as the jurisdictions of French Guiana, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Civil unions are legal in Chile.

On 8 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) ruled that the American Convention on Human Rights mandates and requires the legalization of same-sex marriage. The landmark ruling was fully binding on Costa Rica and set binding precedent in the other signatory countries. The Court recommended that governments issue temporary decrees legalizing same-sex marriage until new legislation is brought in. The ruling applies to Barbados, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Suriname.

Maps

Current situation

National level
Status Country Legal since Country population
(Last count, 2015 est.)
Marriage
(8 countries)		 Argentina 2010[2] 43,590,400
Brazil 2013[3] 205,574,000
Canada 2005[4] 35,819,000
Colombia 2016[5] 48,509,200
Costa Rica 2020[6] 4,851,000
Ecuador 2019[7] 16,278,844
United States 2015[8][9] 321,234,000
Uruguay 2013[10] 3,480,222
Subtotal — — 679,336,666
(69.5% of the American population)
Marriage recognized nationwide;

legal in some jurisdictions; allowed by injunction in others
(1 country)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage

 Mexico † 2010[11] 121,006,000
Subtotal — — 121,006,000
(12.35% of the American population)
Other type of partnership
(1 countries)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage		 Chile † 2015[12] 18,191,900
Subtotal — — 18,191,900
(1.75% of the American population)
Total — — 818,535,566
(83.65% of the American population)
No recognition
(20 countries)
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage		 Homosexuality is legal
Bahamas — 379,000
Belize — 369,000
Cuba[13] — 11,252,000
El Salvador † — 6,460,000
Guatemala † — 16,176,000
Haiti † — 10,994,000
Nicaragua † — 6,514,000
Panama † — 3,764,000
Peru † — 31,488,700
Suriname † — 534,189
Trinidad and Tobago — 1,357,000
Venezuela — 31,648,930
Homosexuality is illegal but legislation is not enforced
Antigua and Barbuda — 89,000
Barbados † — 283,000
Saint Kitts and Nevis — 46,000
Homosexuality is illegal
Dominica — 71,000
Grenada — 104,000
Guyana — 746,900
Saint Lucia — 172,000
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — 110,000
Subtotal — — 122,558,719
(12.34% of the American population)
Constitutional ban on marriage
(5 countries)
** Homosexuality is illegal
† Country subject to IACHR ruling on same-sex marriage		 Bolivia † 2009[14] 10,985,059
Dominican Republic † 2010[15] 9,980,000
Honduras † 2005[16][17] 8,950,000
Jamaica** 1962[18] 2,729,000
Paraguay † 1992[19] 6,854,536
Subtotal — — 39,498,595
(3.98% of the American population)
Total — — 162,057,314
(16.35% of the American population)

Sub-national level

[note 1]

Status Country Jurisdiction Legal since
Marriage
(79 jurisdictions)
Denmark 2016
France 2013
Mexico Varies
Netherlands 2012
United Kingdom Varies
United States 2015
  • Ak-Chin Indian Community (2017)[43]
  • Bay Mills Indian Community (2019)[44]
  • Blackfeet Nation (2014)[45]
  • Blue Lake Rancheria (2013)[46]
  • Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (2015)[47]
  • Cherokee Nation (2016)[48]
  • Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes (2013)[49]
  • Colorado River Indian Tribes (2019)[50]
  • Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians (2014)[51]
  • Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (2015)[52]
  • Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (2013)[53]
  • Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (2015)[54]
  • Coquille Indian Tribe (2009)[55]
  • Eastern Shoshone Tribe (2014)[56]
  • Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (2014)[57]
  • Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes (2014)[58]
  • Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation (2014)[59]
  • Grand Portage Band of Chippewa (2013)[60]
  • Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (2017)[61]
  • Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel (2013)[62]
  • Keweenaw Bay Indian Community (2014)[63]
  • Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (2014)[64]
  • Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe (2013)[65]
  • Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (2013)[66]
  • Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation (2010)[67]
  • Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin (2016)[68]
  • Northern Arapaho Tribe (2014)[56]
  • Oglala Sioux Tribe (2019)[69][70]
  • Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin (2015)[71]
  • Osage Nation (2017)[72]
  • Pascua Yaqui Tribe (2014)[59]
  • Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (2013)[73]
  • Ponca Tribe of Nebraska (2018)[74]
  • Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe (2012)[75]
  • Prairie Island Indian Community (2017)[76]
  • Puyallup Tribe of Indians (2014)[77]
  • Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (2014)[59]
  • San Carlos Apache Tribe (2014)[59]
  • Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians (2015)[78]
  • Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians (2016)[79]
  • Suquamish Tribe (2011)[80]
  • Tulalip Tribes of Washington (2016)[81]
  • Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (2020)[82]
  • White Mountain Apache Tribe (2015)[83]
  • Yavapai-Apache Nation (2014)[59]
 Varies
Other type of partnership
(3 jurisdictions)
Mexico Varies
Netherlands 2016
Netherlands
Marriage recognized,
but not performed
(3 jurisdictions)		 2007
No recognition
(2 jurisdictions)		 United Kingdom —
Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage
(3 jurisdictions)
United Kingdom Varies

