Dave Brubeck

David Warren Brubeck (/ˈbruːbɛk/; December 6, 1920 – December 5, 2012) was an American jazz pianist and composer, considered one of the foremost exponents of cool jazz. Many of his compositions have become jazz standards including "In Your Own Sweet Way" and "The Duke". Brubeck's style ranged from refined to bombastic, reflecting both his mother's classical training and his own improvisational skills. His music is known for employing unusual time signatures as well as superimposing contrasting rhythms, meters, and tonalities.

Dave Brubeck
Brubeck in 1964
Background information
Birth name	David Warren Brubeck
Born	(1920-12-06)December 6, 1920 Concord, California, U.S.
Died	December 5, 2012(2012-12-05) (aged 91) Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.
Genres	Jazz, cool jazz, West Coast jazz, third stream
Occupation(s)	Musician, composer, bandleader
Instruments	Piano
Years active	1940s–2012
Labels	Columbia, Legacy, Sony, Concord, A&M, Atlantic
Associated acts	Paul Desmond, Eugene Wright, Joe Morello, Gerry Mulligan
Website	davebrubeck.com

Brubeck experimented with time signatures throughout his career, recording "Pick Up Sticks" in ⁶
₄, "Unsquare Dance" in ⁷
₄, "World's Fair" in ¹³
₄, and "Blue Rondo à la Turk" in ⁹
₈. He was also a composer of orchestral and sacred music and wrote soundtracks for television, such as Mr. Broadway and the animated miniseries This Is America, Charlie Brown.

Often incorrectly attributed to Brubeck, the song "Take Five", which has become a jazz standard, was composed by Brubeck's long-time musical partner, alto saxophonist Paul Desmond.[1] Appearing on one of the top-selling jazz albums, Time Out, and written in ⁵
₄ time, "Take Five" has endured as a jazz classic associated with Brubeck.[2]

Early life and career

Dave Brubeck was born in the San Francisco Bay Area city of Concord, California,[1] and grew up in a city located in the Mother Lode called Ione, California. His father, Peter Howard "Pete" Brubeck, was a cattle rancher, and his mother, Elizabeth (née Ivey), who had studied piano in England under Myra Hess and intended to become a concert pianist, taught piano for extra money.[3]

His father had Swiss ancestry (the family surname was originally Brodbeck) and possibly Native American Modoc lineage,[4] while his maternal grandparents were English and German.[5][6][7] Brubeck originally did not intend to become a musician (his two older brothers, Henry and Howard, were already on that track), but took lessons from his mother. He could not read music during these early lessons, attributing this difficulty to poor eyesight, but "faked" his way through well enough that this deficiency went mostly unnoticed.[8]

Intending to work with his father on their ranch, Brubeck entered the College of the Pacific in Stockton, California (now the University of the Pacific), studying veterinary science. He changed to music on the urging of the head of zoology, Dr. Arnold, who told him "Brubeck, your mind's not here. It's across the lawn in the conservatory. Please go there. Stop wasting my time and yours."[9] Later, Brubeck was nearly expelled when one of his professors discovered that he could not read music on sight. Several of his professors came forward, arguing that his ability to write counterpoint and harmony more than compensated, and demonstrated his familiarity with music notation. The college was still afraid that it would cause a scandal, and agreed to let Brubeck graduate only after he had promised never to teach piano.[10]

After graduating in 1942, Brubeck was drafted into the U.S. Army. He served in Europe in the Third Army. He volunteered to play piano at a Red Cross show and was such a hit that he was spared from combat service and ordered to form a band. He created one of the U.S. armed forces' first racially integrated bands, "The Wolfpack".[10] It was in the military, in 1944, that Brubeck met Paul Desmond.[11] After serving nearly four years in the army, he returned to California for graduate study at Mills College in Oakland. He was a student of Darius Milhaud, who encouraged him to study fugue and orchestration, but not classical piano. While on active duty, he received two lessons from Arnold Schoenberg at UCLA in an attempt to connect with high modernist theory and practice.[12] However, the encounter did not end on good terms since Schoenberg believed that every note should be accounted for, an approach which Brubeck could not accept, although according to his son Chris Brubeck, there is a twelve-tone row in The Light in the Wilderness, Dave Brubeck's first oratorio. In it, Jesus's twelve disciples are introduced each singing their own individual notes; it is described as “quite dramatic, especially when Judas starts singing 'Repent' on a high and straining dissonant note”.[13]

