Paleobiota of the Ciechocinek Formation

The Ciechocinek Formation, is a Jurassic (lower to middle Toarcian) geologic formation that extends from Grimmen, Germany, to Poland.[1] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, including the Thyreorporan Emausaurus and others which have not yet been referred to a specific genus. On Poland, the main basin if charaserized mostly by lack of marine microfauna in the Częstochowa-Zawiercie area. It is mainly composed by Foraminiferans: Ammodiscus glumaceous, Trochammina? sp., Lagenammina sp., Saccammina? sp. and Dentalina sp. (On Pabianice, Łutowiec and Żarki), as well as the Ostracodan Liasina sp.[2] The crustacean Estheria is relatively abundant, along traces of Diplocraterion and the inconclusive remains of Clams, Snails and Fish teeth (On Żuki, Gorzków, Choroń and Bobolice). The discussed settlement complex, due to its characteristic lithological education with floristic and faunistic analogies, allows without difficulty to parallelize with similarly developed sediments in the Polish Lowlands.[3]

Terrestrial environment of Łęczna (Lublin, Poland), based on the Bogdanka Coal Mine Flora. Dinosaurs are based on material found on various locations of the formation

Dinoflagellates

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Nannoceratopsis[4]	Nannoceratopsis senex Nannoceratopsis triceras Nannoceratopsis raunsgardii Nannoceratopsis ridingii	Kozłowice borehole. Boroszów borehole	Dinocysts	A Dinophyceae Dinoflagellatan, type member of the family Nannoceratopsiaceae. The large amount of Cysts of the genus point to more diversified marine palaeoenvironments. N. senex is the most abundant.
Luehndea[4]	Luehndea spinosa	Kozłowice borehole. Boroszów borehole	Dinocysts	A Dinophyceae Dinoflagellatan, type member of the family Luehndeoideae. Presence of Luehndea spinosa suggests Late Pliensbachian–earliest Toarcian age of studied assemblages.

Fungi

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Xylophagous Fungi[5]	Indeterminate	Brody-Lubienia borehole.[5] Mechowo borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole	Fungal spores of different sizes associated with wood	Associated with a high rate of organic burial, the presence of Fungal Matter increased on the Uppermost layers of the Drzewica Formation, with a continue deposition between the T-OAE extincion, and several ups and downs on the Ciechocinek Strata, related with local climate and humidity changes. This is rather a reflection of the efficiency of terrestrial biodegradation.[5] Measured increasing of temperature favoured local fungal-mediated decomposition of plant litter, specifically of normally resistant wood.[5]	Xylophagous Fungi like Fomitopsis are probably the main origin for the Fungal Spores found on the Ciechocinek Formation
Sporonites[6]	Sporonites neddenii	Poręba	Spores	Fungal Spores with non diagnosed affinities, probably related with Pucciniomycetes inside Agaricomycotina. It is found associated with Pollen and Spores, interpreted as some sort of parasitism.	Sporonites was probably related with plant parasite fungus, such as Gymnosporangium

Invertebrata

Ichnofossils

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Planolites[7]	Planolites montanus Planolites beverleyensis	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Burrowing and track ichnofossils.	Burrow-like ichnofossils. Planolites is really common in all types of the Ciechocinek Formation deposits. It is referred to vermiform deposit-feeders, mainly Polychaetes, producing active Fodinichnia. It is controversial, since is considered a strictly a junior synonym of Palaeophycus.[8]	Example of Planolites fossil
Palaeophycus[7]	Palaeophycus tubularis	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Burrowing and track ichnofossils.	Burrow-like ichnofossils. Palaeophycus is less common than Planolites in deposits of the Ciechocinek Formation. On the Kozlowice outcrop however there are numerous specimens occur, interpreted as the result of passive filling of polychaete burrows.[7]	Example of Palaeophycus fossil
Helminthopsis[7]	Helminthopsis isp.	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Burrowing and track ichnofossils.	Burrow-like ichnofossils. There are a few specimens in the Kozlowice outcrop. It is interpreted as a grazing trail or Fodinichnia, produced at shallow depth in sediment by Polychaetes and Priapulids.[7]	Example of Helminthopsis fossil
Gyrochorte[7]	Gyrochorte isp.	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Burrowing and track ichnofossils.	Burrow-like ichnofossils. Gyrochorte is interpreted as a result of active digging on the sediment by deposit-feeding worm-like animal, probably an Annelid or similar kinds of creatures.[7] On the Kozlowice strata only a few specimens where observed.
Protovirgularia[7]	Protovirgularia isp.	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Bilobate trace fossil	Bottom Trace Fossils. Protovirgularia is a Repichnia form, ascribed to the activity of Bivalves, leaving a trace due to the rhythmic action of a foot.[7]
Spongeliomorpha[7]	Spongeliomorpha isp.	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Burrows and associated traces	Burrow-like ichnofossils. Spongeliomorpha is believed to come from the domicile of Crustaceans: Anomuras (Probably Eocarcinoidea) and Decapodas (Probably Glypheidae), created as they dig in a firm, semiconsolidated substrate.[7] Local Spongeliomorpha could point to a transgressional Sea water impulse following a short episode of regression.[7]
Diplocraterion[7]	Diplocraterion parallelum	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Burrows and associated traces	Burrow-like ichnofossils. Most Diplocraterion show only protrusive spreit, like the local ones, produced under predominantly erosive conditions where the organism was constantly burrowing deeper into the substrate as sediment was eroded from the top. It can be Made by crustaceans, annelids or other benthic fauna.[7]	Diplocraterion parallelum diagram

Annelida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dictyothylakos[9]	Dictyothylakos pesslerae Dictyothylakos sp. "Sing.,1964" Dictyothylakos sp.	Silesian Coal Basin	Leech cocoons	Hirudinea cocoons, identified with palynological residues. The cocoons Dictyothylakos are common on flooded basin sediments, and implies not only the presence of parasitic leeches, but also the presence of large hosts nearby, that is proven on the case of Ciechocinek thanks to the dinosaur fossils from the German realm.	Example of Leech Cocoon

Brachiopoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Discina[10][11]	Discina cornucopiae	Green Series Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Brachiopodan, member of Discinidae inside Discinida. The classification of the Discinidae is rather treated with confusion, due to the description and the identification of either extinct and extant genera and species.

Bivalvia

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Stalagmina[10][11]	Stalagmina koeneni	Green Series Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Clam, member of Inoceramidae inside Myalinida. This genus resemble the Modern Pearl Oysters, although it was more likely a clam. The specimens are rather complete.
Parainoceramya[10][11]	Parainoceramya dubia	Green Series Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Clam, member of Inoceramidae inside Myalinida. Pseudomytiloides dubius is a possible junior synonym. This genus resemble the Modern Pearl Oysters, although it was more likely a clam. The specimens are rather complete. It is the most common bivalve found locally.	Parainoceramya
Lucina[10][11]	Lucina plana	Green Series Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Clam, member of Lucinidae inside Lucinida. Very abundant on the layers	Lucina
Goniomya[10][11]	Goniomya rhombifera	Green Series Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Clam, member of Pholadomyidae inside Pholadomyida. Rather common, but less abundant than other local genera
Neaera[10][11]	Neaera kayseri	Green Series Braunschweig Silesian Coal Basin	Cunchs	A Clam, member of Cuspidariidae inside Anomalodesmata. Marginal Marine to Mangrove swamp mollusc fauna, present on a rather large degree of salinities.

Gastropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Cerithium[10][11]	Cerithium armatum Cerithium roeceri	Green Series Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, member of Cerithiinae inside Caenogastropoda. The main recovered gasteropod from the Green Series. Extant genus.	Cerithium

Cephalopoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Eleganticeras[12][13][14][15]	Eleganticeras elegantulum	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.	Eleganticeras
Tiltoniceras[11][16]	Tiltoniceras antiquum Tiltoniceras sp.	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.	Tiltoniceras
Grammoceras[16][12][11][15]	Grammoceras thouarcense Grammoceras striatulum	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.	Grammoceras
Phylloceras[16][12][11][15]	Phylloceras heterophyllum	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Phylloceratidae Ammonite. Among the largest ammonites found on the Green Series, with specimens over 60 cm	Phylloceras
Lobolytoceras[17][18]	Lobolytoceras siemensi	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Lytoceratidae Ammonite.	Lobolytoceras
Lytoceras[16][12][11]	Lytoceras siemensi	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Lytoceratidae Ammonite.	Lytoceras
Pseudolioceras[16][12][11]	Pseudolioceras lythense	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Harpoceratinae Ammonite.	Pseudolioceras
Dactylioceras[19][16][12][11][15]	Dactylioceras athleticum Dactylioceras temperatum Dactylioceras attenuatum Dactylioceras tenuicostatum Dactylioceras semicelatum Dactylioceras cf. aequistriatum	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Dactylioceratinae Ammonite. Most common ammonite found on the Green Series and the different erratic boulders, as is the most common on the German realm, on the north and the south, with several specimens of different sizes.	Dactylioceras
Peronoceras[16][12][11][15]	Peronoceras fibulatum	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	A Dactylioceratinae Ammonite.
Parapassaloteuthis[10][16][12][11]	Parapassaloteuthis zieteni	Green Series Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Passaloteuthididae Belemnoidean.
Cuspiteuthis[10][16][12]	Cuspiteuthis acuaria	Green Series Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Megateuthididae Belemnoidean.
Acrocoelites[10][16][12]	Acrocoelites pyramidalis	Green Series Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Megateuthididae Belemnoidean.	Acrocoelites
Beloteuthis[10][16][12]	Beloteuthis schubleri	Green Series Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Beloteuthidae Mesoteuthoidean. Is a relatively small genus.	Beloteuthis
Teudopsis[10][16][12][20]	Teudopsis bollensis	Green Series Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Teudopsidae Vampyropodan. Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis.	Teudopsis
Jeletzkyteuthis[21][22]	Jeletzkyteuthis coriaceus	Green Series Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Loligosepiidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha). Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis. Gladii of Loligosepia can be distinguished from Jeletzkyteuthis by the transition lateral field/hyperbolar zone. Described originally as Belopeltis bollensis.

Echinodermata

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Paleocoma[23]	Palaeocoma milleri	Green Series	Various specimens.	An Ophiuroidean Echinodermatan. It is relatively less abundant than in coeval strata.	Palaeocoma
Ophioderma[23]	Ophioderma dentata	Green Series	Various specimens.	An Ophiodermatidae Echinodermatan. Still alive today. On the Green Series, is related to deep basinal deposits.	Ophioderma
Archastropecten[23]	Archastropecten hastingiae	Green Series	Various specimens.	An Astropectinidae Asteroidean. Related to freshwater debris, that probably caused changes to salinity and mass mortality of Echinoderms.	Archastropecten
Chladocrinus[23]	Chladocrinus basaltiformis	Green Series	Multiple specimens.	An Isocrinidae Crinoidean.
Echinoidea[23]	Echinoidea Indeterminate	Green Series	Spines from two Echinoidea Species	Sea Urchin Echinodermatan.

Crustacea

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Posidinia[24][16][12][11]	Posidinia opalina	Green Series	Various specimens.	An Eocarcinoidean Anomuran. It is among the oldest found Crabs worldwide. The genus is known locally mostly due to fragmentary specimens, related to less saline conditions.
Glyphea[16][12][11][24]	Glyphea liasina Glyphea muensteri	Green Series Silesian Coal Basin	Various specimens.	A Glypheidae Decapodan. The most complete Crustacean found on the formation	Glyphea
Proeryon[25]	cf. Proeryon sp.	Green Series (Grimmen)	Single specimen with preserved upper torax and chelae	A Proeryoninae Polychelidan.	Proeryon
Lioestheria[26]	Lioestheria sp.	Silesian Coal Basin	Docens of Specimens	A Clam shrimp (Phyllopodan) of the family Lioestheriidae. They fed on detritus, being very small slow moving, nektonic organisms that filter fed as they floated. The presence of Lioestheria marks the appearance of less saline conditions, as this is a mostly freshwater genus. The local Phyllopods are related with a great amount of freshwater debris (specially plants), and suggest seasonal changes on the rivers on the Toarcian Polish Basin.	Lioestheria
Liasina[26]	Liasina lanceolata	Brody-Lubienia borehole	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Pontocyprididae. Small marine ostracods related with abundant Green Algae environments
Ambigocythere[27]	Ambigocythere concentricostata	Green Series (Brandenburg)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan with incertade Sedis assignation. The specimens of this genus are rather fargmentary.
Infracytheropteron[28]	Infracytheropteron supraliasicum	Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protostomia. The specimens of this genus are rather fragmentary and of uncertain nature.
Ogmoconchella[29][30][31]	Ogmoconchella adenticulata Ogmoconchella aequalis Ogmoconchella secunda	Green Series (Dobbertin) Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. This genus is the main reported on the marine facies of the Dobbertin Clay Pit.
Ogmoconcha[32]	Ogmoconcha amalthei	Green Series (Dobbertin) Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. Is probably present on all the Clay pits, altrougth the other locations specimens wheren´t published.
Ledahia[33]	Ledahia conviniens	Green Series (Dobbertin) Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. One of the genus that reflect better the migration patterns of ostracodans on the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary.
Pseudohealdia[33]	Pseudohealdia pseudoespina	Green Series (Dobbertin) Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. The genus is rare on the layers.
Hermiella[30]	Hermiella circumvallata Hermiella intercedens	Green Series (Brandenburg)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. This genus is the main reported on the marine facies of the Dobbertin Clay Pit.
Cytheropteron[34][35]	Cytheropteron diversum	Green Series (Grimmen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae inside Podocopida. Is rare and the specimens found are rather incomplete.
Nanacythere[34][35]	Nanacythere (D.) firma Nanacythere (D.) fissicosta Nanacythere (G.) minor Nanacythere (N.) simplex	Green Series (Grimmen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae inside Podocopida. The most abundant genus on the Grimmen Clay Pit.
Procytherura[36]	Procytherura suebica	Green Series (Grimmen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae inside Podocopida. A genus with well preserved specimens locally.
Gramannicythere[37][38]	Gramannicythere bachi Gramannicythere coniuncta	Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protocytheridae inside Podocopida. Common, and associated to benthonic deposits. This genus maybe was able to resist relative changes in salinity.
Kinkelinella[27]	Kinkelinella procera	Green Series (Grimmen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protocytheridae inside Podocopida. A genus related with Fish fossils and anoxic bottoms.
Bairdia[39][40]	Bairdia donzei Bairdia guttulae Bairdia michelseni Bairdia praehilda	Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. Abundant and diverse, is found associated with Ammonite shells.
Bairdiacypris[39][40]	Bairdiacypris anisica brevis Bairdiacypris triasica postera	Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. Less abundant than the genus Bairdia, is present on layers where Wood debris is more abundant.
Fabalacypris[39][40]	Fabalacypris symmetrica	Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. Know only from the Green Series, is a rather unusual and complex genus.
Isobythocypris[39][40]	Isobythocypris cylindrica	Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. It is a relatively abundant genus, but based on incomplete material.
Polycope[28]	Polycope tenuireticulata	Green Series (Thüringen)	Cunchs	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Polycopidae inside Cladocopina. Scarce but well preserved specimens.