2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling

On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that states party to the American Convention on Human Rights must grant same-sex couples accession to all existing domestic legal systems of family registration, including marriage, along with all rights that derive from marriage. The opinion was issued after the Government of Costa Rica sought clarification of its obligations to LGBT people under the convention.[91] The opinion sets precedent for all 23 member states, 19 of which did not recognize same-sex marriage at the time of the ruling: Barbados, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Grenada, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Suriname. Of these, all but Dominica, Grenada and Jamaica recognize the jurisdiction of the Court.[92] However, states must each individually apply the ruling before it takes effect.

Future legislation

Marriage

Government proposals or proposals with a parliamentary majority

Chile: In April 2015, the Chilean Government signed a friendly agreement with the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, wherein it pledged to legalize same-sex marriage. On 28 August 2017, President Bachelet sent a same-sex marriage bill to Congress, including full adoption rights.[93] Following the January 2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling, which requires signatories to the American Convention on Human Rights to legalize same-sex marriage, LGBT advocacy group MOVILH urged President Piñera to implement and abide by the decision.[94] In early March 2018, a spokesperson for the Piñera Administration announced that passing the same-sex marriage bill will not be a priority, but that the President will not veto or oppose it.[95][96] On 15 January 2020, a same-sex marriage bill was approved at its first reading in the Senate by 22 votes to 16, and will now go to the Constitutional Committee.

Cuba: The National Assembly and Mariela Castro have stated that same-sex marriage will be legalized through a change to the Family Code, to be debated in 2021.[97] President Miguel Díaz-Canel announced his support for same-sex marriage in September 2018.[98]

Mexico: A decision of the Mexico Supreme Court on 12 June 2015 ruled that state bans on same-sex marriage were unconstitutional. The court's ruling is a "jurisprudential thesis" and does not invalidate any state laws, meaning same-sex couples denied the right to wed would still have to seek individual injunctions (Spanish: amparo). The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriage, and made the approval mandatory.[99][100] Following the 2018 general elections, a pro-same-sex marriage party, the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), won the majority of legislative seats in 12 states where same-sex marriage has not yet been legalized and formed a coalition with an absolute majority in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate with the Labor Party.[101][102] In September 2018, PRD Senator Juan Zapeda Hernández introduced a draft proposal to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide in Mexico.[103] Debates on same-sex marriage are ongoing in many of the states that have not yet legalized it.

Venezuela: In November 2017, President Nicolás Maduro expressed his personal support for same-sex marriage, and said that the Constituent Assembly would agree to discuss legalizing same-sex marriage.[104][105] In September 2018, Hermann Escarrá, a member of the Constituent Assembly, said that there are discussions in the drafting of the new Constitution of Venezuela to allow same-sex marriage in the country,[106] and that there is majority support in the Assembly.[107] Discussion on the new Constitution was expected to begin at the end of 2018 or early 2019, though was postponed due to the presidential crisis.[108][109]

Opposition proposals or proposals without a parliamentary majority

Curaçao: On 4 June 2019, a same-sex marriage bill was submitted to the Estates of Curaçao.[110]

Non-marital partnership

Government proposals or proposals with a parliamentary majority

Cayman Islands: After the government's Domestic Partnership Bill was defeated in the legislature, Governor Martyn Roper announced his intention to pass a version of the bill using his reserve powers under the constitution. On 10 Aug 2020, he published his new version of the bill, along with consequential amendments to eleven other laws, which he said he would pass into law after a 21-day consultation period.[111] The original bill was in response to the High Court's November 2019 ruling that, while the government is not obligated to allow same-sex marriage, it must allow some kind of civil status equivalent to marriage. In January 2020, the couple who had petitioned the case announced that they had filed an appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, seeking full marriage rights.