Jack Sheedy owned San Francisco-based Coronet Records, which had previously recorded area Dixieland bands. (This Coronet Records should not be confused with either the late 1950s New York-based budget label, nor with Australia-based Coronet Records.) In 1949, Sheedy was talked into making the first recording of Brubeck's octet and later his trio. But Sheedy was unable to pay his bills and in 1949 turned his masters over to his record stamping company, the Circle Record Company, owned by Max and Sol Weiss. The Weiss brothers soon changed the name of their business to Fantasy Records.

These initial Brubeck records sold well, and he recorded and issued new records for Fantasy. Soon the company was shipping 40,000 to 50,000 copies of Brubeck records each quarter, making enormous profits.[14]

Dave Brubeck Quartet

Dave Brubeck Quartet
The Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1967; left to right: Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond
Background information
Origin	San Francisco, California, United States
Genres	Jazz
Years active	1951–2012
Website	davebrubeck.com
Past members	Dave Brubeck Paul Desmond Bob Bates Joe Dodge Ron Crotty Lloyd Davis Joe Morello Norman Bates Eugene Wright Gerry Mulligan Jack Six Alan Dawson Darius Brubeck Chris Brubeck Dan Brubeck Bobby Militello Alec Dankworth Michael Moore Randy Jones

The quartet in 1959 during the Time Out sessions. From left to right: Joe Morello, Paul Desmond, Dave Brubeck, Eugene Wright.

In 1951, Brubeck damaged several neck vertebrae and his spinal cord while diving into the surf in Hawaii. He would later remark that the rescue workers who responded had described him as a "DOA" (dead on arrival). Brubeck recovered after a few months, but suffered with residual nerve pain in his hands for years after.[15] The injury also influenced his playing style towards complex, blocky chords rather than speedy, high-dexterity, single-note runs.

Brubeck organized the Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1951, with Paul Desmond on alto saxophone. They took up a long residency at San Francisco's Black Hawk nightclub and gained great popularity touring college campuses, recording a series of albums with such titles as Jazz at Oberlin (1953), Jazz at the College of the Pacific (1953), and Brubeck's debut on Columbia Records, Jazz Goes to College (1954).

When Brubeck signed with Fantasy Records, he thought he had a half interest in the company and he worked as a sort of A & R man for the label, encouraging the Weiss brothers to sign other contemporary jazz performers, including Gerry Mulligan, Chet Baker and Red Norvo. When he discovered that all he owned was a half interest in his own recording, he quit to sign with another label, Columbia Records.[16]

In 1954, he was featured on the cover of Time, the second jazz musician to be so honored (the first was Louis Armstrong on February 21, 1949).[17] Brubeck personally found this accolade embarrassing, since he considered Duke Ellington more deserving of it and was convinced that he had been favored for being Caucasian.[18] Ellington himself knocked on the door of Brubeck's hotel room to show him the cover and the only reaction Brubeck could give was, “It should have been you.”[19]

Early bassists for the group included Ron Crotty, Bob Bates and his brother Norman Bates; Lloyd Davis and Joe Dodge held the drum chair. In 1956 Brubeck hired drummer Joe Morello, who had been working with Marian McPartland; Morello's presence made possible the rhythmic experiments that were to come. In 1958 African-American bassist Eugene Wright joined for the group's U.S. Department of State tour of Europe and Asia.[20] The group visited Poland, Turkey, India, Sri Lanka (then Ceylon), Pakistan, Iran and Iraq on behalf of the U.S. Government. They spent two weeks in Poland, giving thirteen concerts and spending time visiting with Polish musicians and citizens as part of the People-to-People program. [21] Wright became a permanent member in 1959, making the "classic" Quartet's personnel complete. During the late 1950s and early 1960s Brubeck canceled several concerts because the club owners or hall managers continued to resist the idea of an integrated band on their stages. He also canceled a television appearance when he found out that the producers intended to keep Wright off-camera.[22]