Arachnida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Seppo[41]	Seppo koponeni	Green Series	Single Incomplete Specimen.	A possible member of the superfamily Palpimanoidea.[41] It is the first confirmed spider from the lower jurassic, and a rare find, probably washed to the sea due to a hard wind related to hurricane action, present due to the measured moonsonal conditions of the formation, as on the rest of the Lower-Middle Toarcian strata. Probably a ground dewelling predator that hunted the abundant insect fauna present on the layers.[41] With a robust and well-armed legs I, directed forwards give the suggestion that they were preycapture appendages, a morphology typical of a sit-and-wait predator, while the short legs III are more typical on web spiders, especially Orbweavers, but also found on Palpimanoids, but not on that that are common substrate dwellers, that had legs more equal.[41] Seppo was probably not a habitual ground dweller, with armoured front legs related to capturing dangerous prey, such as many palpimanoids today are Araneophagous, for example.[41]	Seppo koponeni reconstruction on a Tree, as suggested for it's Leg III morphology

Insecta

Insects are a common terrestrial animals that where proabaly drifted to the sea due to Moonsonal conditions present on the Ciechocinek Formation.[42]

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Eolepidopterigidae[43]	Eolepidopterigidae indet.	Green Series	Wing Scales	A Lepidoptera (Moth) of the family Eolepidopterigidae. They are essential fossils for the Development of the color on Lepidopterans.
Zalmonites[44]	Zalmonites geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper.
Panorpidium[45][46]	Panorpidium geinitzi Panorpidium magna Panorpidium minima Panorpidium media Panorpidium reticulata Panorpidium mesostena	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Elcanidae. The species P. magna is among the largest Orthopterans of the Jurassic, while P. minima is among the Smallest.
Parelcana[44][47][48]	Parelcana tenuis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Elcanidae.
Parelcana[45][48]	Parelcana tenuis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Elcanidae.
Synelcana[45][48]	Synelcana muelleri	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Elcanidae.
Locustopsis[45][48]	Locustopsis sp 1 Locustopsis sp 2 Locustopsis sp 3 Locustopsis sp 4 Locustopsis gyra Locustopsis bernstorffi Locustopsis sippeli ?Locustopsis dubia Locustopsis bernstorffi Locustopsis nana Locustopsis reducta Locustopsis elongata Locustopsis elegans Locustopsis pulchella Locustopsis lacera Locustopsis procera Locustopsis mecklenburgica Locustopsis maculosa	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Locustopsidae.
Plesioschwinzia[48][49]	Plesioschwinzia thalassophila	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Locustopsidae.
Schwinzia[45][48]	Schwinzia sola	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Locustopsidae.
Locustophanes[45][48]	Locustophanes rhipidophorus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Locustidae.
Protochaeta[45][48]	Protochaeta masculina Protochaeta lanceolata	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grasshopper of the family Regiatidae.
Protogryllus[47][48]	Protogryllus dobbertinensis Protogryllus germanicus Protogryllus sp. Protogryllus vicinus Protogryllus liadis Protogryllus major Protogryllus stenobasis Protogryllus femina Protogryllus acutipennis Protogryllus minor Protogryllus irregularis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Cricket of the family Protogryllidae.
Griphopteron[50]	Griphopteron molle	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Cricket of the family Blattogryllidae.
Durnovaria[50]	Durnovaria cf. parallela	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Stick Insect of the family Aerophasmidae.
Aenne[51]	Aenne liasina	Green Series	Wings	The oldest known non biting midge (Chironomidae)
Dobbertiniopteryx[52]	Dobbertiniopteryx capniomimus	Green Series	Wings	A Stonefly of the family Protostomia
Mesotipula[53][54]	Mesotipula siggiae Mesotipula vicina Mesotipula cf. vicina Mesotipula mirabilis Mesotipula curvata Mesotipula geinitzi Mesotipula minuta Mesotipula lapidaria Mesotipula parva	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae.
Architipula[53][47][48]	Architipula stigmatica Architipula latipennis Architipula elegans Architipula seebachi Architipula nana Architipula pusilla Architipula pulla Architipula debilis Architipula simplex Architipula intermedia Architipula obliqua Architipula areolata Architipula maior Architipula conspicua Architipula clara Architipula dubia	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae. A. nana can be the smallest Crane fly of the Jurassic.
Eotipula[44]	Eotipula defuncta Eotipula mortua Eotipula coarctata	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae.
Phryganidium[44]	Phryganidium minimum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae.
Grimmenia[53]	Grimmenia prima Grimmenia secunda	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae.
Rhaetomyia[50]	Rhaetomyia herrigi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Phantom midge of the family Chaoboridae.
Grimmyia[50]	Grimmyia baltica	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Snipe Fly of the family Rhagionidae.
Liassobrachyceron[55]	Liassobrachyceron kotejai	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Snipe Fly of the family Rhagionidae.
Palaeobrachyceron[50]	Palaeobrachyceron willmanni	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Snipe Fly of the family Rhagionidae.
Antefungivora[50]	Antefungivora germanica	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Antefungivoridae.
Archibio[50]	Archibio mycetophilinus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Antefungivoridae.
Pleciofungivora[50]	Pleciofungivora liassica	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Pleciofungivoridae.
Archirhyphus[50]	Archirhyphus geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Protorhyphidae.
Protorhyphus[47]	Protorhyphus simplex	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Protorhyphidae.
Protobrachyceron[56]	Protobrachyceron liasinum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Protobrachyceridae.
Heterorhyphus[50]	Heterorhyphus triangularis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Heterorhyphidae.
Eoditomyia[50]	Eoditomyia primitiva	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Eoditomyidae.
Archipleciomima[50]	Archipleciomima sp. Archipleciomima germanica	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly.
Protoplecia[50]	Protoplecia klafacki Protoplecia liasina	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Fly of the family Protopleciidae.
Mailotrichocera[57]	Mailotrichocera mikereichi Mailotrichocera variabilis Mailotrichocera zessini	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Winter Crane Fly of the family Trichoceridae.
Nannotanyderus[58]	Nannotanyderus grimmenensis Nannotanyderus krzeminskii	Green Series	Several Specimens	A primitive Crane Fly of the family Tanyderidae.
Eoptychoptera[47]	Eoptychoptera simplex	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Phantom crane fly of the family Ptychopteridae.
Eolimnobia[47]	Eolimnobia geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Phantom crane fly of the family Ptychopteridae.
Tanypsycha[58]	Tanypsycha connexa	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Moth fly of the family Psychodidae.
Liassopsychodina[58]	Liassopsychodina pommerana	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Moth fly of the family Psychodidae.
Mesorhyphus[56]	Mesorhyphus nanus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Wood Gnat of the family Anisopodidae.
Metatrichopteridium[59]	Metatrichopteridium confusum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A rare Fly of the family Hennigmatidae.
Orthophlebia[47]	Orthophlebia germanica Orthophlebia elongata Orthophlebia fuscipennis Orthophlebia limnophila Orthophlebia cf. limnophila Orthophlebia radialis Orthophlebia liadis Orthophlebia maculata Orthophlebia vicina Orthophlebia brunsvicensis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Mecopteran of the family Orthophlebiidae.	Orthophlebia fossil
Neorthophlebia[47]	Neorthophlebia maculipennis Neorthophlebia megapolitana Neorthophlebia pallida Neorthophlebia debilis Neorthophlebia simillima Neorthophlebia medialis Neorthophlebia stigmatica Neorthophlebia acutipennis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Mecopteran of the family Bittacidae.
Parabittacus[60]	Parabittacus analis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Mecopteran of the family Bittacidae.
Mesobittacus[47]	Mesobittacus minutus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Mecopteran of the family Bittacidae.
Pseudopolycentropus[44]	Pseudopolycentropus triangularis Pseudopolycentropus perlaeformis Pseudopolycentropus sp.	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Mecopteran of the family Pseudopolycentropodidae.
Mesochorista?[44]	Mesochorista sinuata	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Mecopteran of the family Permochoristidae.
Liasocoris[61]	Liasocoris hainmuelleri	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran.
Fulgoridium[50][47]	Fulgoridium egens Fulgoridium lapideum Fulgoridium dubium Fulgoridium latum Fulgoridium venosum Fulgoridium pallidum Fulgoridium geinitzi Fulgoridium spilographum Fulgoridium oligoneurum Fulgoridium regulare Fulgoridium graphipterum Fulgoridium inconspicuum Fulgoridium quadrisignatum Fulgoridium breviradiatum Fulgoridium modestum Fulgoridium anale Fulgoridium marginepunctatum Fulgoridium picturatum Fulgoridium anomalum Fulgoridium stigmaticum Fulgoridium punctatum Fulgoridium mortuum Fulgoridium alatum Fulgoridium nodosum Fulgoridium megapolitanum Fulgoridium pulchrum Fulgoridium remotum Fulgoridium multivenosum Fulgoridium debile Fulgoridium trifurcatum Fulgoridium litorale Fulgoridium parvispilum Fulgoridium retractum Fulgoridium polyneurum Fulgoridium oligospilum Fulgoridium nubeculum Fulgoridium obtusum Fulgoridium grave Fulgoridium fenestratum Fulgoridium breve Fulgoridium dilutum Fulgoridium multipunctatum Fulgoridium ampliatum Fulgoridium clavatum Fulgoridium nebulosum Fulgoridium vicinum Fulgoridium curvipenne Fulgoridium elegantulum Fulgoridium defunctum Fulgoridium plicatum Fulgoridium exhumatum Fulgoridium angulosum Fulgoridium acutum Fulgoridium rotundatum Fulgoridium ancylla Fulgoridium bifurcatum Fulgoridium inaequale Fulgoridium brachyptilum Fulgoridium intercalatum Fulgoridium balticum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Fulgoridiidae. The colossal abundance of the genus maybe it's related to a preference for seashore habitats. Some specimens are indentinguible, making possible some species synonymous.
Metafulgoridium[47]	Metafulgoridium spilotum Metafulgoridium ampliatum Metafulgoridium graptum Margaroptilon germanicum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Archiconiopteryx[62]	Archiconiopteryx liasina	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Archiconiopterygidae.