Ban on same-sex marriage

Government proposals or proposals with a parliamentary majority

Haiti: In August 2017, the Haitian Senate approved a bill that would ban same-sex marriage and criminalize anyone who entered or facilitated a same-sex marriage.[112] It must be passed by the Chamber of Deputies and signed by the President before it becomes law, but as of 2019, the measure has progressed no further through the legislative process.[113]

Panama: On 16 January 2018, the Panamanian Government welcomed the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling for same-sex marriage and Vice President Isabel Saint Malo announced that the state would fully abide by it. Official notices, requiring compliance with the ruling, were sent out to various governmental departments that same day.[114][115] After a change of government, the National Assembly of Panama approved a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage, though the changes were put on hold after a series of popular protests erupted over several controversial proposed constitutional reforms.[116][117][118]

Public opinion
  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex marriage nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex marriage is legal in certain parts of the country
  Indicates that the country has civil unions or registered partnerships
  Indicates that same-sex sexual activity is illegal
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by country
Country Pollster Year For Against Neutral[lower-alpha 1] Margin
of error		 Source
Antigua and Barbuda AmericasBarometer 2017 12% - - [119]
Argentina AmericasBarometer 2017 65% - - [119]
Bahamas AmericasBarometer 2014 11% - - [120]
Belize AmericasBarometer 2014 8% - - [120]
Bolivia AmericasBarometer 2017 35% - - [119]
Brazil AmericasBarometer 2017 52% - - [119]
Canada CROP 2017 74% 26% - [121]
Chile Plaza Pública-Cadem 2019 66% - - [122]
Colombia Gallup 2020 49% 47% - [123]
Costa Rica CIEP 2018 35% 64% 1% [124]
Cuba Gallup 2019 63.1% 36.9% [125]
Dominica AmericasBarometer 2017 10% - - [119]
Dominican Republic CDN 37 2018 45% 55% - [126]
Ecuador AmericasBarometer 2019 22.9% 51.3% 25.8% [127]
El Salvador CID Gallup 2018 14% 78% 8% [128]
Grenada AmericasBarometer 2017 12% - - [119]
Guatemala AmericasBarometer 2017 23% - - [119]
Guyana AmericasBarometer 2017 21% - - [120]
Haiti AmericasBarometer 2017 5% - - [119]
Honduras CID Gallup 2018 17% 75% 8% [129]
Jamaica AmericasBarometer 2017 16% - - [119]
Mexico AmericasBarometer 2017 51% - - [119]
Nicaragua AmericasBarometer 2017 25% - - [119]
Panama AmericasBarometer 2017 22% - - [119]
Paraguay AmericasBarometer 2017 26% - - [119]
Peru Ipsos 2019 29% 67% 4% [130]
Saint Kitts and Nevis AmericasBarometer 2017 9% - - [119]
Saint Lucia AmericasBarometer 2017 11% - - [119]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines AmericasBarometer 2017 4% - - [119]
Suriname AmericasBarometer 2014 18% - - [120]
Trinidad and Tobago AmericasBarometer 2014 16% - - [120]
United States Gallup 2020 67% 31% 1% [131]
Uruguay AmericasBarometer 2017 75% - - [119]
Venezuela AmericasBarometer 2017 39% - - [119]
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by dependent territory and sub-national entities
Country Pollster Year For Against Neutral[lower-alpha 1] Margin
of error		 Source
Aguascalientes INEGI 2017 - 35.9% - [132]
Baja California INEGI 2017 - 30.7% - [132]
Baja California Sur INEGI 2017 - 42.1% - [132]
Bermuda Global Research 2015 48% 45% 7% [133]
Campeche INEGI 2017 - 56.1% - [132]
Chiapas INEGI 2017 - 58.7% - [132]
Chihuahua INEGI 2017 - 36.4% - [132]
Coahuila INEGI 2017 - 46.8% - [132]
Colima INEGI 2017 - 39.2% - [132]
Durango INEGI 2017 - 38.8% - [132]
Guanajuato INEGI 2017 - 38.7% - [132]
Guerrero INEGI 2017 - 54% - [132]
Hidalgo INEGI 2017 - 41.7% - [132]
Jalisco INEGI 2017 - 34.2% - [132]
Mexico City INEGI 2017 - 28.6% - [132]
Michoacán INEGI 2017 - 46% - [132]
Morelos INEGI 2017 - 38.5% - [132]
Nayarit INEGI 2017 - 38.8% - [132]
Nuevo León INEGI 2017 - 44.4% - [132]
Oaxaca INEGI 2017 - 52.2% - [132]
Puebla INEGI 2017 - 37.1% - [132]
Puerto Rico Pew Research Center 2014 33% 55% 12% [134]
Querétaro INEGI 2017 - 32.4% - [132]
Quintana Roo INEGI 2017 - 37.9% - [132]
San Luis Potosí INEGI 2017 - 38.6% - [132]
Sinaloa INEGI 2017 - 37.7% - [132]
Sonora INEGI 2017 - 31.4% - [132]
State of Mexico INEGI 2017 - 33.8% - [132]
Tabasco INEGI 2017 - 56.5% - [132]
Tamaulipas INEGI 2017 - 44.4% - [132]
Tlaxcala INEGI 2017 - 43.9% - [132]
Veracruz INEGI 2017 - 54.3% - [132]
Yucatán INEGI 2017 - 43% - [132]
Zacatecas INEGI 2017 - 37.4% - [132]