In 1959, the Dave Brubeck Quartet recorded Time Out, an album about which the record label was enthusiastic but which they were nonetheless hesitant to release. Featuring the cover art of S. Neil Fujita, the album contained all original compositions, almost none of which were in common time: ⁹
₈, ⁵
₄, ³
₄, and ⁶
₄ were used, inspired by Eurasian folk music they experienced during their 1958 Department of State sponsored tour.[23] Nonetheless, on the strength of these unusual time signatures (the album included "Take Five", "Blue Rondo à la Turk", and "Three To Get Ready"), it quickly went Platinum. It was the first jazz album to sell more than a million copies.[24]

Time Out was followed by several albums with a similar approach, including Time Further Out: Miro Reflections (1961), using more ⁵
₄, ⁶
₄, and ⁹
₈, plus the first attempt at ⁷
₄; Countdown—Time in Outer Space (dedicated to John Glenn, 1962), featuring ¹¹
₄ and more ⁷
₄; Time Changes (1963), with much ³
₄, ¹⁰
₄ (which was really 5+5), and ¹³
₄; and Time In (1966).

These albums (except the last) were also known for using contemporary paintings as cover art, featuring the work of Joan Miró on Time Further Out, Franz Kline on Time in Outer Space, and Sam Francis on Time Changes.

On a handful of albums in the early 1960s, clarinetist Bill Smith replaced Desmond. These albums were devoted to Smith's compositions and thus had a somewhat different aesthetic than other Brubeck Quartet albums. Nonetheless, according to critic Ken Dryden, "[Smith] proves himself very much in Desmond's league with his witty solos".[25] Smith was an old friend of Brubeck's; they would record together, intermittently, from the 1940s until the final years of Brubeck's career.

In the early 1960s, Brubeck and his wife, Iola, developed a jazz musical, The Real Ambassadors, based in part on experiences they and their colleagues had during foreign tours on behalf of the Department of State. The soundtrack album, which featured Louis Armstrong, Lambert, Hendricks & Ross, and Carmen McRae was recorded in 1961; the musical was performed at the 1962 Monterey Jazz Festival.

At its peak in the early 1960s, the Brubeck Quartet was releasing as many as four albums a year. Apart from the "College" and the "Time" series, Brubeck recorded four LPs featuring his compositions based on the group's travels, and the local music they encountered. Jazz Impressions of the U.S.A. (1956, Morello's debut with the group), Jazz Impressions of Eurasia (1958), Jazz Impressions of Japan (1964), and Jazz Impressions of New York (1964) are less well-known albums, but all are brilliant examples of the quartet's studio work, and they produced Brubeck standards such as "Summer Song", "Brandenburg Gate", "Koto Song", and "Theme From Mr. Broadway". (Brubeck wrote, and the Quartet performed, the theme song for this Craig Stevens CBS drama series; the music from the series became material for the New York album.) In 1961, Brubeck appeared in a few scenes of the British jazz/beat film All Night Long, which starred Patrick McGoohan and Richard Attenborough. Brubeck merely plays himself, with the film featuring close-ups of his piano fingerings. Brubeck performs "It's a Raggy Waltz" from the Time Further Out album and duets briefly with bassist Charles Mingus in "Non-Sectarian Blues".

In the early 1960s Dave Brubeck was the program director of WJZZ-FM radio (now WEZN-FM). He achieved his vision of an all-jazz format radio station along with his friend and neighbor John E. Metts, one of the first African Americans in senior radio management. The final studio album for Columbia by the Desmond/Wright/Morello quartet was Anything Goes (1966) featuring the songs of Cole Porter. A few concert recordings followed, and The Last Time We Saw Paris (1967) was the "Classic" Quartet's swan-song.