Liadopsylla[63]	Liadopsylla geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Liadopsyllidae.
Hadrocoris[56]	Hadrocoris scutellaris	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Hadrocoridae.
Progonocimex[56]	Progonocimex jurassicus Progonocimex liasinus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Progonocimicidae.
Eocercopis[47]	Eocercopis ancyloptera Eocercopis similis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Progonocimicidae.
Archicercopis[47]	Archicercopis falcatus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Progonocimicidae.
Archegocimex[44]	Archegocimex geinitzi Archegocimex primitiva Archegocimex liadis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Archegocimicidae.
Progonocoris[56]	Progonocoris pictus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Archegocimicidae.
Anosmus[47]	Anosmus spilopterus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Archegocimicidae.
Diatillus[63]	Diatillus debilis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Archegocimicidae.
Pachymeridium[64]	Pachymeridium dubium	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Sisyrocoris[63]	Sisyrocoris rudis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Hypocimex[47]	Hypocimex membranaceus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Apsicoria[47]	Apsicoria semideleta	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Cathalus[47]	Cathalus alutaceus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Psychrocoris[56]	Psychrocoris cuneifera	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Cuneocoris[56]	Cuneocoris geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Cuneocoridae.
Apopnus[63]	Apopnus magniclavus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Naucoridae.
Aphlebocoris[44]	Aphlebocoris punctata Aphlebocoris nana	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Naucoridae.
Archijassus[44][65]	Archijassus heeri Archijassus pachyneura	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Archijassidae.
Ardela[50][65]	Ardela grimmenensis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Archijassidae.
Liassocercopis[50][65]	Liassocercopis schnicki	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Hylicellidae.
Toarcopsyllidium[50][65]	Toarcopsyllidium ernsti	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Protopsyllidiidae.
Grimmenaphis[50][65]	Grimmenaphis magnifica	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Oviparosiphidae.
Grimmaratavites[66]	Grimmaratavites mirabilis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hemipteran of the family Karatavitidae.
Liassochrysa[67]	Liassochrysa stigmatica	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran of the family Mantispidae. It is the earliest know Chrysopid
Prohemerobius[68]	Prohemerobius prodromus Prohemerobius ovatus Prohemerobius anomalus Prohemerobius costalis Prohemerobius persimilis Prohemerobius geinitzi Prohemerobius liasinus Prohemerobius major Prohemerobius parvulus Prohemerobius geinitzianus Prohemerobius dilaroides Prohemerobius chryseus Prohemerobius latus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran of the family Prohemerobiidae.	Prohemerobius at the bottom
Mesosmylina[69]	Mesosmylina falcifera	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran of the family Osmylidae.
Polyosmylus[50]	Polyosmylus excelsus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran.
Mesoleon[50]	Mesoleon dobbertinianus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran.
Loxophleps[47][50]	Loxophleps costalis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran.
Melaneimon[47][50]	Melaneimon dubium	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran.
Melamnous[47]	Melamnous indistinctus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran.
Solenoptilon[47]	Solenoptilon kochi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran of the Family Solenoptilidae.
Epigambria[47]	Epigambria longipennis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran of the Family Epigambriidae.
Apeirophlebia[47]	Apeirophlebia grandis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Neuropteran of the Family Psychopsidae. An unexpectec giant Silky lacewing, with a size up to 7 cm.
Magnasupplephlebia[70][71]	Magnasupplephlebia kallweita Magnasupplephlebia intercalaria	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan. Very large dragonfly, with a wingspan of 13 cm
Liadothemis[47]	Liadothemis hydrodictyon Liadothemis major Liadothemis geinitzi Liadothemis insignis	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan.
Petrothemis[47]	Petrothemis singularis	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan.
Parelthothemis[47]	Parelthothemis dobbertinensis	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan.
Anomothemis[47]	Anomothemis brevistigma	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan.
Rhabdothemis[47]	Rhabdothemis strigivena	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan.
Temnostigma[47]	Temnostigma singulare	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan.
Pycnothemis[47]	Pycnothemis densa	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan.
Archithemis[47]	Archithemis brodiei	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan of the family Archithemistidae.
Selenothemis[47]	Selenothemis liadis	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan of the family Selenothemistidae.
Heterothemis[72]	Heterothemis brodiei	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Several Specimens	An Odonatan of the family Liassogomphidae.
Anisozygopteron[47]	Anisozygopteron geinitzianum	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan of the family Myopophlebiidae.
Dialothemis[73]	Dialothemis dubia	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan of the family Selenothemistidae.
Eosagrion[56]	Eosagrion risi	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan of the family Eosagrionidae.
Turanopteron[50]	Turanopteron pommerana	Green Series	Several Specimens	An Odonatan of the family Asiopteridae.
Liadobracona[74]	Liadobracona raduhna	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hymenopteran of the family Ephialtitidae.
Brigittepterus[75]	Brigittepterus brauckmanni	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hymenopteran of the family Ephialtitidae.
Xyelula[75]	Xyelula benderi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Hymenopteran of the family Sepulcidae.
Mesoblattina[76]	Mesoblattina protypa	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Cockroach of the family Mesoblattinidae.
Caloblattina[76][77]	Caloblattina mathildae	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Cockroach of the family Caloblattinidae.
Liadoblattina[76][78]	Liadoblattina blakei	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Cockroach of the family Raphidiomimidae.
Eublattula[47][76]	Eublattula crassivena	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Cockroach. Blattulidae is an extinct cockroach family which was widely distributed around the world and lasted from Late Triassic to Cretaceous.
Blattula[72][76]	Blattula langfeldti Blattula dubia	Green Series Boulder from Ahrensburg	Several Specimens	A Cockroach. Blattulidae is an extinct cockroach family which was widely distributed around the world and lasted from Late Triassic to Cretaceous.
Dicronemoura[50]	Dicronemoura furcata	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Plecopteran of the family Perlariopseidae.
Liassopsocus[50]	Liassopsocus lanceolatus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Permopsocidan of the family Psocidiidae.
Archipsylla[50]	Archipsylla primitiva	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Permopsocidan of the family Archipsyllidae.
Undacypha[50]	Undacypha europaea	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Dicondylian of uncertaing Placement.
Parnidium[44]	Parnidium frechi Parnidium geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Polypamon[79]	Polypamon byrrhoides	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Bathygerus[79]	Bathygerus bellus Bathygerus divergens	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Plastonebria[79]	Plastonebria scudderi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Plastobuprestites[79]	Plastobuprestites elegans	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Nannoodes[79]	Nannoodes pseudocistela	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Pseudocyphon[79]	Pseudocyphon geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Keleusticus[79]	Keleusticus zirkeli	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Allognosis[79]	Allognosis nitens	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Enamma[79]	Enamma striatum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Pseudoprionites[79]	Pseudoprionites liasinus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Nebrioides[79]	Nebrioides dobbertinensis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Paracurculium[79]	Paracurculium punctatum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Apioderes[79]	Apioderes punctatus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Bareus[79]	Bareus strigipennis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Anypostatus[79]	Anypostatus taurus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Periboloptera[79]	Periboloptera rotunda	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Clinomerus[79]	Clinomerus laticollis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Anomerus[79]	Anomerus punctifer	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Masselytron[79]	Masselytron quinquestriatum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Oxytoroptera[79]	Oxytoroptera mediocris	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Ecthlimma[47]	Ecthlimma forficuloides	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Onkedodimus[47]	Onkedodimus discicollis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Apsychus[47]	Apsychus alutaceus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Gyrinulopsis[47]	Gyrinulopsis nanu	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Anancaeon[47]	Anancaeon microcephalum	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran.
Hydrobiites[47]	Hydrobiites dobbertinensis Hydrobiites punctatostriatus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran of the family Permosynidae.
Thoracotes[44]	Thoracotes dubius	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran of the family Trogossitidae.
Eurynucha[44]	Eurynucha pseudobuprestis	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran of the family Buprestidae.
Coptogyrinus[44]	Coptogyrinus scutellatus	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran of the family Gyrinidae.
Carabites[44]	Carabites dubius Carabites geinitzi	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Coleopteran of the family Carabidae.
Nele[50]	Nele jurassica	Green Series	Several Specimens	A Grylloblattodean of the family Bajanzhargalanidae.