Other polls
  • Brazil: A July 2012 nationwide poll revealed that 50% of Brazilians were in favor of the Supreme Court decision that expanded civil unions to same-sex couples. Those in favor were mostly women, younger people and Catholics.[135] Another poll released in March 2013 showed that 47% of the population was in favor of same-sex marriage, while 57% of Brazilians were in favor of same-sex couples adopting children.[136]
  • Chile: A January 2017 nationwide poll found that 45% of Chileans supported same-sex adoption.[137]
gollark: Most of the high-power stuff like that is task-specific and only really usable for multiplying big matrices by vectors, and such.
gollark: It would be nontrivial to make something render SVGs on so much computing power without ridiculous overhead/waste.
gollark: Well, according to estimates, my brain would require about an exaflop/s of computing power to run.
gollark: > It is similar in concept to SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) but much simpler. Compared to SVG Tiny, which isn't actually tiny, it does not have features for text, multimedia, interactivity, linking, scripting, animation, XSLT, DOM, combination with raster graphics such as JPEG formatted textures, etc.
gollark: https://github.com/google/iconvg is a similar thing.

See also

Notes
  1. Excluding certain Native American tribes. (Same-sex marriage is legal at least in 42 of them)
  1. Note: While listed here under “subnational level,” US Tribes are considered Nations both in a legal sense and when it comes to preferred language. The United States Government recognizes US Tribal Nations as “Domestic Dependent Nations” under the law in a government-to government relationship. Tribal nations exercise sovereignty, though Congress has ultimate authority under the Plenary Power Doctrine which is why tribal nations are placed here under an imperfect multi-purpose umbrella term[20][21][22]
  1. Also comprises: Don't know; No answer; Other; Refused.