Members

Years	Lineup
1951–1956	Dave Brubeck – piano Bob Bates – double bass Paul Desmond – alto saxophone Joe Dodge – drums
1953 (Jazz at Oberlin)	Dave Brubeck – piano Paul Desmond – alto saxophone Ron Crotty – double bass Lloyd Davis – drums
1956–1958	Dave Brubeck – piano Paul Desmond – alto saxophone Norman Bates – double bass Joe Morello – drums
1958–1968 (Classic quartet)	Dave Brubeck – piano Paul Desmond – alto saxophone Joe Morello – drums Eugene Wright – double bass (also credited "Gene Wright")
1968–1972 ("The Dave Brubeck Trio & Gerry Mulligan")	Dave Brubeck – piano Alan Dawson – drums Gerry Mulligan – baritone saxophone Jack Six – double bass Additional personnel Paul Desmond – alto saxophone (October 1972 quintet for We're All Together Again)
1972–1978 ("The New Brubeck Quartet")	Dave Brubeck – piano Chris Brubeck – bass trombone, electric fretless bass Dan Brubeck – drums (also credited "Daniel Brubeck") Darius Brubeck – piano, electric piano, clavinet, electric organ, synthesizer Additional personnel Paul Desmond – alto saxophone (guest soloist on some concerts) Gerry Mulligan – baritone saxophone (guest soloist on some concerts) Jerry Bergonzi – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings) Perry Robinson – clarinet (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings) Peter "Madcat" Ruth – harmonicas, Jaw harp (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings) Muruga Booker = drums, percussion (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings)
1976–1977 (Classic quartet reunion – 25th anniversary)	Dave Brubeck – piano Paul Desmond – alto saxophone Joe Morello – drums Eugene Wright – double bass
1977–Early 2000s	Dave Brubeck – piano Chris Brubeck – bass trombone, electric upright bass, electric fretless bass Dan Brubeck – drums Darius Brubeck – piano, electric piano Additional personnel Matthew Brubeck – cello (guest on a few sets) Randy Jones – drums (guest on some sets) Bobby Militello – alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, flute (guest, such as 1993's Late Night Brubeck) Jack Six – double bass (guest on some sets) Bill Smith – clarinet (guest, such as 1982's Concord On A Summer Night, 1984's For Iola, 1986's Reflections, 1987's Blue Rondo, Moscow Nights and In Moscow)
1978–1982	Dave Brubeck – piano Jerry Bergonzi – tenor saxophone & soprano saxophone Chris Brubeck – electric fretless bass, bass trombone Butch Miles – drums (1978–1980, recorded live on Back Home at the 1979 Concord Jazz Festival) Randy Jones – drums (1980–2012)
Early 2000s–2012	Dave Brubeck – piano Randy Jones – drums (1980–2012) Bobby Militello – alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, flute (1982–2012), Michael Moore – double bass (2001–2012)

Later career

Brubeck produced The Gates of Justice in 1968, a cantata mixing Biblical scripture with the words of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The new senior management at Columbia Records decided not to renew Brubeck's contract in 1971, as they wished to focus on rock music. He moved to Atlantic Records.[26] His music was used in the 1985 film Ordeal by Innocence. He also composed for – and performed with his ensemble on – "The NASA Space Station", a 1988 episode of the CBS TV series This Is America, Charlie Brown.[27]

Personal life

Brubeck in 2004

Brubeck in Ludwigshafen, Germany, in 2005

Dave Brubeck married jazz lyricist Iola Whitlock in September 1942; the couple were married for 70 years up until his death. Iola died on March 12, 2014, from cancer in Wilton, Connecticut, at the age of 90.[28][29]

Four of Brubeck's six children have been professional musicians. Darius, the eldest, is a pianist, producer, educator and performer. (He was named after Dave Brubeck's mentor Darius Milhaud.[30]) Dan is a percussionist, Chris is a multi-instrumentalist and composer. Matthew, the youngest, is a cellist with an extensive list of composing and performance credits. Another son, Michael, died in 2009.[15][31] Brubeck's children often joined him in concerts and in the recording studio.

