Pro-Europeanism

Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism,[1][2] is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU).[3] It includes European federalists, who seek to create a federal European Union known informally as a United States of Europe.[3] A related term is ’Europhile’.[3]

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As such, it is the opposite of Euroscepticism, which refers to political attitudes sceptical of—or opposed to—European integration, not to be confused with the term ’Anti-Europeanism’.

Cultural-sovereign politics

Pro-Europeanism and Europhilia also are political terms used in a variety of contexts, implying sentiment or policies in approval for a confederate European Union. As stated in the Treaty of Amsterdam and Lisbon, the European Commission has expressed positive sentiments for enhanced federalization.

In the context of cultural politics, this may refer to the culture or peoples of Europe. In the shorthand of "Europe" (standing for the European Union or European integration), it may refer to European federalism, the deliberating institutional process of the European Commission to form an informal confederation. In the context of lateral cultural policy, it may refer to forced assimilation by the European Commission in the member states.

The terms may also be variously used in the context of criticizing various behaviours, usually historic, seen as imperialist, or genocidal, as stereotype and prejudice associated with Europe, as eradication of local cultures, as desist of national sovereignty and as a moral statement of opposing the perceived inherent negativity that goes with Europe.

Pro-EU political parties

Pan-European level

Within the EU

Outside the EU

Multinational European partnerships
Main article: European integration
  • Council of Europe: an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe and to promote European culture. It has 47 member states, with approximately 820 million people.
  • Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe: the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization, with 57 participating states mostly in Europe and the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Paneuropean Union: the oldest European unification movement.
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See also

References
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  2. Sadurski, Wojciech. Spreading Democracy and the Rule of Law?. Springer Science & Business Media, 2006. pp.51, 55
  3. Krisztina Arató, Petr Kaniok (editors). Euroscepticism and European Integration. Political Science Research Centre Zagreb, 2009. p.40
  4. "Austrian People's Party (ÖVP)". The Democratic Society. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  5. Ton Notermans (January 2001). Social Democracy and Monetary Union. Berghahn Books. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-57181-806-5.
  6. "Austria's Freedom Party sees vote rise". BBC News. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  7. Almeida, Dimitri (107). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Routledge. p. 107.
  8. Nathaniel Copsey; Tim Haughton (2009). The JCMS Annual Review of the European Union in 2008. John Wiley & Sons. p. 56. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  9. Richard Davis Anderson (2001). "Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy". Princeton University Press. p. 147. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
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  17. Claudia Hefftler; et al. (2015). The Palgrave Handbook of National Parliaments and the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 286]. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
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  21. "Riigikogu 2015 programm". Sotsiaal Demokraadid. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  22. "EU-Aufklärung im Satire-Kostüm". Deutschlandfunk Kultur. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  23. The platform
  24. https://europeelects.eu/european-union/romania/
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  32. "Protect Britain's place in Europe". Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  33. Stone, Jon (25 June 2016). "Liberal Democrats pledge to keep Britain in the EU after next election". The Independent. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  34. Mason, Rowena (14 March 2016). "Green party 'loud and proud' about backing Britain in Europe". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  35. "Stay in EU to solve its problems, Plaid Cymru says". BBC News. 10 February 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
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  39. Greer, Ross (22 February 2016). "Now is the time to fight to stay in Europe ... and to reform it from the left, not the right as Cameron plans". Green Party of Scotland. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  40. Walker, Sophie (26 July 2018). "Overconfident men brought us Brexit. It's not too late for women to fix it". The Guardian. Opinion. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  41. Hughes, Brendan (22 February 2016). "EU referendum: Where Northern Ireland parties stand". The Irish News. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
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