Vertebrata

Fishes

Actinopteri

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Saurorhynchus[80]	Saurorhynchus hauffi	Green Series	Multiple specimens.	The youngest representative of the family Saurichthyidae, known for its large jaws, similar to modern Belonidae.	Saurorhynchus
Grimmenichthys[81]	Grimmenichthys ansorgei Cf. Grimmenichthys ansorgei	Green Series	GG 439/1, articulated, but incompletely preserved specimen	A member of the Pholidophoriformes.
Pholidophoriformes[81]	Pholidophoriformes indet.	Green Series	GG 439/2	Non assigned to an especific genus
Pholidophorus[82]	Pholidophorus sp.	Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[82]	Fragmentary remains	Non assigned to an especific species	Pholidophorus
Pachycormiformes[81]	Pachycormiformes indet.	Green Series	Unknown, only cited.	Non assigned to an especific genus
Leptolepis[83][84]	Leptolepis coryphaenoides Leptolepis normandica Leptolepis jaegeri Leptolepis sp.	Green Series Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[82]	GG 431/3 slightly disarticulated, incomplete head GG 431/7 subadult, almost complete NRM P 6091 (cast of MNH P. 23834) fragmentary head GG 431/19 isolated head with pectoral girdle GG 431/20 incomplete head	Type member of the Leptolepidae.	Leptolepis
Leptolepidae[83][2][3]	Indeterminate	Green Series Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	GG 431/5a, b isolated head with missing postcranial bones.[83] Assigned Teeth	Non assigned to a concrete genus.
Proleptolepis[83]	Proleptolepis sp.	Green Series Boroszów Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	MV 202612, fragmentary head .[83] Assigned Teeth	Member of the Leptolepidae.
Tetragonolepis[2][3]	Tetragonolepis semicincta	Boroszów Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fragmentary Head Assigned Teeth	Member of the Semionotidae.	Tetragonolepis
Lepidotes[85]	Lepidotes elvensis	Green Series Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[82]	Various specimens	Member of the Semionotidae.	Lepidotes
Lepisosteiformes[2][3]	Lepisosteiformes Indeterminate	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Teeth & Scales	Member of the Semionotidae.
Grimmenodon[86]	Grimmenodon aureum	Green Series	GG 437, Fragmentary Skull	Member of the Pycnodontiformes.
Dapedium[87][88]	Dapedium pholidotum	Green Series	Fragmentary specimen.	Member of the Dapediidae.[88]
Gyrosteus[89]	Gyrosteus mirabilis	Ahrensburg erratic assemblage	GPIH 4864, Hyomandibula	Member of the Chondrosteidae. This find, which probably originates from the western Baltic basin between Bornholm Island (Denmark) and northeastern Germany, markedly expands the known range of this chondrosteid taxon across the northern part of the strait connecting the Boreal Sea with the Tethys Ocean during the Early Jurassic.[89] The relatively small size of the hyomandibula compared to the largest English material (ca. 40% smaller) may be related to a younger ontogenetic stage of the individual.[89]	Gyrosteus

Chondrichthyes

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Hybodus[88]	Hybodus hauffianus	Green Series (Grimmen) Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[82]	Fragmentary Fin spine Supposed coprolithes Teeth	Member of the Hybodontiformes. Related to Hybodus hauffianus and other genera from the southern of Germany
Synechodontiformes[2][3]	Synechodontiformes Indeterminate	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Teeth	Member of the Squalomorphii. Small to medium benthonic sharks.
Hemiscylliidae?[2][3]	Hemiscylliidae? Indeterminate	Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Teeth	Member of the Orectolobiformes. Small benthonic sharks.

Sarcopterygii

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Coelacanthidae[2][3]	Cf. Coelacanthidae	Boroszów Borehole	Scales	A Coelacanth, member of the family Coelacanthiformes inside Actinistia. The scales recovered are homologous to that found on the Triassic coelacanths Axelia & Wimania.
Ptychoceratodus[2][3]	Ptychoceratodus rectangulus	Brody-Lubienia borehole Boroszów Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Teeth	A Lungfish, type member of the family Ptychoceratodontidae inside Dipnoi. A Lungfish of relative small size, related with Freshwater Debris, found associated with Deltaic Deposits.
Ceratodus[2][3]	Ceratodus cf. rectangularis	Brody-Lubienia borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Teeth & Scales Asiggned fragmentary Teeth	A Lungfish, member of the Neoceratodontidae inside Ceratodontiformes. A Lungfish, abundant on Europe since the Hettangian to the Bajocian on the Jurassic. The Species are known by a few scarce fragments, and are related with Triassic species found along Germany.	Illustration of Ceratodus by Heinrich Harder

Reptiles

Ichthyosaurs

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Stenopterygius[90][88]	Stenopterygius cf. quadriscissus	Green Series	Posterior left half of the cranium.	A Icthyosaur of the family Stenopterygiidae inside Thunnosauria. A common Toarcian Ichthyosaur, present on multiple layers. The rather exquisite level of preservation has led to know even the coloration.	Restoration
Neoichthyosauria[91]	Neoichthyosauria indet.	Green Series	Four articulated tail vertebrae.	An indeterminate ichthyosaur, has been assigned to the species Stenopterygius longifrons
Ophthalmosauridae[92][93][94]	Ophthalmosauridae indet.	Green Series	Partial skull and associated postcranial elements preserved in a concretion	An indeterminate ichthyosaur. It has an expanded basipterygoid processes on the basisphenoid, only currently known in members of the Ophthalmosauridae
Ichthyosauria[88]	Ichthyosauria indet.	Green Series	Presacral centrum, ?sacral centrum	An indeterminate ichthyosaur.
Ichthyosauria[95][96][97]	Ichthyosauria indet.	Ahrensburg Erratic Boulders	Skull, coracoid and associated rib fragment	An indeterminate ichthyosaur. Assigned to Ichthyosaurus sp., but also suggested affinities to "Leptopterygius" (= Temnodontosaurus) platyodon.

