Schaffhausen

Schaffhausen (German: [ʃafˈhaʊzn̩] (listen); Alemannic German: Schafuuse; French: Schaffhouse; Italian: Sciaffusa; Romansh: Schaffusa; English: Shaffhouse) is a town with historic roots, a municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of the same name; it has an estimated population of 36,000 as of December 2016. It is located right next to the shore of the High Rhine; it is one of four Swiss towns located on the northern side of the Rhine, along with Neuhausen a. Rhf., the historic Neunkirch, and Stein a. Rh..

Schaffhausen
Schaffhausen in 2012
Coat of arms
Location of Schaffhausen
Schaffhausen
Schaffhausen
Coordinates: 47°42′N 8°38′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonSchaffhausen
District(None in canton of Schaffhausen)
Government
 • ExecutiveStadtrat
with 5 members
 • MayorStadtpräsident (list)
Peter Neukomm SPS/PSS
(as of January 2017)
 • ParliamentGrosser Stadtrat
with 36 members
Area
 • Total41.78 km2 (16.13 sq mi)
Elevation
(Bahnhofstrasse)
403 m (1,322 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total36,587
 • Density880/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
Postal code
8200, 8203, 8207, 8208, 8231 Hemmental
SFOS number2939
LocalitiesSchaffhausen, Breite, Gruben, Buchthalen, St. Niklausen, Herblingen, Hauental, Hemmental
Surrounded byBeringen, Büsingen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Büttenhardt, Dörflingen, Feuerthalen (ZH), Flurlingen (ZH), Merishausen, Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Stetten, Thayngen
Twin townsSindelfingen (Germany), Singen am Hohentwiel (Germany), Dobrich (Bulgaria)
Websitewww.stadt-schaffhausen.ch
Profile (in German), SFSO statistics
Imperial City of Schaffhausen

Reichsstadt Schaffhausen
1190 or 1218–1330
1415–1501
StatusFree Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
CapitalSchaffhausen
GovernmentRepublic
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Gained Reichsfreiheit
betw 1190 and 1218
• Pledged to Habsburgs
1330
• Bought independence
1415
 
1454
• Joined Switzerland
1501
 
1648
Preceded by		Succeeded by
All Saints' Abbey (Switzerland)
Canton of Schaffhausen
Imperial Abbey of All Saints in Schaffhausen

Reichskloster Allerheiligen, Schaffhausen
1080–1529
StatusImperial Abbey of the Holy Roman Empire
CapitalSchaffhausen
GovernmentPrincipality
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Consecrated (Leo IX)
22 November 1049
• Papal grant of
    Nellenburg lands
  1080
• Gained Hiltensweiler
    lands
 
1122–1389
• City became
    Swiss Associate
 
1454
• City joined Switz.
1501
• Converted to
    monastery and
    cathedral church
 
 
1524
• Disestablished in
    Reformation
  1529
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Landgraviate of Nellenburg
Canton of Schaffhausen

The old portion of the town has many fine Renaissance era buildings decorated with exterior frescos and sculpture, as well as the old canton fortress, the Munot. Schaffhausen is also a railway junction of Swiss and German rail networks. One of the lines connects the town with the nearby Rhine Falls in Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Europe's largest waterfall, a tourist attraction.

The official language of Schaffhausen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Etymology

The town is first mentioned in 1045 as Villa Scafhusun. There are at least two theories on the origin of this name:

  • One relates to a mention of a "ford" across the Rhine that first occurs in 1050. This "ford" may actually refer to a scapha or skiff which was used to disembark goods coming from Constance to move them around the Rhine Falls. The name Scafhusun then arose from the scapha used at that point.[3]
  • Another theory is that Scafhusun comes from Schaf (a sheep), as a ram (now a sheep) formed the ancient arms (traceable to 1049) of the town, derived from those of its founders, the counts of Nellenburg.[4]

History
Aerial view by Walter Mittelholzer (1919)

Schaffhausen was a city state in the Middle Ages, documented to have struck its own coins from 1045.[5] About 1050 the counts of Nellenburg founded the Benedictine monastery of All Saints, which became the centre of the town. Perhaps as early as 1190, certainly in 1208, it was an imperial free city, while the first seal dates from 1253. The powers of the abbot were gradually limited and in 1277 the Emperor Rudolf I gave the town a charter of liberties. In 1330 the emperor Louis of Bavaria pledged it to the Habsburgs. In the early 15th century, Habsburg power over the city waned. By 1411 the guilds ruled the city. Then, in 1415 the Habsburg Duke Frederick IV of Austria sided with the Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, and was banned by the Emperor Sigismund. As a result of the ban and Frederick's need of money, Schaffhausen was able to buy its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454 and allied with a further two (Uri and Unterwalden) in 1479. Schaffhausen became a full member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1501.

