Ravensburg

Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg.

Ravensburg
Ravensburg, seen from the west
Coat of arms
Location of Ravensburg within Ravensburg district
BavariaBodenseekreisBiberach (district)Sigmaringen (district)AchbergAichstettenAitrachAltshausenAmtzellArgenbühlAulendorfBad WaldseeBad WurzachBaienfurtBaindtBergBergatreuteBodneggBomsBomsEbenweilerEbersbach-MusbachEichstegenEichstegenFleischwangenFronreuteGrünkrautGuggenhausenGuggenhausenGuggenhausenGuggenhausenHorgenzellHoßkirchIsny im AllgäuKißleggKönigseggwaldKönigseggwaldLeutkirch im AllgäuRavensburgRiedhausenSchlierUnterwaldhausenWaldburgWangen im AllgäuWeingartenWilhelmsdorfWolfeggWolpertswendeLake Constance
Ravensburg
Ravensburg
Coordinates: 47°46′59″N 9°36′41″E
CountryGermany
StateBaden-Württemberg
DistrictRavensburg
Municipal assoc.Mittleres Schussental
Government
 • Lord MayorDaniel Rapp (CDU)
Area
 • Total92.04 km2 (35.54 sq mi)
Elevation
450 m (1,480 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[1]
 • Total50,623
 • Density550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zoneCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
88212–88214
Dialling codes0751
Vehicle registrationRV
Websitewww.ravensburg.de

Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" (Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft) owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.

The historic town centre is still very much intact, including three town gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. "The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt’s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle."[2]

The town's most popular festival is the annual "Rutenfest", which takes place mid year.

History

Ravensburg was first mentioned in writing in 1088. It was founded by the Welfs, a Frankish dynasty in Swabia who became later Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony and who made the castle of Ravensburg their ancestral seat.

By a contract of inheritance, in 1191 the Hohenstaufen Frederick Barbarossa acquired the ownership of Ravensburg from Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and uncle of both Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion.

Mixed Imperial City of Ravensburg

Paritätische Reichsstadt Ravensburg
1276–1803
StatusFree Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
CapitalRavensburg
GovernmentRepublic
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• City founded
before 1088
• Gained Reichsfreiheit
1276
• Mediatised to Bavaria
1803
• Acquired by Württemberg
1810
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Duchy of Spoleto
Electorate of Bavaria

With the death of Conradin 1268 in Naples the Hohenstaufen line became extinct. Their former estates became imperial property of the Holy Roman Empire. Like many other cities in Swabia, at the end of the 13th century Ravensburg became an Imperial Free City in 1276.

Ravensburg landscape showing local landmarks: 23. Weinberge with Torkeln; 24. St. Christina; 25. Veitsburg; 26. Ravensburg with Mehlsack. Most of the hillsides are shown covered with vineyards. From Kloster Weißenau (stylized print by Johann Mathias Steidlin, 1734).

The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" (Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft) was founded at Ravensburg and Konstanz around 1380 by the merchant families of Humpis (from Ravensburg), Mötteli (from Buchhorn, modern-day Friedrichshafen) and Muntprat (from Constance). At first, the society mostly dealt in the production of linen and fustian. With the opening of one of the first paper mills north of the Alps in 1402 in Ravensburg, paper became another commodity. The Ravensburg stores also sold oriental spices, Mediterranean wines and Bohemian ores. After the liquidation of the Great Ravensburg Trading Society in 1530, Ravensburg stagnated economically. The Thirty Years' War caused a grave decline of the population. Swedish troops destroyed the old castle, now named "Veitsburg" after the St. Veit chapel at the castle grounds.

Following the Reformation a "paritetic" government emerged, meaning an equal distribution of public offices between the Catholic and Protestant confession. The city council was one half each Protestant and Catholic. For some time there was even a Catholic and a Protestant mayor at the same time, and the both confessions celebrated the village fair, the "Rutenfest", apart from each other. This system was approved at the end of the Thirty Years' War in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) which named four "Paritetic Imperial Cities" (German: Paritätische Reichsstädte): Augsburg, Biberach, Dinkelsbühl and Ravensburg.

In 1803 the Immerwährende Reichstag passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, a bill which included the secularisation and mediatisation of many German states — the first meaning the confiscation of the estates belonging to the church, the second the incorporation of the imperial estates and Imperial Free Cities into larger regional states. As a result, Ravensburg first became a Bavarian exclave within Württemberg. After a swap of estates between Bavaria and Württemberg it was incorporated in the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.

Since Ravensburg was impoverished and depopulated after the Thirty Years' War, only a few new buildings were raised during the 18th and the early 19th century. The benefit of this economic stagnation was the conservation of a widely intact medieval city with nearly all towers and gates of the historic fortification.

20th century

During World War II Ravensburg was strategically of no relevance. Ravensburg did not harbor any noteworthy arms industry (unlike nearby Friedrichshafen with its large aircraft industry), but was home to a major aid supplies center belonging to the Swiss Red Cross. The historic city center was not damaged by air raids.