Sauropterygia

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Plesiosauria[88][98]	Plesiosauria indeterminate Cf. Plesiosauria indeterminate	Green Series	Three caudal vertebrae, Gastralia, Cervical rib and other postcranial elements	Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genera from the Posidonia Shale
Plesiosauroidea[88][98]	Plesiosauroidea indeterminate	Green Series	Cervical vertebra, Caudal centrum & Phalanx	Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genera from the Posidonia Shale
Microcleididae[98]	Microcleididae indeterminate	Forst Hagen gravel pit	Isolated tooth crown & isolated cervical vertebrae	Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genus Microcleidus or to Seeleyosaurus
Seeleyosaurus?[98]	Seeleyosaurus? sp.	Forst Hagen gravel pit	Three articulated dorsal vertebrae	Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genus Microcleidus	Seeleysaurus
Meyerasaurus?[98]	Meyerasaurus sp.	Vierbergen near Ahrensburg	Incomplete coracoid and associated rib	Material referred to the family Rhomaleosauridae	Meyerasaurus

Crocodyliformes

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Goniopholididae?[88]	Goniopholididae indeterminate	Green Series	Cervical vertebra	Affinities with Goniopholididae inside Neosuchia. Non assigned to a concrete genus, originally labeled as Mesoeucrocodylia indet. can be the earliest representative of the group on Europe.
Thalattosuchia[88]	Thalattosuchia indet	Green Series Vierbergen near Ahrensburg	Partial rostrum with teeth	Affinities with Thalattosuchia inside Neosuchia. Probably related to Pelagosaurus
Steneosaurus[88][99]	Steneosaurus bollensis	Green Series	Incomplete skull and associated osteoderm	Affinities with Thalattosuchia inside Neosuchia. A marine crocodrylomorph with a diet probably based on fish.[100] It is the best known member of the family Teleosauriade.	Steneosaurus

Theropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Orionides?[101][102]	Orionides? Indeterminate	Forst Hagen gravel pit	Dorsal Vertebrae	A possible Tetanurae theropod. The affinities of the Specimen aren't clear due to its fragmentary nature. Has been classified as Saurischia indeterminate, although shows clearly characters of the Orionides group (concave articular surfaces and a dished lateral pleurocoel, remnants of the neural arch and postzygapophyses).[101] The vertebrae centrum measures 80 mm, implying a medium-sized theropod (~5 m long).[101] Can be related with Yunyangosaurus.

Sauropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Gravisauria[102][103]	Gravisauria Indeterminate[103]	Green Series	Iliac preacetabular process Distal right pubis Proximal left ischium Proximal right ischium	A Gravisaurian Sauropod. The specimen is believed to be a juvenile, based on the ossification and unfused spine. Has affinities with the genus Tazoudasaurus and it is clearly distinctive form the also toarcian Ohmdenosaurus, who is thought to be more basal.[103] The pelvic girdle elements can be clearly placed among the Sauropoda, on account of the presence of an elongated and strongly dorsally expanded iliac preacetabular process a possible relative.[103] The ischia GG411/3-4 resemble those of Tazoudasaurus in exhibiting a subtriangular iliac peduncle which create a short anteriorly directed expansion to reach the medial acetabular rim, and are slightly less developed than the Genus Barapasaurus.[103]	Barapasaurus can be a close relative of the Grimmen Sauropod
Gravisauria[102][103]	Gravisauria Indeterminate[103]	Green Series	Single dorsal neural spine	A Gravisaurian Sauropod. The specimen is believed to be a juvenile (its comparatively small size is indicative of belonging to a not fully grown individual) and probably related to the Asian genus Zizhongosaurus, as shares characters with the neural spine V9067.1.[103] GG412 within Gravisauria is indicated by the presence of a well-developed spinodiapophyseal lamina.[103]

Thyreophora

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Emausaurus[104][105]	Emausaurus ernsti	Green Series	Right side of the skull, the right lower jaw, caudal vertebrae, neural arches, a radius, a metatarsal, a claw, fragments of ribs, scutes and plates.[104]	A Thyreophoran ornithischian. Its juvenile status makes controversial its phylogeny.[104]	Emausaurus attacked by a theropod