The Reformation was adopted, initially, in 1524 and completely in 1529. The town was heavily damaged during the Thirty Years' War by the passage of Swedish (Protestant) and Bavarian (Roman Catholic) troops and the very important bridge was burnt down. It was not until the early 19th century that the arrested industrial development of the town made a fresh start.[5] In 1857 the first railroad, the Rheinfallbahn running from Winterthur, reached Schaffhausen.[6]

Schaffhausen is located in a finger of Swiss territory surrounded on three sides by Germany. On 1 April 1944 Schaffhausen suffered a bombing raid by United States Army Air Forces aircraft which strayed from German airspace into neutral Switzerland due to navigation errors. Air raid sirens had often sounded in the past, without an actual attack, so many residents ignored the sirens that day. A total of 40 civilians were killed in the raid. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt sent a personal letter of apology to the mayor of Schaffhausen and the United States quickly offered four million US dollars in reparations.[7]

Geography and climate

Topography

The town of Schaffhausen stands on the right bank of the river Rhine. It has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 41.85 km2 (16.16 sq mi).[8] Of this area, about 20.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 53.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 24.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 1.6% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 95 ha (230 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 117 ha (290 acres).[9]

In 1947 it merged with the former municipality of Buchthalen. Its area expanded again in 1964 when Herblingen was absorbed and for a third time in 2009 when Hemmental joined the municipality.[10]

Schaffhausen shares an international border with the German village of Büsingen am Hochrhein, an exclave entirely surrounded by Switzerland.

Climate

Schaffhausen has an average of 122.5 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 907 mm (35.7 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is July during which time Schaffhausen receives an average of 95 mm (3.7 in) of rain. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.3 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 59 mm (2.3 in) of precipitation over 8.4 days.[11]

Climate data for Schaffhausen (Reference period 1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.6
(36.7)		 4.7
(40.5)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.4
(57.9)		 19.2
(66.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.0
(75.2)		 19.4
(66.9)		 13.8
(56.8)		 7.0
(44.6)		 3.5
(38.3)		 13.8
(56.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0)		 1.1
(34.0)		 5.3
(41.5)		 9.2
(48.6)		 13.7
(56.7)		 16.8
(62.2)		 18.9
(66.0)		 18.3
(64.9)		 14.3
(57.7)		 9.7
(49.5)		 4.2
(39.6)		 1.2
(34.2)		 9.4
(48.9)
Average low °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 1.3
(34.3)		 4.4
(39.9)		 8.8
(47.8)		 11.9
(53.4)		 13.8
(56.8)		 13.5
(56.3)		 10.1
(50.2)		 6.4
(43.5)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 5.6
(42.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 66
(2.6)		 59
(2.3)		 65
(2.6)		 64
(2.5)		 88
(3.5)		 92
(3.6)		 95
(3.7)		 86
(3.4)		 72
(2.8)		 77
(3.0)		 64
(2.5)		 79
(3.1)		 907
(35.7)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 17.6
(6.9)		 17.1
(6.7)		 5.6
(2.2)		 0.8
(0.3)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 5.1
(2.0)		 11.0
(4.3)		 57.2
(22.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.0 8.4 10.9 9.9 11.3 11.3 11.3 10.5 8.9 9.8 9.7 10.5 122.5
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 5.1 5.3 2.2 3.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.2 19
Average relative humidity (%) 84 80 73 68 70 70 70 72 78 83 85 85 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 39 71 114 147 175 191 214 195 142 85 43 31 1,448
Percent possible sunshine 17 29 36 42 42 46 50 51 44 30 18 14 38
Source: MeteoSchweiz[11]

Politics

Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or on a Base Vert issuant from sinister a Semi Castle Argent with tower with entrance from which is issuing a Semi Ram Sable.[12] The canting coat of arms refers to the second interpretation of the name, sheep-house.

