Same-sex marriage in Uruguay

Same-sex marriage in Uruguay has been legal since August 5, 2013.[1] A bill for legalization was passed by the Chamber of Representatives on December 12, 2012 in a vote of 81–6.[2] The Senate approved it with some minor amendments on April 2, 2013, in a 23–8 vote.[3] The amended bill was approved by the Chamber of Representatives in a 71–21 vote on April 10 and was signed by the President on May 3, 2013.[4][5]

Marriage
LGBT portal

On January 20, 2008, Uruguay became the first Latin American country to enact a national civil union law.

Civil union

On January 20, 2008, Uruguay became the first Latin American country to enact a national civil union law, titled Ley de Unión Concubinaria.[6]

The law, proposed by Senator Margarita Percovich of the Broad Front, was passed in the Chamber of Representatives on November 29, 2007 after having been passed in a similar form in the Senate in 2006.[7][8][9] The bill was passed by both chambers in the same form on December 19,[10][11] and signed into law by President Tabaré Vázquez on December 27.[12][13] It was published in the official journal on January 10, 2008 and came into effect on January 20, 2008.[14] The first union was performed on April 17, 2008.[15][16]

Following the approval of the bill, both same-sex and opposite-sex couples are allowed to enter into a civil union (Spanish: unión concubinaria) after they have lived together for at least five years, and are entitled to most of the benefits that married couples are afforded, including social security entitlements, inheritance rights and joint ownership of goods and property.[17]

A government-backed bill allowing same-sex couples to adopt children was discussed in the national Parliament in the spring of 2008, receiving the support of President Vázquez and fierce opposition from the Catholic Church. The bill was approved by the Chamber of Representatives on August 27, 2009 by a 40–13 vote,[18][19] and by the Senate on September 9, with a 17–6 vote. It was signed by the President on September 18, 2009. Uruguay became the first country in South America where same-sex couples could jointly adopt.[20][21][22][23]

Same-sex marriage
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Country subject to IACHR ruling (Venezuela: only Guaidó administration accepts jurisdiction of IACHR)[24]
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced

On May 25, 2009, Senator Margarita Percovich announced that if Broad Front won the national elections in October 2009 it would introduce a same-sex marriage bill.[25] In October, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in both chambers and José Mujica, the Broad Front presidential candidate, won the presidential election on November 29, 2009. In July 2010, legislators of the ruling party announced plans to submit a bill that would allow same-sex marriage.[26][27][28] Michelle Suárez Bértora, the first transgender attorney in Uruguay, assisted in drafting the same-sex marriage legislation as part of her work with the LGBT rights organization Ovejas Negras ("Black Sheep").[29] On July 25, 2010, former President Julio María Sanguinetti of the Colorado Party declared his support for the legalization of same-sex marriage. Former President Luis Alberto Lacalle of the National Party stated his opposition.[30][31]

In April 2011, Sebastián Sabini, a legislator of the Movement of Popular Participation, one of the parties consisting the Broad Front, presented the bill allowing same-sex couples to marry.[32][33] The bill was formally submitted to the Chamber of Representatives on September 6, 2011.[34]

In June 2012, a judicial court in Uruguay recognized a foreign same-sex marriage.[35][36][37] The ruling also stated that local laws already permit same-sex marriage, even if they don't say so, and that Uruguayans who marry overseas can go to a judge and have their marriage recognized under Uruguayan law.[38] However, the ruling was appealed.[39]

In June 2012, the Minister of Education and Culture said that the project to legalize same-sex marriage in the country was going to be debated in Parliament before the end of 2012.[40] On July 4, 2012, the Chamber of Representatives' Constitutional and Legislative Affairs Committee started the debate on the issue.[41] The committee initially approved the bill on November 28, 2012.[42][43][44] On December 5, the committee amended the bill and gave its final approval.[45][46]

On December 12, the Chamber of Representatives approved the bill by 81 out of the 87 MPs present and sent it to the Senate.[47][48] On March 19, 2013, the Senate's Constitutional and Legislative Affairs Committee passed the bill with some minor amendments.[49][50][51] The Senate approved the amended bill on April 2, 2013, in a 23-8 vote.[52][53][54] On April 10, 2013, the Chamber of Representatives approved the amended bill in a 71-21 vote.[55][56] On May 3, it was signed by President José Mujica,[5][57][58] and took effect on August 5, 2013.[59][60]

April 2, 2013 vote in the Senate[61]
PartyVoted forVoted against
     Broad Front (FA) -
     National Party (PN)
     Colorado Party
Total238

First same-sex marriage

The first same-sex marriage took place on 5 August 2013. The wedding was officiated in extremis at a hospital in Montevideo.[62]

Statistics

In the first year following the law's entry into force, 134 same-sex couples had married in Montevideo and the surrounding metropolitan area.[63] Approximately 200 same-sex couples had married in the whole country.[64]

In 2016, estimates from the National Institute of Statistics showed that about 60.3% of relationships in Uruguay involved married opposite-sex couples, 38.4% unmarried opposite-sex couples, 0.6% opposite-sex couples in civil unions, 0.2% married same-sex couples, 0.5% unmarried same-sex couples and 0.1% same-sex couples in civil unions. These numbers remained relatively unchanged in 2017.[65]

Public opinion

A Factum poll, conducted in November 2011, found that 52% of the population supported same-sex marriage, 32% were opposed, 10% were neutral and 6% had no opinion.[66]

According to a Cifra poll, conducted between 29 November and 6 December 2012, 53% of Uruguayans supported same-sex marriage, 32% were opposed and 15% had no opinion. The survey also showed that support for same-sex marriage was most marked among Broad Front voters (62%), than Colorado Party and National Party voters (both 42%).[67]

Another Cifra poll, conducted between 22 February and 4 March 2013, found that 54% supported same-sex marriage, 32% were opposed, 9% were undecided and 4% had no opinion.[68][69]

According to a Pew Research Center survey, conducted between 22 November 2013 and 8 January 2014, 62% of Uruguayans supported same-sex marriage, 31% were opposed.[70][71]

According to the 2014 AmericasBarometer (published in June 2015), 71% of Uruguayans were in favour of same-sex marriage.[72] This was the second highest among the 28 American countries polled, behind only Canada.[73] 53% strongly supported same-sex marriage, while 17% strongly opposed it; with the remaining being somewhat in support or in opposition or had no opinion. Additionally, support was higher among young people: 79% and 80% of 18-25-year-olds and 26-35-year-olds supported same-sex marriage, respectively. Among people over the age of 66, support was 51%.

The 2017 AmericasBarometer showed that 75% of Uruguayans supported same-sex marriage.[74]

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See also

References
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