Plantae

Megaespores

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Rogalskaisporites[6][106]	Rogalskaisporites cicatricosus	Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Sphagnopsida inside Sphagnales. Pollen nearly identical to that one found associated with the modern moss genus Sphagnum. Moss related to high humid environments.
Bacutriletes[107][108]	Bacutriletes spicatus Bacutriletes clavatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. A relative abundant genus, specially on deltaic deposits. Low herbaceous Lycophyte flora.
Acanthotriletes[109]	Acanthotriletes levidensis Acanthotriletes minor Acanthotriletes osmundiformis Acanthotriletes rarispinosus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. This Spores, rather abundant are correlated with humid settings, and come from mostly herbaceous-arbustive plants.
Hughesisporites[109]	Hughesisporites pustulatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. Spores from low herbaceous flora, linked mostly to humid environments with abundant freshwater.
Eehitriletes[107][108][110][111][112]	Eehitriletes hispidus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. Low herbaceous flora from humid envrironments
Hughesisporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Hughesisporites stillarus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. Abundant on humid strata, mostly related with deltaic facies.
Aneuletes[107][108][110][111][112]	Aneuletes patera	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. Rather rare than other similar genera, found mostly on deltaic facies.
Trachytriletes[109]	Trachytriletes dichotomus Trachytriletes filiciformis Trachytriletes lineatus Trachytriletes rugosus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Represents herbaceous Lycophytes of small to medium size (10–40 cm), that are found mostly on deltaic deposits.
Lycopodiumsporites[109]	Lycopodiumsporites gristhorpensis	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Resemble spores of the modern genus Lycopodium. If it belongs to a similar genus, represent low herbaceous flora spores.
Reticulatisporites[109]	Reticulatisporites triangulus Reticulatisporites flavus Reticulatisporites pallidus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Resembles the modern genera Lycopodiella and Huperzia, characteristic small to medium (20–90 cm) herbaceous Lycopites, found on environments with abundant water.
Biharisporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Biharisporites scaber Biharisporites scabrus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Lycopodiopsida inside Lycophyta. Lycophyte spores of rather uncertain affinities, are more common on fluvial deposits.
Paxillitriletes[113]	Paxillitriletes phyllicus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Isoetales inside Lycophyta. Spores related with modern Isoetes, representing Small plants related with water bodies.[114] It comprises the main Megaspore zonation of the Toarcian of Poland, being the most abundant spore found.
Minerisporites[113]	Minerisporites institus Minerisporites volucris Minerisporites richardsoni[107]	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Isoetaceae inside Lycopsida. Related to plant similar to Isoetes lacustris, present on flooded basins, and other ecosystems with relative abundant water supply.[115]
Echitriletes[116][110]	Echitriletes hispidus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Isoetaceae inside Lycopsida.
Erlansonisporites[113][107]	Erlansonisporites sparassis Erlansonisporites excavatus Erlansonisporites retieulatus Erlansonisporites sparassis Erlansonisporites reticulatus Erlansonisporites tegimentus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the genus Selaginella inside Selaginellaceae. Herbaceous Moss.[117] Relatively abundant Pollen Genera
Horstisporites[107]	Horstisporites areolatus Horstisporites planatus Horstisporites puteus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Less abundant than othe Lycophite Spores, its abundance increases near Deltaic deposits.
Trileites[107][110]	Trileites turbanaeformis Trileites murray Trileites calvus Trileites candoris Trileites pyramidalis Trileites solitus Trileites usitatus Triletes reticulatus Triletes datura Triletes litchi Triletes phyllicus Triletes retiarius Triletes richardsoni Triletes sparassis Triletes utilis Triletes wicheri	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Among the most abundant genera of Pollen present on the Formation and the south of Fennoscandia
Valvisisporites[110]	Valvisisporites auritus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. This herbaceous Lycophyte flora appears more on the southern boreholes, linked to large wood debris.
Maexisporites[110]	Maexisporites planatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Herbaceous flora spores linked to deltaic facies.
Striatriletes[110]	Striatriletes reticulatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida.
Foveosporites[109]	Foveosporites canalis	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Less abundant than other similar spores, found on a few samples on all the boreholes.
Klukisporites[109]	Klukisporites pseudoreticulatus Klukisporites variegatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Represents large spores from herbaceous lycophytes, that are more abundant on the south of the Toarcian polish basin than on the north.
Nathorstisporites[107][108][110]	Nathorstisporites hopliticus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Pleuromeiales inside Lycophyta. The Plueromeiales where tall Lycophites (2 to 6 m) common on the Trassic. Probably come from a relict genus.
Carnisporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Carnisporites granulatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Cynepteridaceae inside Schizaeaceae. Related to Ferns similar to Cynepteris, from the late triassic of North America.
Reticulatisporites[106]	Reticulatisporites arcuatus Reticulatisporites ornatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lygodiaceae inside Schizaeales. Spores nearly identical to that one found associated with the modern moss genus Lygodium. Arboreal moss related to high humid environments, being major fuel for peat fires.
Perinopollenites[109]	Perinopollenites elatoides	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Gymnospermopsida inside Tracheophyta. Pollen that resemble those of paleozoic genera such as Gangamopteris, with arboreal built.
Chasmatosporites[109]	Chasmatosporites apertus Chasmatosporites major	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Gymnospermopsida inside Tracheophyta. Pollen that resemble those of paleozoic genera such as Gangamopteris, with arboreal built.
Corrugatisporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Corrugatisporites amplectiformis Corrugatisporites scanicus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Filicopsida inside Monilophyta. Fern spores of uncertain placement
Ischyosporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Ischyosporites variegatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Polypodiidae inside Filicopsida. Fern spores of uncertain placement.
Leiotriletes[107][108][110][111][112]	Leiotriletes mecklenburgensis	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Polypodiidae inside Filicopsida. Fern spores of uncertain placement
Osmundacidites[6]	Osmundacidites wellmanii	Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Osmundaceae inside Pteridophyta. Spores nearly identical to that one found associated with the modern fern genus Osmunda. Members of the genus Osmunda have been found on coeval age strata on Sweden.
Crybelosporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Crybelosporites stylosus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Marsileaceae inside Salviniales. Represents spore from fully acuatic ferns, found associated with fluvial or deltaic deposits, where probably formed large underwater colonies.
Gleicheniidites[107][108][110][111][112]	Gleicheniidites carinatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Gleicheniaceae inside Polypodiidae. Resemble the modern Gleichenia Spores, and proably represent a similar genus or a member of it. Fern related to large colonies, found mostly on humid environments.
Marattisporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Marattisporites scabratus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Marattiaceae inside Polypodiidae. Resemble the modern Marattia spores, probably belonging to a similar genus, related with large sized herbaceous ferns of humid environments.
Camptotriletes[109]	Camptotriletes labirynthus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Marattiaceae inside Polypodiidae.
Matonisporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Matonisporites phlebopteroides	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Matoniaceae inside Polypodiidae. The so-called comb-ferns, found forming large colonies on humid settings.
Cyathidites[6][106]	Cyathidites minor	Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Cyatheaceae inside Cyatheales. Cyathidites minor almost certainly belong to well known Mesozoic species Coniopteris hymenophylloides and to other fossil cyatheaceous or dicksoniaceous ferns such as Eboracia lobifolia and Dicksonia mariopteri.
Cerebropollenites[107][108][110][111][112]	Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Mechowo borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the Gymnospermophyta inside Spermatophyta. Pollen from uncertain Gimnosperm affinities.
Eucommiidites[118]	Eucommiidites troedssonii	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the Cycadales inside Cycadopsida. Originally was trought to come from Angiosperms.
Psophosphaera[109]	Psophosphaera coniferoides	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the Cycadales inside Cycadopsida. Cycad Pollen, coming from arbustive to low arboreal flora.
Chasmatosporites[6][106]	Chasmatosporites apertus	Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Named originally Pollenites apertus, they resemble pollen grains of the genus Cycas. Later works refer them to modern pollen grains that proper of wrote that resemble ?Cycadopsida (?Cycadales), concretely the genus Encephalartos. Alternatively, can be Pollen from members of Ginkgopsida (?Gnetales).[119]
Bennettistemon[107][108][110][111][112][120]	Bennettistemon bursigerum	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the inside Cycadopsida.[120] Very abundant Pollen.
Pseudowalchia[109]	Pseudowalchia biangulina	Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Voltziales inside Coniferae. Primitive Conifer and possible relict taxon
Inaperturopollenites[107][108][110][111][112]	Inaperturopollenites laevis Inaperturopollenites turbatus Inaperturopollenites elatoides	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the Pinidae inside Coniferae.
Rotundipollenites[109]	Rotundipollenites laevis Rotundipollenites lineatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Pinaceae inside Coniferae.
Pityosporites[107][108][110][111][112]	Pityosporites haploxylon Pityosporites minimus Pityosporites alata Pityosporites alatipollenites Pityosporites silvestris	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Pinaceae inside Coniferae. Resemble modern Pinus Pollen, probably belonging to a similar Genus.
Quadraeculina[106]	Quadraeculina anellaeformis	Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Pinaceae inside Coniferae. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants, resembling the modern genus Picea
Tsugapollenites[6][106]	Tsugapollenites macroserratus Tsugaepollenites macroverrucosus	Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Abietoideae inside Coniferae. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants, resembling the pollen of the modern genus Tsuga
Sciadopityspollenites[6][106]	Sciadopityspollenites serratus	Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Sciadopityaceae inside Coniferae. This pollen resembles the present on the modern Cupressaceae Sciadopitys
Pseudopodocarpus[107][108][110][111][112]	Pseudopodocarpus sp.	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants
Pristinuspollenites[6][106]	Pristinuspollenites sulcatus	Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants
Classopollis[107][108][110][111][112]	Classopollis torosus Classopollis classoides	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferae. Is very abundant on hot and dry settings, found specially on the Brody-Lubienia Borehole.
Cupressacites[107][108][110][111][112]	Cupressacites subgranulatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the Cupressaceae inside Coniferae. The Pollen from this genus is similar to the present on the modern Fitzroya.
Applanopsipollenites[107][108][110][111][112]	Applanopsipollenites dampieri Applanopsipollenites trilobatus Applanopsipollenites segmentatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with the Araucariaceae inside Coniferae. Resemble the pollen from the modern genus Agathis.
Araucariacites[6][106]	Araucariacites australis	Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Araucariaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants
Tricolpites[116]	Tricolpites troedssonii Tricolpites gorzowiensis	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Angiospermae and probably Magnoliophyta. Possible pollen from primigenial Flowering plants or relatives
Clavatipollenites[109]	Clavatipollenites hughesii	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Pollen	Affinities with Angiospermae and probably Magnoliophyta. Possible pollen from primigenial Flowering plants or relatives

Megaflora

The Lublin Upland fluvial sandstones contain diverse types of fossil flora, associated genera and species only with Lower Jurassic sediments. Originally, while studying the Carboniferous flora from the boreholes in the area of the planned "Bogdanka" mine, appeared typical flora in similar to Jurassic formations.[121] The age of the plant material was not determined concretely until 2020, where was recovered as being Lower Toarcian in age (with some parts probably recovering Latest Pliensbachian strata).[122] Lublin lias is dominated by cycads and Bennetites Ginkgoales and pinnate, ferns occur sporadically, all on a conglomerate with numerous species occurs in the bottom of the Toarcian, where the deposits are filled with of coal, mudstone, sandstone and clay siderite (reworked from the Carboniferous), as well as pebbles from Devonian limestones.[123] Due to the fact that similar Boreholes and deposits nearby show similar characters it should be assumed that we have to dealing with the end of a river, that eroded the nearest Devonian-Carboniferous deposits (At the northeast), being brought by flowing waters and deposited in the aquatic environment-inland.[123] Vegetation mostly grew outside the sedimentation area, as well as on shores and shallows.[124]