References
  1. "Reingreso de Venezuela a la jurisdicción de Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos". Exmanen ONU Venezuela (in Spanish). 3 June 2019.
  2. (in Spanish) Ley 26.618
  3. (in Portuguese) DIÁRIO DA JUSTIÇA CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA Edição nº 89/2013
  4. "Canada passes bill to legalize gay marriage". The New York Times. June 29, 2005. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  5. "Histórico: Colombia tiene matrimonio homosexual". El Tiempo. 7 April 2016.
  6. WRAL (2020-05-26). "Costa Rica latest country to legalize same-sex marriage". WRAL.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  7. "Decisión de matrimonio igualitario deberá publicarse en Gaceta Constitucional". El Universo (in Spanish). 2019-06-12. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  8. Wolf, Richard (June 26, 2015). "Supreme Court strikes down bans on same-sex marriage". USA Today. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  9. Liptak, Adam (26 June 2015). "Gay Marriage Backers Win Supreme Court Victory". nytimes.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  10. (in Spanish) Ley Nº 19.075 MATRIMONIO IGUALITARIO
  11. "Supreme court rules gay weddings valid in all Mexico". BBC News. 10 August 2010.
  12. (in Spanish) Ley número 20.830. - Crea el Acuerdo de Unión Civil
  13. "Cuba Scraps Words Establishing Same-Sex Marriage From Drafted Constitution". NPR.org. Retrieved 2019-06-13.
  14. "Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) (7-Febrero-2009)" (in Spanish). Infoleyes. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  15. (in Spanish) Constitución Política de la República Dominicana, proclamada el 26 de enero 2010, Publicada en la Gaceta Oficial No. 10561, del 26 de enero de 2010.
  16. (in Spanish) CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LA REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS DE 1982
  17. "Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption". Global Gayz. March 30, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  18. Constitution of Jamaica
  19. "Paraguay – Constitution". Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  20. https://www.justice.gov/otj/about-native-americans
  21. https://www.bia.gov/frequently-asked-questions
  22. http://www.ncai.org/attachments/policypaper_vmqazpeqbvzdmeadvbupwtszlmzyzbkoknqrxnuyovmoyfkewgh_tribal%20nations%20and%20the%20united%20states_an%20introduction.pdf
  23. "Lov om ændring af myndighedsloven for Grønland, lov om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger, retsplejelov for Grønland og kriminallov for Grønland" (in Danish). Government of Denmark. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  24. Vignal, Francois (April 15, 2013). "Mariage pour tous : le détail du vote au Sénat" (in French). Public Senat. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  25. "Matrimonio Igualitario una REALIDAD en Baja California. - AlfaMedios". AlfaMedios (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-11-05.
  26. El Congreso aprueba la Ley de Matrimonios Igualitarios
  27. "Suprema Corte avala el matrimonio igualitario en Chiapas". Excelsior (in Spanish). 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
  28. "Ante polémica, descarta Congreso legislar matrimonios" (in Spanish). El Diario de Chihuahua. 22 June 2015.
  29. "Mexican state of Coahuila legalizes same-sex marriage". LGBTQ Nation.
  30. "Gay Marriage Law Takes Effect In Mexican State Of Coahuila". ontopmag.com. 2014-09-17. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
  31. (in Spanish) Jalisco: Ordenan a registros no negar trámites a gays
  32. "First same-sex couples married in Puerto Vallarta". Puerto Vallarta Daily News. 20 April 2016.
  33. Castillo, E. Eduardo (December 21, 2009). "Mexico City Approves Gay Marriage". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
  34. (in Spanish) Diputados aprueban matrimonios igualitarios en Michoacán
  35. "Periodico Oficial, Organo Del Gobierno Del Estado De Nayarit" (PDF). 22 December 2015.
  36. (in Spanish) Corte invalida artículos que impedían el matrimonio igualitario en Nuevo León
  37. "SCJN aprueba matrimonio igualitario en Puebla" [SCJN approves equal marriage in Puebla] (in Spanish). Puebla City, Mexico: Publimetro. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  38. Vázquez, Jesús (18 July 2012). "Bodas gay generan interés en el sector turismo de Quintana Roo". El Economista (in Spanish). El Economista S.A. de C.V. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  39. "Burgerlijk wetboek BES, boek 1" (in Dutch). overheid.nl. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  40. Farge, Emma. "Bermuda top court reverses government's gay marriage ban". U.S. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
  41. 12 facts about South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - where you could be the first LGBTI couple to wed. Gay Star News, 26 January 2018
  42. Falkland Islands Same-Sex Marriage Update