Government

The City Council (de: Stadtrat) constitutes the executive government of the town of Schaffhausen and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Stadtrat/Stadträtin), each presiding over a department (Referat), which each consists of several administrative districts. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident(in)). In the mandate period January 2017 – December 2020 (Amtsdauer) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Peter Neukomm. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Grand City Council (parliament) are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Schaffhausen allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The mayor as well as the delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz.[13]

As of 2017, Schaffhausen's City Council is made up of one representative of the SP (Social Democratic Party, who is also the mayor), one representative of the AL (Alternative List), one of the FDP (The Liberals), one of the SVP (Swiss People's Party), and one of the GLP (Green Liberal Party), giving the right parties a majority of three out of five seats. The last regular election was held on 28 August 2016.[14]

Stadtrat of Schaffhausen[13]
City Councillor
(Stadtrat/ Stadträtin)		PartyTitleHead of department (Referat, since) ofelected since
Peter Neukomm[CC 1]     PSStadtpräsidentMayor's Office (Präsidialreferat, 2017)2012
Simon Stocker[CC 2]     ALVizepräsident, Sozial- und SicherheitsreferentSocial Services and Security (Sozial- und Sicherheitsreferat, )<=08
Dr. Raphaël Rohner     FDPBildungsreferentEducation (Bildungsreferat, )2012
Daniel Preisig     SVPFinanzreferentFinances (Finanzreferat, 2017)2016
Dr. Katrin Bernath     GLPBaureferentinConstruction and Civil Engineering (Baureferat, 2017)2016
  1. Mayor (de: Stadtpräsident)
  2. Vice-Mayor (de: Vizepräsident)

Christian Schneider is Town Chronicler (Stadtschreiber) since xxxx.

Parliament

The Grosse Stadtrat of Schaffhausen for the mandate period of 2017-2020

  AL (11.1%)
  JUSOplus (2.8%)
  SP (22.2%)
  ÖBS-Grüne (5.6%)
  glp (8.3%)
  EVP (2.8%)
  CVP (2.8%)
  JFSH (13.9%)
  FDP (2.8%)
  SVP (25%)
  EDU (2.8%)

The Grand City Council (Grosser Stadtrat) holds legislative power. It is made up of 36 members, with elections held every four years. The Grand City Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Proporz.

The sessions of the Grand City Council are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the Grand City Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Schaffhausen allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Grand City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the Kantonsratsaal (Cantonal Council Hall) am Kornmarkt.[15]

The last regular election of the Grand City Council was held on 27 November 2016 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur) from January 2017 to December 2020. Currently the Grand City Council consist of 9 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) and one of its junior section, the JUSOplus, 5 The Liberals (FDP/PLR) and one of its junior section, the JFSH, 4 Alternative List (AL), 3 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), 2 ÖBS-Grüne (an alliance of the Ökoliberale Bewegung Schaffhausen (ÖBS) and the Green Party (GPS/PES)), and one each of Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PES), and Federal Democratic Union (EDU/UDF).[16]

National elections
National Council

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 39.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (34.0%), the FDP (12.7%) and the others (6.7%). In the federal election, a total of 13,754 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 60.7%. The 2015 election saw a change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage that the SP received dropped from 41.6% to 34.0% while the SVP increased from 31.9% in 2011 to 39.0% in 2015.[17]

Demographics
Rhine Falls as seen from Neuhausen am Rheinfall
Views of old town, Schaffhausen

Population

Schaffhausen has a population (as of December 2018) of 36,587.[18] As of 2014, 27.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[19] Of the foreign population, (as of 2008), 21% are from Germany, 13.3% are from Italy, 8.8% are from Croatia, 13.3% are from Serbia, 6% are from Macedonia, 9% are from Turkey, and 28.6% are from other countries.[20] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (84.3%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (3.4%) and Italian being third (3.2%).[21]

Over the last 4 years (2010-2014) the population has changed at a rate of 2.82%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2014, was 9.6, while the death rate was 10.1 per thousand residents.[9]

As of 2014, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 17.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 61.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.5%.[9] In 2015 there were 15,288 single residents, 15,287 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 2,119 widows or widowers, 3,253 divorced residents and 1 people who did not answer the question.[22]

In 2014 there were 16,723 private households in Schaffhausen with an average household size of 2.10 persons. Of the 5,863 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 51.5% were single family homes and 29.7% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 22.1% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 7.6% were built between 1991 and 2000.[23] In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 1.29. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2015, was 0.71%.[9]

Historic population

The historical population is given in the following chart:[24]

Religion

As of 2000, 27.4% of the population belonged to the Roman Catholic Church and 43.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church,[20] later organized in the parish St. Johann – Münster.[25]

Education

In Schaffhausen about 69.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule (university of applied sciences)).[21] In Schaffhausen, as of 2007, 1.73% of the population attend kindergarten or another pre-school, 5.65% attend a Primary School, 2.98% attend a lower level Secondary School, and 2.49% attend a higher level Secondary School.[20]

