Jessica Tandy
Jessie Alice Tandy (7 June 1909 – 11 September 1994) was an English-American actress. Tandy appeared in over 100 stage productions and had more than 60 roles in film and TV, receiving such accolades as an Academy Award, four Tony Awards, a BAFTA, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award.[1][2]
Jessica Tandy | |
|---|---|
 Tandy, c. 1950s | |
| Born | Jessie Alice Tandy 7 June 1909 |
| Died | 11 September 1994 (aged 85) Easton, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Education | Guthrie Theater |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1927–1994 |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Children | 3 |
Born in London, she was only 18 when she made her professional debut on the London stage in 1927. During the 1930s, she acted in many plays in London's West End, playing roles such as Ophelia (opposite John Gielgud's legendary Hamlet) and Katherine (opposite Laurence Olivier's Henry V).[1]
During this period, she also worked in a number of British films. Following the end of her marriage to the British actor Jack Hawkins, she moved to New York City in 1940, where she met Canadian actor Hume Cronyn. He became her second husband and frequent partner on stage and screen.
She received the Tony Award for best performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for her performance as Blanche DuBois in the original Broadway production of A Streetcar Named Desire in 1948. Tandy shared the prize with Katharine Cornell (who won for the female lead in Antony and Cleopatra) and Judith Anderson (for the latter's portrayal of Medea) in a three-way tie for the award. Over the following three decades, her career continued sporadically and included a supporting role in Alfred Hitchcock's horror film, The Birds (1963), and a Tony Award-winning performance in The Gin Game (1977, playing in the two-hander play opposite Hume Cronyn). Along with Cronyn, she was a member of the original acting company of the Guthrie Theater.[3]
In the mid-1980s she had a career revival. She appeared with Cronyn in the Broadway production of Foxfire in 1983 and its television adaptation four years later, winning both a Tony Award and an Emmy Award for her portrayal of Annie Nations. During these years, she appeared in films such as Cocoon (1985), also with Cronyn.[2]
She became the oldest actress to receive the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Driving Miss Daisy (1989), for which she also won a BAFTA and a Golden Globe, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Fried Green Tomatoes (1991). At the height of her success, she was named as one of People's "50 Most Beautiful People". She was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 1990, and continued working until shortly before her death.
Early life
The youngest of three siblings, Tandy was born in Geldeston Road in Hackney, London to Harry Tandy and his wife, Jessie Helen Horspool.[4] Her mother was from a large fenland family in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, and the head of a school for mentally handicapped children, and her father was a travelling salesman for a rope manufacturer.[5] She was educated at Dame Alice Owen's School in Islington.
Her father died when she was 12, and her mother subsequently taught evening courses to earn an income. Her brother Edward was later a prisoner of war of the Japanese in the Far East.[6]
Acting career
Tandy began her career at the age of 18 in London,[1] establishing herself with performances opposite such actors as Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud. She entered films in Britain, but after her marriage to Jack Hawkins failed, she moved to the United States hoping to find better roles. During her time as a leading actress on the stage in London she often had to fight for roles over her two rivals, Peggy Ashcroft and Celia Johnson.[7] In 1942, she married Hume Cronyn and over the following years played supporting roles in several Hollywood films. Tandy became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1952.
Like many stage actors, Tandy also worked in radio. Among other programs, she was a regular on Mandrake the Magician[8] (as Princess Nada), and then with husband Hume Cronyn in The Marriage[9] which ran on radio from 1953–54, and then segued onto television.
She made her American film debut in The Seventh Cross (1944). The Hollywood studio system did not know what to do with Tandy. Failing to gain leading roles, she was relegated to supporting appearances in The Valley of Decision (1945), The Green Years (1946, as Cronyn's daughter), Dragonwyck (1946) starring Gene Tierney and Vincent Price and Forever Amber (1947).[2] She had a flashy role as the insomniac murderess in the 1948 film-noir adapted by Aldous Huxley from his short story “The Gioconda Smile”.
Over the next three decades, her film career continued sporadically while she found better roles on the stage. Her roles during this time included The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951) opposite James Mason, The Light in the Forest (1958), and a role as a domineering mother in Alfred Hitchcock's film, The Birds (1963).[2]
On Broadway, she won a Tony Award for her performance as Blanche Dubois in the original Broadway production of A Streetcar Named Desire in 1948. After this (she lost the film role to actress Vivien Leigh), she concentrated on the stage. In 1976, she and Cronyn joined the acting company of the Stratford Festival, and returned in 1980 to debut Cronyn's play Foxfire.[10][11] In 1977, she earned her second Tony Award, for her performance (with Cronyn) in The Gin Game and her third Tony in 1982 for her performance, again with Cronyn, in Foxfire.