  43. Beard Rau, Alia (October 25, 2017). "Court orders Ak-Chin tribe to recognize marriages of same-sex couples". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  44. "Bay Mills News, July 2019" (PDF). www.baymillsnews.com. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  45. Federal Judge Rules Against Montana’s Ban On Same-Sex Marriage
  46. "Blue Lake Rancheria Ordinance 13-08" (PDF). Bluelakerancheria-nsn.gov. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  47. "Tribal court to conduct same-sex marriages". Juneau Empire. February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  48. Cherokee Nation attorney general OKs same-sex marriage
  49. "Same-sex Oklahoma couple marries legally under tribal law". KOCO. September 26, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  50. "Domestic Relations Code: Article 2: Marriage and Divorce" (PDF). CRIT. August 8, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  51. "Title Another tribe recognizes same-sex marriages". dailykos.com. Retrieved 2016-07-27.
  52. Siletz Tribe becomes latest to join marriage equality movement, Indianz.Com, June 4, 2015
  53. "Colvilles recognize same sex marriage".
  54. "Tribal Council approves new marriage ordinance". Confederated Tribes of Grande Ronde. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  55. Robinson, B.A. (May 5, 2012). "Adoption of SSM by the Coquille Nation of Oregon". Same-sex marriage (SSM) among Native Americans. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance.
  56. "Wind River tribal judge presides over first same-sex marriage". Indianz.Com. November 17, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
  57. "Nahgahchiwanong Dibahjimowinn, August 2014 (page 5)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-27.
  58. Legal hurdles cleared, Nevada sees first same-sex marriage
  59. Federal Judge Strikes Down Arizona’s Same-Sex Marriage Ban
  60. Minnesota set to legalize same-sex marriage
  61. Same-sex marriage provisions approved by Ho-Chunk Legislature
  62. "Santa Ysabel Tribe First in California to Support Same-Sex Marriage". Indian Country Today Media Network. June 28, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  63. "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community backs marriage equality law". Indianz.com. June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  64. Supreme Court Rejects Gay Marriage Appeals From 5 States
  65. "8th US Native American tribe allows same-sex couples to wed". Gay Star News.
  66. "Council of Michigan Indian tribe OKs gay marriage". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. March 5, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  67. Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Laws Annotated 2010-2011 Pocket Part
  68. "Ord. No. 16-28" (PDF). eCode360. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  69. Ernestine Chasing Hawk (3 February 2016). "Traditional elders question same-sex marriage". Native Sun News.
  70. "Oglala Sioux Tribe legalizes same-sex marriage, considering updated hate crime law". Argus Leader.
  71. Ted Miller (28 May 2015). "Oneida Tribe approves same-sex marriage". WBAY.
  72. Native American Osage Nation Votes in Favor of Same-Sex Marriage
  73. POKAGON BAND OF POTAWATOMI INDIANS MARRIAGE CODE
  74. "Title 4 Domestic Relations (page 9)" (PDF). Poncatribe-ne.org. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  75. Forget Las Vegas. There’s Heronswood.
  76. "PRAIRIE ISLAND MDEWAKANTON DAKOTA COMMUNITY JUDICIAL CODE TITLE 3: DOMESTIC RELATIONS" (PDF). prairieisland.org. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
  77. Nagle, Matt (July 16, 2014). "Puyallup Tribe Recognizes Same-Sex Marriages". Tacoma Weekly. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  78. "Win Awenen Nisitotung, Vol.36, No.8 (page 5)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-25.
  79. "CHAPTER 61 STOCKBRIDGE-MUNSEE TRIBAL LAW MARRIAGE" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-07-25.
  80. Gardner, Steven (August 1, 2011). "Suquamish Tribe approves same-sex marriage". Kitsap Sun. Archived from the original on August 2, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  81. "Tulalip Tribal Codes". Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  82. "Turtle Mountain tribe passes marriage equality vote". 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  83. Enactment of Ordinance No. 261, Amending the Domestic Relations Code of the White Mountain Apache Tribe
  84. (in Spanish) Periódico Oficial No. 2 Primera Sección, Enero 11 del 2017
  85. (in Spanish)
  86. (in Dutch) AMENDEMENT van de leden Bikker, Wever-Croes, Herde, Lopez-Tromp
  87. "Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  88. "The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  89. "Constitution of Montserrat Part I: Fundamental Rights & Freedoms". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  90. "The Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2011" (PDF). Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  91. "Landmark ruling recognizes marriage, trans rights in the Americas". Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights. 2018-01-09. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