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Equisetites[124][125]	Equisetites beani	Lublin Coal Basin	Stems	Affinities with the Equisetales inside Equisetopsida. Very rare. Local Equisetales obtained a considerable size, comparable to modern subtropical bamboos, close to lakes and in the wettest environments
Pachypteris[121][124][125]	Pachypteris lanceolata Pachypteris rhomboidalis	Lublin Coal Basin	Pinnae	Affinities with the Peltaspermales inside Pteridospermatophyta. Bipinnate leaves, rachis longitudinally striated, with a long petiole and secondary rachises inserted oppositely to suboppositely on the upper side of the primary rachis. This Leaves belong to large Aboreal Ferns related with dry environments.
Stenopteris[121][124][125]	Stenopteris (Rhaphidopteris?) duetschii	Lublin Coal Basin	Pinnae	Affinities with the Umkomasiaceae inside Pteridospermatophyta. Is very similar to Rhaphidopteris, characterized by usually bi-tripinnate, coriaceous leaves with narrow segments. It belongs to Large (up to 25 m tall) arboreal Fern-like plants.
Caytonia[121][125]	Caytonia sp	Lublin Coal Basin	Ovulate Structure	Affinities with the Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Represents the Ovulate organs or large Tree ferns, and is related with the middle Jurassic flora of United Kingdom.
Sagenopteris[124][125]	Sagenopteris sp	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Sagenopteris is most likely the Pinnae of the Tree Fern that also contain Caytonia.
Anomozamites[124][125]	Anomozamites cf. gracilis	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. Anomozamites is characterised by slender, (almost) completely and regularly segmented leaves whose leaflets are generally as long as broad or, at maximum, two times as long as broad. This genus is related with more arboreal Bennetitalean flora. Shows coriaceous leaves and is a genus linked more with dry climates.
Otozamites[124][125]	Otozamites beani Otozamites graphicus	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. A more arbustive type of Bennetite, abundant on the Pliensbachian-Toarcian strata along Eurasia, related to rather dry climates.
Nilssoniopteris[121][124][125]	Nilssoniopteris major Nilssoniopteris vittata	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. This Bennetite has a leaf similar to Nilssonia, large, lanceolate in outline with coriaceous structure, like the modern angiosperm Philodendron. Is related with rather Dry-hot environments, with less Fern flora.
Nilssonia[121][124][125]	Nilssonia compta Nilssonia orientalis Nilssonia polymorpha Nilssonia sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. The most abundant plant macrofossil locally, and the most diverse found on the Lublin coals. It represents a Cycad Like plant with Coriaceous leaves. Is related by some botanists with the Bennetite branch that led to Angiosperms.
Weltrichia[121][125]	Weltrichia spectabilis	Lublin Coal Basin	Bennetite "Flower"	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. The Bennetite flowers are the main organ that links this relatives with the Cycas with modern Angiosperms. Probably the Pollen assigned to Angiosperms come from plants with this "Flowers".
Pterophyllum[121][124][125]	Pterophyllum sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitopsida. Leaves from Arboreal Bennetites, similar to the modern Cyca Encephalartos woodii, with robust Trunks, built for Dry and hot climates.
Baiera[124][125]	Baiera digitata	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Leaves	Affinities with the Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoidae. Linked to the Hettangian-Sinemurian flora from Greenland and Skane, but also with coeval flora from the Sorthat Formation. Is the main Tree flora recovered locally.
Hirmeriella[124][125]	Hirmeriella sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Leaves	Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales. The type Leave from the Cheirolepidaceae family (as Cheirolepis, the genus that give name to the family, is a junior synonym), appears to be linked with Hot climates, able to survive in dry, extreme conditions, and been fire tolerant.

Footnotes

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Kopik J. and Marcinkiewicz T. 1997. Jura dolna: Biostratygrafia. In: S. Marek and M. Pajchlowa (Eds), The epicontinental Permian and Mesozoic in Poland (in Polish with English summary). Prace Paƒstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 153: 196-205.
Kopik, J. (1998). Lower and Middle Jurassic of the north-eastern margin of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 378, 67-129.
Barski, M., & Leonowicz, P. (2002). Dinoflagellates of Lower Jurassic outcrops at Kozłowice and Boroszów (southern Poland). Przegląd Geologiczny, 50(5), 411-414.
Pieńkowski, G., Hodbod, M., & Ullmann, C. V. (2016). Fungal decomposition of terrestrial organic matter accelerated Early Jurassic climate warming. Scientific reports, 6, 31930.
Rogalska,M. (1954) Spore and pollen analysis of the Liassic Coal of Blanowice in Upper Silesia [ Analyza sporowo-pylkowa Liasowego Wegla Blano-Wickiego z Gornego Slaska ] Biuletyn - Instytutu Geologiczny Vol. 89 P. 1- 46
Leonowicz, P. (2008). Trace fossils from the Lower Jurassic Ciechocinek Formation, SW Poland. Volumina Jurassica, 6(6), 89-98.
Keighley, D. G., & Pickerill, R. K. (1995). Commentary: the ichnotaxa Palaeophycus and Planolites: historical perspectives and recommendations.
Marcinkiewicz,T. (1971) The stratigraphy of the Rhaetian and Liasin Poland based on megaspore investigations [ Stratygrafia Retyku i Liasu w Polsce na Podstawie badan megasporowych. ] Prace Instytut Geologiczny,(Warsaw) Vol. 65 P. 1- 57
Denckmann, A. (1887). Ueber die geognostischen Verhältnisse der Umgegend von Dörnten nördlich Goslar: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fauna des oberen Lias (Vol. 8, No. 2). In Commission bei der S. Schropp'schen Hof-Landkartenhandlung (JH Neumann).
ZESSIN, W. (2010). Der Dobbertiner Jura (Lias ε, Mecklenburg) und seine Bedeutung für die Paläoentomologie. Virgo, Mitteilungsblatt des Entomologischen Vereins Mecklenburg, 13(1), 4-9.
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gollark: No, 160.

gollark: Or 3d6.

gollark: Or BTC.

gollark: No, Yemmel is.

gollark: Subjective.

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[1] Barth, G., Pieńkowski, G., Zimmermann, J., Franz, M., & Kuhlmann, G. (2018). Palaeogeographical evolution of the Lower Jurassic: high-resolution biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in the Central European Basin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 469(1), 341-369.

[Kopic-Marcinkiewicz-2] Kopik J. and Marcinkiewicz T. 1997. Jura dolna: Biostratygrafia. In: S. Marek and M. Pajchlowa (Eds), The epicontinental Permian and Mesozoic in Poland (in Polish with English summary). Prace Paƒstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 153: 196-205.

[Kopic-3] Kopik, J. (1998). Lower and Middle Jurassic of the north-eastern margin of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 378, 67-129.

[Dinoflaje-4] Barski, M., & Leonowicz, P. (2002). Dinoflagellates of Lower Jurassic outcrops at Kozłowice and Boroszów (southern Poland). Przegląd Geologiczny, 50(5), 411-414.

[Fungus-5] Pieńkowski, G., Hodbod, M., & Ullmann, C. V. (2016). Fungal decomposition of terrestrial organic matter accelerated Early Jurassic climate warming. Scientific reports, 6, 31930.

[Rogalka-6] Rogalska,M. (1954) Spore and pollen analysis of the Liassic Coal of Blanowice in Upper Silesia [ Analyza sporowo-pylkowa Liasowego Wegla Blano-Wickiego z Gornego Slaska ] Biuletyn - Instytutu Geologiczny Vol. 89 P. 1- 46

[Traces-7] Leonowicz, P. (2008). Trace fossils from the Lower Jurassic Ciechocinek Formation, SW Poland. Volumina Jurassica, 6(6), 89-98.

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