The beginning of the 1980s saw a resurgence in her film career, with character roles in The World According to Garp, Best Friends, Still of the Night (all 1982) and The Bostonians (1984). She and Cronyn were now working together more regularly on stage and television, including the films Cocoon (1985), *batteries not included (1987) and Cocoon: The Return (1988) and the Emmy Award winning television film Foxfire (1987, recreating her Tony winning Broadway role).[2]
However, it was her colourful performance in Driving Miss Daisy (1989), as an ageing, stubborn Southern-Jewish matron, that earned her an Oscar.[12]
She received a Best Supporting Actress nomination for her work in the grassroots hit Fried Green Tomatoes (1991), and co-starred in The Story Lady (1991 TV film, with her daughter Tandy Cronyn), Used People (1992, as Shirley MacLaine's mother), television film To Dance with the White Dog (1993, with Cronyn), Camilla (1994, with Cronyn). Nobody's Fool (1994) proved to be her last performance, at the age of 84.[2]
Other awards
Tandy was chosen by People magazine as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the world in 1990.[13]
- 1979 – Induction into the American Theatre Hall of Fame[14]
- 1979 – Sarah Siddons Award Chicago theatre
- 1986 – Drama Desk Special Award
- 1986 – Kennedy Center Honors Recipient.
- 1990 – National Medal of Arts
- 1991 – Women in Film Crystal Award[15]
- 1994 – Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement shared with her husband, Hume Cronyn
Personal life
In 1932 Tandy married English actor Jack Hawkins[16] and together they had a daughter, Susan Hawkins (1934–2004).[17] Susan became an actress and was the daughter-in-law of John Moynihan Tettemer, a former Passionist monk who authored I Was a Monk: The Autobiography of John Tettemer, and was cast in small roles in Lost Horizon and Meet John Doe.[18] After Tandy and Hawkins divorced in 1940, she then married her second husband, Canadian actor Hume Cronyn, in 1942. Prior to moving to Connecticut, she lived with Cronyn for many years in nearby Pound Ridge, New York, and they remained together until her death in 1994. They had two children, daughter Tandy Cronyn, an actress who would co-star with her mother in the TV film The Story Lady, and son Christopher Cronyn.
Death
In 1990, she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and she also suffered from angina and glaucoma. Despite her illnesses and age she continued working. On 11 September 1994 she died at home in Easton, Connecticut, at the age of 85.[19][20][21]
Work
U.S. stage credits
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | The Matriarch | Toni Rakonitz | |
| 1930 | The Last Enemy | Cynthia Perry | |
| 1938 | Time and the Conways | Kay | |
| 1939 | The White Steed | Nora Fintry | |
| 1940 | Geneva | Deaconess | |
| 1940 | Jupiter Laughs | Dr. Mary Murray | |
| 1941 | Anne of England | Abigail Hill | |
| 1942 | Yesterday's Magic | daughter Cattrin | |
| 1947 | A Streetcar Named Desire | Blanche DuBois | Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play |
| 1950 | Hilda Crane | Hilda Crane | |
| 1951 | Madam, Will You Walk | Mary Doyle | |
| 1951 | The Fourposter | Agnes | |
| 1955 | The Man in the Dog Suit | Martha Walling | |
| 1955 | The Honeys | Mary | |
| 1959 | Triple Play | In Bedtime Story: Angela Nightingale
In Portrait of a Madonna: Miss Lucretia Collins In A Pound on Demand: The Public | |
| 1959 | Five Finger Exercise | Louise Harrington | |
| 1964 | The Physicists | Fraulein Doktor Mathilde von Zahnd | |
| 1966 | A Delicate Balance | Agnes | |
| 1970 | Camino Real | Marguerite Gautier | |
| 1970 | Home | Marjorie | |
| 1971 | All Over | The Wife | |
| 1972 | Not I[22] | Mouth | Obie Award for Best Actress |
| 1974 | Noël Coward in Two Keys | In A Song at Twilight: Hilde Latymer
In Come Into the Garden, Maud: Anna Mary Conklin |
|
| 1977 | The Gin Game | Fonsia Dorsey | Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play |
| 1981 | Rose | Mother | Nominated—Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play Nominated—Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play |
| 1982 | Foxfire | Annie Nations | Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play |
| 1983 | The Glass Menagerie | Amanda Wingfield | |
| 1986 | The Petition | Lady Elizabeth Milne | Nominated—Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play |
Filmography
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1932 | The Indiscretions of Eve | Maid | |
| 1938 | Murder in the Family | Ann Osborne | |
| 1944 | The Seventh Cross | Liesel Roeder | |
| 1944 | Blonde Fever | Diner at Inn | Uncredited |
| 1945 | The Valley of Decision | Louise Kane | |
| 1946 | The Green Years | Kate Leckie | |
| 1946 | Dragonwyck | Peggy O'Malley | |
| 1947 | Forever Amber | Nan Britton | |
| 1948 | A Woman's Vengeance | Janet Spence | |
| 1950 | September Affair | Catherine Lawrence | |
| 1951 | The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel | Frau Lucie Maria Rommel | |
| 1956 | Producers' Showcase | Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie | |
| 1957 | The Glass Eye | Julia Lester | Short film presented in "Alfred Hitchcock Presents" |
| 1958 | The Light in the Forest | Myra Butler | |
| 1962 | Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man | Helen Adams | Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture |
| 1963 | The Birds | Lydia Brenner | |
| 1975 | Bicentennial Minute for August 31, 1775, Destruction of Boston's Liberty Tree | Herself | CBS Television Network, August 31, 1975 - Sponsor: Royal Dutch Shell |
| 1976 | Butley | Edna Shaft | |
| 1981 | Honky Tonk Freeway | Carol | |
| 1982 | The World According to Garp | Mrs. Fields | |
| 1982 | Still of the Night | Grace Rice | |
| 1982 | Best Friends | Eleanor McCullen | |
| 1984 | The Bostonians | Miss Birdseye | |
| 1984 | Terror in the Aisles | Herself | Archival footage |
| 1985 | Cocoon | Alma Finley | Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Actress |
| 1987 | Foxfire | Annie Nations | TV movie Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie |
| 1987 | *batteries not included | Faye Riley | Saturn Award for Best Actress |
| 1988 | The House on Carroll Street | Miss Venable | |
| 1988 | Cocoon: The Return | Alma Finley | Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Actress |
| 1989 | Driving Miss Daisy | Daisy Werthan | Academy Award for Best Actress BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actress Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress Silver Bear for the Best Joint Performance (with Morgan Freeman)[23] Nominated—American Comedy Award for Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture Nominated—National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress Nominated—New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress |
| 1991 | The Story Lady | Grace McQueen | TV movie Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film |
| 1991 | Fried Green Tomatoes | Ninny Threadgoode | Nominated—Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated—American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture |
| 1992 | Used People | Freida | |
| 1993 | To Dance with the White Dog | Cora Peek | Television movie Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie |
| 1994 | A Century of Cinema | Herself | documentary |
| 1994 | Camilla | Camilla Cara | Released posthumously |
| 1994 | Nobody's Fool | Beryl Peoples | Released posthumously, (final film role) |
*Re-issued on DVD as The Christmas Story Lady
Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | Alfred Hitchcock Presents | Edwina Freel | Episode: "Toby" |
| 1957 | Alfred Hitchcock Presents | Julia Lester | Episode: "The Glass Eye" |
| 1958 | Alfred Hitchcock Presents | Laura Bowlby | Episode: "The Canary Sedan" |
| 1994 | ER | Mrs Backer | Episode: "Going Home" |
References
- Berger, Marilyn (12 September 1994). "Jessica Tandy, a Patrician Star Of Theater and Film, Dies at 85". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- Jessica Tandy on IMDb
- ""A History of the Guthrie Theater"" (PDF).
- Jessica Tandy's family to unveil plaque to commemorate star's Hackney birthplace 19 November 1998; accessed 10 May 2007
- The Academy Awards: A Look At Jessica Tandy, oup.com, February 2007.
- Kelly, Terence Living with Japanese Kellan Press 1977, p. 136; ISBN 0953019306 with photo
- At Home with Cronyn and Tandy New York Times accessed 12/9/2016
- Cronyn, Hume (1991). Terrible Liar. New York: William Morrow and Company. p. 159. ISBN 0688128440.
- Cronyn, Hume (1991). Terrible Liar. New York: William Morrow and Company. pp. 253–54. ISBN 0688128440.
- "Jessica Tandy acting credits". Stratford Festival Archives. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- Blackadar, Bruce (10 May 1980). "Hume Cronyn turns playwright with Foxfire". Toronto Star. p. F1.
- "Miss Daisy, Jessica Tandy Win Top Oscars". Chicago Tribune. 27 March 1990. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- "Beautiful Through the Years". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- Notes for Jessica Tandy, tcm.com; accessed July 11, 2016.
- "Past Recipients: Crystal Award". Women In Film. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- "Jessica Tandy." Internet Movie Database (IMDb.com): Accessed May 5, 2018.
- "Susan Hawkins." Internet Movie Database: Accessed May 5, 2018.
- "John Tettemer," in "AFI Catalog." Los Angeles, California: American Film Institute, accessed May 5, 2018.
- Berger, Marilyn. "Jessica Tandy, a Patrician Star Of Theater and Film, Dies at 85". The NY Times on the Web. The NY Times Co. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- Shipman, David. "Obituary: Jessica Tandy". The Independent. The Independent. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- Times Staff Writer. "From the Archives: Jessica Tandy, Star of Stage, Screen and TV, Dies at 85". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- Educational Theatre Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Mar., 1973), pp. 102–104
- "Berlinale: 1990 Prize Winners". berlinale.de (in German). Retrieved 17 March 2011.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jessica Tandy. |
- Jessica Tandy at Find a Grave
- Jessica Tandy at the Internet Broadway Database
- Jessica Tandy at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Jessica Tandy on IMDb
- Movie Magazine International Tribute
- Lifetime Honors – National Medal of Arts
- Obituary—The New York Times, 12 September 1994
- Katharine Cronyn Harley fonds (R11163) at Library and Archives Canada. The fonds includes many records related to Jessica Tandy and Hume Cronyn.