By 1945, the city came into the French occupation zone and thus came in 1947 to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 merged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.

In the 1970s, Ravensburg increased in population and territory by the incorporation of smaller communities like Eschach, Schmalegg and Taldorf. Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education was established in the town in 1978.

In the 1980s, the Old Town was renovated and all transit traffic was banned from the city center.

Ravensburg, Blaserturm (trumpeter's tower), Waaghaus (weighing house) and Rathaus (town hall)

Economy and infrastructure

Ravensburg is a thriving shopping town in the wealthy region of Upper Swabia. Unemployment is relatively low. The nearest large cities are Munich, Stuttgart and Zurich, approximately a two-hour drive away each. Ulm, Konstanz and Bregenz are each less than a one-hour drive away.

Ravensburg is part of an urban agglomeration that also comprises Weingarten (Württemberg) and several suburbs. Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Friedrichshafen (on the shores of Lake Constance) share the functionality of a Oberzentrum (that is, the highest-ranked centre in the system of spatial planning and development in Baden-Württemberg).

Transport

Ravensburg is located at a crossing of the federal roads (national highways) B30, B31 and B32. A by-pass highway around Ravensburg and Weingarten was completed recently. The regional airport is situated at Friedrichshafen, about 15 km south of Ravensburg. The nearest national motor-ways are the A7 and A8 (approach at Ulm) and the A96 (approach at Lindau or Wangen im Allgäu).

In 1847, the railway station of Ravensbug was put in operation, part of the so-called "Swabian Railroad" from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen, the oldest railroad of Württemberg and well known in all of Germany by the folk-style song Auf de Schwäb’sche Eisenbahne.

Local businesses

Mechanical engineering has traditionally been the main type of industry in the region. Based on the demand of the paper and textile industries (now widely reduced) and a long tradition of flour, paper and other mills many engineering factories arose at the end of the 19th century. Today the primary engineering firms in Ravensburg are the left-overs of the former Escher-Wyss AG (a subsidiary of the Swiss Sulzer AG) which are now subsidiaries of the Austrian "Andritz Hydro".

Ravensburger AG, whose headquarters are located in the town, is a company internationally known for board games, jigsaw puzzles and children's books.

The pastry factory de:Tekrum (Theodor Krumm GmbH & Co. KG) is another company with an internationally known brand name. Since January 2005 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary to Griesson–de Beukelaer.

Other large industrial companies include:

  • Vetter Pharma, a manufacturer of pre-filled injection systems
  • Omira, one of the largest dairies in southern Germany
  • the tool factory Hawera Probst (a subsidiary of Robert Bosch), the worldwide market leader in hammer drill bits
  • the component supplier EBZ Engineering Bausch & Ziege (formerly Nothelfer, a subsidiary of ThyssenKrupp Automotive)
  • the packaging manufacturer "Coveris Rigid" (formerly Autobar Packaging)
  • two suppliers of solar power systems, Pro Solar Solarstrom and pro solar Energietechnik

Media

The local newspaper is the Schwäbische Zeitung.

The radio companies Radio 7 and Südwestrundfunk run broadcasting studios at Ravensburg. In Horgenzell near Ravensburg, the Ravensburg-Horgenzell transmitter transmitted Deutschlandfunk on the medium wave frequency 756 kHz.

International relations
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Ravensburg is twinned with:

City Region Country
Brest Brest Voblast  Belarus
Coswig  Saxony  Germany
Montélimar Drôme  France
Rivoli  Piedmont  Italy
Varaždin Varaždin County  Croatia
Aberdare Rhondda Cynon Taff  Wales
Mollet del Vallès Catalonia  Spain

Notable people
Franz Joachim Beich (1744)

Sport

The town's association football club FV Ravensburg, formed in 1893, has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg on three occasions from 1978 to 1983, from 1998 to 2000 and again since 2003.

From 2006 to 2010, Ravensburg hosted the Air Canada Cup or MLP Nations Cup, an international women's ice hockey tournament.

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gollark: Or possibly to receive and decode them, I forgot.
gollark: And because the government is bad it is in fact illegal to receive those.
gollark: Less with receive only, of course. But I found out that unencrypted very strong pager messages are transmitted here not massively far off regular FM radio.
gollark: There are probably some annoying legal things related to this.

References
  1. "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2018". Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg (in German). July 2019.
  2. Lonely Planet.
  3. Über Ort und Zeitpunkt der Geburt Heinrichs des Löwen haben wir nur wenige genaue Nachrichten. Er selbst hat gesagt, daß er in Schwaben geboren sei (‚se de Suevia oriundum’), ob aber auf der Ravensburg bleibt ungewiss.(About the place and the date of his birth, we have only little information. He said that he was born in Swabia, whether it was on the Ravensburg, is uncertain), In: Joachim Ehlers: Heinrich der Löwe. Biographie. Siedler, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-88680-787-1. (Rezension) (Standardwerk), S. 47
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