Economy

As of  2013, there were a total of 25,749 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 103 people worked in 24 businesses in the primary economic sector. A majority (61.2%) of the primary sector employees worked in very small businesses (less than ten employees). The remainder worked in 2 small businesses with a total of 40 employees. The secondary sector employed 6,403 workers in 371 separate businesses. In 2014 a total of 2,433 employees worked in 358 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 13 mid sized businesses with 1,631 employees and 3 large businesses which employed 2,333 people (for an average size of 777.7). Finally, the tertiary sector provided 19,243 jobs in 2,626 businesses. In 2014 the tertiary sector numbers had increased by 606 and 20 respectively. In 2014 a total of 12,890 employees worked in 2,597 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 45 mid sized businesses with 4,938 employees and 4 large businesses which employed 2,021 people (for an average size of 505.3).[26]

In 2014 a total of 1.3% of the population received social assistance.[9]

In 2015 local hotels had a total of 102,537 overnight stays, of which 52.6% were international visitors.[27] In 2015 there were two movie theaters in the municipality, with a total of 10 screens and a total of 1,816 available seats.[28] As of 2008, there are 102 restaurants, and 11 hotels with 445 beds. The catering industry in Schaffhausen employs 924 people.[20]

As of 2008 the mid year average unemployment rate was 2.5%. There were 1,879 non-agrarian businesses in the municipality and 29.9% of the (non-agrarian) population was involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 70.1% were involved in the third. At the same time, 67.1% of the working population was employed full-time, and 32.9% was employed part-time. There were 21,841 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 46.6% of the workforce. As of 2000 there were 10,019 residents who worked in the municipality, while 5,724 residents worked outside Schaffhausen and 8,026 people commuted into the municipality for work.[20]

Schaffhausen has an unemployment rate, as of 2007, of 2.67%. As of 2005, there were 196 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 33 businesses involved in this sector. 6,488 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 293 businesses in this sector. 14,019 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 1,486 businesses in this sector.[21]

Transportation

The town of Schaffhausen is served by two railway stations. Schaffhausen railway station is jointly owned by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and Deutsche Bahn (DB), and is served by trains of both nation's networks. The station is served by long distance passenger trains running between Frankfurt and Zurich and between Basel and Ulm. Trains of Zurich S-Bahn services S16, S22 and S33 serve the station, although only the S16 provides a direct service to Zurich. Services S3 and S8 of the St. Gallen S-Bahn operate over the Lake line to St. Gallen and Rorschach respectively. Herblingen railway station is called at by local trains linking Schaffhausen station and Singen.

Schaffhausen also has a bus network of six lines, including the Schaffhausen trolleybus system, linking it with nearby places such as Herblingen and Neuhausen am Rheinfall. One of the routes to the Rheinfall features, is the first route ever to feature a level 5 autonomous bus.[29]

Culture
Heritage sites of national significance

There are 35 buildings or sites in Schaffhausen that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. This includes the entire old town of Schaffhausen, the city walls, the Giesserei +GF+ Werk I factory, the town and cantonal archives, the Schweizersbild Paleolithic cave and the Herblingen and Grüthalde Neolithic settlements. Additionally, there are four former guild houses and seven listed houses. There are only two listed religious buildings, the former Benedictine All Saints Abbey and the Church of St. John.[30]

Economy

Schaffhausen hosts some well-known industrial companies like Georg Fischer (piping systems, machine tools and automotives), an internationally reputed manufacturer of watches (IWC), pharmaceutical industry (Cilag, founded by Bernhard Joos) and BB Biotech (biotechnologies). Tyco International, Garmin, and cyber protection company Acronis are also incorporated in Schaffhausen.

Sport

The town has two football teams, SV Schaffhausen, of the fourth-tier Swiss 1. Liga, and FC Schaffhausen, of the second-tier Swiss Challenge League. There is a football stadium in Breite, Schaffhausen which seats 4200 persons, known as the Breitestadion. It is also the training headquarters for local children's football teams.

There is a handball team in Schaffhausen which plays in the first Swiss division : Kadetten Schaffhausen. They are centered at the BBC Arena on Schweizersbildstrasse. It seats 3600 persons, and was built in 2011.