  92. The Inter-American System of Human Rights: A Research Guide
  93. News, ABC. "Chile's Bachelet presents gay marriage bill". ABC News. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
  94. MOVILH: NUEVA RESOLUCIÓN DE LA CIDH OBLIGA A PIÑERA A APROBAR IDENTIDAD DE GÉNERO
  95. (in Spanish) Movilh achieves commitment to command Sebastián Piñera to respect an equal marriage project
  96. New Chilean government says they won’t “prioritise” legalising same-sex marriage, GayTimes, 3 March 2018
  97. Lotto Persio, Sofia (19 December 2018). "Cuba gay marriage option dropped from new constitution". PinkNews.
  98. New Cuban president says he supports same-sex marriage
  99. "Mexico supreme court says state laws limiting marriage to man and woman unconstitutional". Minneapolis Star Tribune. 12 June 2015.
  100. "SCJN abre la puerta a matrimonio gay en todo el país" (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: La Journada. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  101. Buscará Morena legislar matrimonio igualitario en Sinaloa
  102. Mexico: President-Elect Lopez Obrador and His Morena Party Secure Congressional Control
  103. "PRD propone garantizar matrimonio homosexual en todo el país". televisa.news (in Spanish). 31 October 2018.
  104. (in Spanish) Maduro: "Creo que todo el mundo se puede casar, aunque sea homosexual" shangay.com, 20 November 2017
  105. (in Spanish) ¿Está Maduro a favor de legalizar el matrimonio homosexual y despenalizar el aborto en Venezuela? La Sexta, 20 November 2017
  106. Comunas, milicia y matrimonio gay; posibles en nueva Constitución
  107. Nueva Constitución podría legalizar el matrimonio gay en Venezuela
  108. MATRIMONIO GAY PODRÍA LEGALIZARSE EN VENEZUELA
  109. En el 2019 se podría legalizar el matrimonio gay en Venezuela
  110. Vordev. "Gay marriage bill submitted". www.curacaochronicle.com. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  111. Ragoonath, Reshma (2020-08-10). "Governor moves ahead with amended Domestic Partnership Bill". Cayman Compass. Retrieved 2020-08-14.
  112. "Haitian Senate approves bill to ban same-sex marriage".
  113. "In Haiti, Slight Progress for LGBT Rights Seen as Victory". VOA News. 14 August 2018.
  114. "Panamá acoge a la opinión de Corte IDH sobre matrimonio gay". La Estrella de Panamá. 16 January 2018.
  115. "El Gobierno panameño acoge opinión de la CorteIDH sobre matrimonio homosexual". W Radio. 16 January 2018.
  116. "Parlamento panameño niega el derecho a casarse a parejas del mismo sexo". La Red 21. 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  117. "Panamá cierra las puertas al matrimonio igualitario con reforma constitucional". Teletica. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  118. "Panamá busca impedir con una reforma constitucional el matrimonio igualitario". Mundo. 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  119. "Cultura polítical de la democracia en la República Dominicana y en las Américas, 2016/17" (PDF). Vanderbilt University (in Spanish). 13 November 2017. p. 163.
  120. Barómetro de las Américas: Actualidad – 2 de junio de 2015
  121. "I find it great that in our society, two people of the same sex can get married" (PDF). CROP Panorama.
  122. "Encuesta Plaza Pública - Cuarta semana de agosto - Estudio N° 293" (PDF). Plaza Pública-Cadem. pp. 21, 22, 24. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  123. 2020-02 Gallup Poll
  124. https://www.ciep.ucr.ac.cr/images/INFORMESUOP/EncuestaEnero/Informe-encuesta-ENERO-2018.pdf
  125. "Encuesta: Un 63,1% de los cubanos quiere matrimonio igualitario en la Isla". Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  126. (in Spanish) CDN survey on homosexual marriage in DR receives more than 300 thousand votes
  127. America's Barometer Topical Brief #034, Disapproval of Same-Sex Marriage in Ecuador: A Clash of Generations?, 23 July 2019. Counting ratings 1–3 as 'disapprove', 8–10 as 'approve', and 4–7 as neither.
  128. https://www.cidgallup.com/es/virtual-library?q=Mayo+2018&country=SV&category=
  129. (in Spanish) Más del 70% de los hondureños rechaza el matrimonio homosexual
  130. "LGTB: el 49% de peruanos dice que tiene opinión favorable hacia los homosexuales".
  131. Mccarthy, Justin (June 1, 2020). "U.S. Support for Same-Sex Marriage Matches Record High". Gallup.
  132. "¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay?". El Sol de México (in Spanish). 15 April 2019.
  133. Poll: support for same-sex marriage
  134. "Social Attitudes on Moral Issues in Latin America - Pew Research Center". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. November 13, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  135. (in Portuguese) Evolução: 50% da população brasileira aprova o casamento gay, diz pesquisa
  136. Quase 60% dos brasileiros são a favor de adoção de crianças por gays
  137. "Encuesta Plaza Pública primera semana de julio Estudio Nº 234" (PDF). Plaza Pública Cadem. July 9, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.