Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputados) is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, the bicameral parliament of Mexico. The other chamber is the Senate. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of the current constitution.

For other uses, see Chamber of Deputies.

Chamber of Deputies Cámara de Diputados
LXIV Legislature
Type
Type	Lower house of the Congress of Mexico
History
Founded	October 4, 1824 (1824-10-04)
Leadership
President	Laura Rojas Hernández (PAN) since 5 September 2019
Structure
Seats	500
Political groups	Government (332)      MORENA (275)      PT (34)      PVEM (13) Opposition (168)      PAN (78)      PRI (47)      MC (28)      PRD (11)      Independent (4)
Elections
Voting system	Parallel voting 300 Seats elected by first-past-the-post 200 seats elected by largest remainder method[1]
Last election	July 1, 2018 (2018-07-01)
Meeting place
Chamber of Deputies San Lázaro Legislative Palace Mexico City Mexico
Website
Official Website of the Chamber of Deputies
Footnotes
"Diputadas y Diputados por Entidad Federativa" http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXIV_leg/info_diputados.php

History

Bicameral legislature, including the Chamber of Deputies, was established on 4 October 1824. Unicameral Congress was in place from 7 September 1857 to 13 November 1874.[2]

After being drafted, one copy of the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire was given to the Provisional Governmental Board, which was later put on display in the Chamber of Deputies until 1909, when fire destroyed the location.[3]

Composition

The Chamber of Deputies is composed of one federal representative (in Spanish: diputado federal) for every 200,000 citizens. The Chamber has 500 members, elected using the parallel voting system. Elections are every 3 years.

Of these, 300 "majority deputies" are directly elected by plurality from single-member districts, the federal electoral districts (with each state divided into at least two districts). The remaining 200 "party deputies" are assigned through rules of proportional representation. These seats are not tied to districts; rather, they are allocated to parties based on each party's share of the national vote. The 200 party deputies are intended to counterbalance the sectional interests of the district-based representatives. Substitutes are elected at the same time as each deputy, so special elections are rare.

From 1917 to 2015, deputies were barred from serving consecutive terms in accordance with the Constitution's ban on immediate re-election to the legislature. Thus, the Chamber of Deputies was one of the few legislative bodies in the world that was completely renewed at an election. However, this changed with the 2018 elections, and deputies are now permitted to run for re-election once consecutively. A deputy who has served two terms may serve again after sitting out one term. Congressional elections held halfway into the president's six-year mandate are known as mid-term elections.

Last election

2018

Party		District			Proportional			Total seats	+/−
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	National Regeneration Movement	709,840	1.27	8	20,972,573	37.25	84	189	+154
	National Action Party	697,595	1.25	5	10,096,588	17.93	41	83	−25
	Institutional Revolutionary Party	4,351,824	7.78	1	9,310,523	16.54	38	45	−158
	Party of the Democratic Revolution	124,808	0.22	0	2,967,969	5.27	12	21	−35
	Ecologist Green Party	1,429,802	2.55	0	2,695,405	4.79	11	16	−31
	Citizens' Movement	268,876	0.48	0	2,485,198	4.41	10	27	+1
	Labor Party	67,429	0.12	0	2,211,753	3.93	4	61	+55
	New Alliance Party	705,432	1.26	0	1,391,376	2.47	0	2	−8
	Social Encounter Party	54,906	0.10	0	1,353,941	2.40	0	56	+48
	MORENA–PT–PES^[a]	23,513,132	42.01	210	–	–	–	–	–
	PAN–PRD–MC^[b]	14,381,872	25.70	63	–	–	–	–	–
	PRI–PVEM–PNA^[c]	6,862,372	12.26	13	–	–	–	–	–
	Independents	539,347	0.96	0	539,347	0.96	0	0	−1
	Write-ins	32,625	0.06	–	32,959	0.06	–	–	–
Invalid/blank votes		2,227,573	3.98	–	2,242,615	3.98	–	–	–
Total		55,967,433	100	300	56,300,247	100	200	500	0
Registered voters/turnout		89,994,039	62.20	–	89,994,039	63.21	–	–	–
Source: INE

^a Of the 210 seats won by the MORENA-PT–PES alliance, 97 were taken by MORENA, 57 by the PT, and 56 by the PES

^b Of the 63 seats won by the PAN–PRD–MC alliance, 37 were taken by the PAN, 17 by the MC, and 9 by the PRD

^c Of the 13 seats won by the PRI–PVEM–PNA alliance, 6 were taken by the PRI, 5 by the PVEM, and 2 by the PNA

Popular Vote MORENA   37.25% PAN   17.93% PRI   16.54% PRD   5.27% PVEM   4.79% MC   4.41% PT   3.93% PNA   2.47% PES   2.40% Independents   0.96% Write-ins   0.06% Invalid/blank   3.98%

Seats MORENA   37.8% PAN   16.6% PT   12.2% PES   11.2% PRI   9.0% MC   5.4% PRD   4.2% PVEM   3.2% PNA   0.4% Independents   0.0%

Chamber of Deputies party composition

Electoral alliances in the Chamber of Deputies. Juntos Haremos Historia 306 seats, Por México al Frente 131 seats, Todos por México 63 seats

See also

• President of the Chamber of Deputies Directive Board
• Congress of Mexico
• Senate of Mexico
• Politics of Mexico

References

1. "Mexico: Democratization Through Electoral Reform —". aceproject.org. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
2. http://biblioteca.diputados.gob.mx/janium/bv/revcam/camara17_sep12.pdf
3. "Celebra SEGOB los 187 años de la firma del acta de Independencia". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved March 24, 2014.

External links

• Official website (in Spanish)