The Shotokan Karate Klub Schaffhausen is one of the oldest karate clubs of Switzerland.[31]

Notable people
Johann Jakob Wepfer, engraving
Lorentz Spengler, 1751
Emil Ermatinger, 1921
Christoph Blocher, 2007
Irene Schweizer, 2014
Juerg Froehlich, 2005
Roberto Di Matteo, 2015
Florence Schelling, 2011
Pre-17th Century
17th Century
18th Century
19th Century
20th Century
  • Richard Meili (1900-1991) a scientist in practical psychology, diagnostics, personality development and intelligence
  • Conrad Beck (1901–1989) a composer and head of Music of Radio Basel 1933-1963
  • Carl Alfred Meier (1905–1995) a Swiss psychiatrist, Jungian psychologist, scholar, and first president of the C. G. Jung Institute in Zürich
  • Cardinal Gilberto Agustoni (1922–2017) a Swiss prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
  • Ernst Hess (1912–1968) a Swiss conductor, composer and musicologist
  • Rita Wolfensberger (1928-2020), classical pianist
  • Bruno Meyer (born 1938) a Swiss religious leader of a fundamentalist Christian, evangelical congregation; convicted in 2010 for rape and child sexual abuse
  • Markus Werner (1944–2016) a Swiss writer, author of the novels Zündels Abgang
  • Christoph Blocher (born 1940) a Swiss politician, industrialist and former member of the Swiss Federal Council
  • Pia Gyger (1940-2014) a Swiss specialist for special education and psychologist a co-initiator of the Jerusalem-Project
  • Irène Schweizer (born 1941) a Swiss jazz and free improvising pianist [38]
  • Jürg Fröhlich (born 1946) a Swiss mathematician and theoretical physicist
  • Giorgio Behr (born 1948) a Swiss businessman, lawyer, accountant and university professor
  • Beat Furrer (born 1954) a Swiss-born Austrian composer and conductor
  • Philipp Landmark (born 1966) a journalist and former editor-in-chief of the St. Galler Tagblatt
  • Tom Strala (born 1974) Swiss designer, architect and artist.
Sport
gollark: If you want to trilaterate *absolutely every* message you do.
gollark: what is "is"?
gollark: So what sort of powers does being a cloud ninja provide?
gollark: Hello ninja of the clouds.
gollark: Ænd yet ðiamonds sell for more.

See also

References
  1. "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160; retrieved: 2 June 2020.
  3. Compare:  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schaffhausen (town)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. "[...] in 1050 we hear of the “ford” there across the Rhine. Hence it is probable that the name is really derived from scapha, a skid, as here goods coming from Constance were disembarked in consequence of the falls of the Rhine a little below."
  4. Compare:  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schaffhausen (town)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. "Some writers, however, prefer the derivation from Schaf (a sheep), as a ram (now a sheep) formed the ancient arms of the town, derived from those of its founders, the counts of Nellenburg."
  5. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schaffhausen (town)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 312.
  6. Canton Schaffhausen website-Numbers and facts accessed 18 April 2009. (in German)
  7. "70th anniversary of mistaken US attack". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  8. Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  9. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Regional portraits accessed 27 October 2016
  10. Schaffhausen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  11. "Climate normals Schaffhausen, Reference period 1981−2010" (PDF). Zurich Airport, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-21.
  12. Flags of the World.com accessed 22-December-2009
  13. "Stadtrat" (official site) (in German). Schaffhausen, Switzerland: Stadt Schaffhausen. 2017. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  14. "Volksabstimmung vom 28. August 2016: Stadtpräsidium/ Stadtrat" (official site) (in German). Schaffhausen, Switzerland: Stadt Schaffhausen. 28 August 2016. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  15. "Zusammensetzung: Grosser Stadtrat" (official site) (in German). Schaffhausen, Switzerland: Stadt Schaffhausen. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  16. "Parteien und Sitzverteilung nach Parteien im Grossen Stadtrat" (official site) (in German). Schaffhausen, Switzerland: Stadt Schaffhausen. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  17. "Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden" (in German, French, and Italian). Archived from the original on 2016-08-02. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  18. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB, online database – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (in German) accessed 23 September 2019
  19. Federal Statistical Office - Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (Land) accessed 31 October 2016
  20. Statistical Office of the Canton of Schaffhausen (in German) accessed 2 December 2009
  21. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 2016-01-05 at the Wayback Machine accessed 22 December 2009
  22. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geschlecht, Zivilstand und Geburtsort (in German) accessed 8 September 2016
  23. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Thema 09 - Bau- und Wohnungswesen (in German) accessed 5 May 2016
  24. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850-2000 (in German) accessed 27 April 2016
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