Brubeck became a Catholic in 1980, shortly after completing the Mass To Hope which had been commissioned by Ed Murray, editor of the national Catholic weekly Our Sunday Visitor. Although he had spiritual interests before that time, he said, "I didn't convert to Catholicism, because I wasn't anything to convert from. I just joined the Catholic Church."[32] In 1996, he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2006, Brubeck was awarded the University of Notre Dame's Laetare Medal, the oldest and most prestigious[33] honor given to American Catholics, during the University's commencement. He performed "Travellin' Blues" for the graduating class of 2006.

Brubeck founded the Brubeck Institute with his wife, Iola, at their alma mater, the University of the Pacific in 2000. What began as a special archive, consisting of the personal document collection of the Brubecks, has since expanded to provide fellowships and educational opportunities in jazz for students, also leading to having one of the main streets on which the school resides named in his honor, Dave Brubeck Way.[34]

The US Library of Congress conducted a conversation with Brubeck in April 2008: Jazz Conversation: Pianist, Composer Dave Brubeck.

Recognition

Dave Brubeck (third from left), among Kennedy Center honorees 2009, flanked by President and Mrs. Obama at the Blue Room, White House, December 6, 2009 (his 89th birthday)

The main-belt asteroid 5079 Brubeck was named after Brubeck.[35]

Brubeck recorded five of the seven tracks of his album Jazz Goes to College in Ann Arbor. He returned to Michigan many times, including a performance at Hill Auditorium where he received a Distinguished Artist Award from the University of Michigan's Musical Society in 2006. On April 8, 2008, United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice presented Brubeck with a "Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy" for offering an American "vision of hope, opportunity and freedom" through his music.[36] "As a little girl I grew up on the sounds of Dave Brubeck because my dad was your biggest fan", said Rice.[37] The State Department said in a statement that "as a pianist, composer, cultural emissary and educator, Dave Brubeck's life's work exemplifies the best of America's cultural diplomacy".[36] At the ceremony Brubeck played a brief recital for the audience at the State Department.[36] "I want to thank all of you because this honor is something that I never expected. Now I am going to play a cold piano with cold hands", Brubeck stated.[36]

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced on May 28, 2008, that Brubeck would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. The induction ceremony occurred December 10, and he was inducted alongside eleven other famous Californians.[38]

In 2008 Brubeck became a supporter of the Jazz Foundation of America in its mission to save the homes and the lives of elderly jazz and blues musicians, including those who had survived Hurricane Katrina.[39] Brubeck supported the Jazz Foundation by performing in its annual benefit concert "A Great Night in Harlem".[40] On October 18, 2008, Brubeck received an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the prestigious Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York.

Dave Brubeck at the White House for the 2009 Kennedy Center Honors

In September 2009, the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts announced Brubeck as a Kennedy Center Honoree for exhibiting excellence in performance arts.[41] The Kennedy Center Honors Gala took place on Sunday, December 6 (Brubeck's 89th birthday), and was broadcast nationwide on CBS on December 29 at 9:00 pm EST. When the award was made, President Barack Obama recalled a 1971 concert Brubeck had given in Honolulu and said, "You can't understand America without understanding jazz, and you can't understand jazz without understanding Dave Brubeck."[15]

On September 20, 2009, at the Monterey Jazz Festival, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus. honoris causa) from Berklee College of Music.[42]

On May 16, 2010, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (honoris causa) from the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. The ceremony took place on the National Mall.[43]

On July 5, 2010, Brubeck was awarded the Miles Davis Award at the Montreal International Jazz Festival.[44] In 2010, Bruce Ricker and Clint Eastwood produced Dave Brubeck: In His Own Sweet Way, a documentary about Brubeck for Turner Classic Movies (TCM) to commemorate his 90th birthday in December 2010.[45]

Death and legacy

Brubeck died of heart failure on December 5, 2012, in Norwalk, Connecticut, one day before his 92nd birthday. He was on his way to a cardiology appointment, accompanied by his son Darius.[46] A birthday party concert had been planned for him with family and famous guests.[47] A memorial tribute was held in May 2013.[48]

The Los Angeles Times noted that he "was one of Jazz's first pop stars", even though he was not always happy with his fame. He felt uncomfortable, for example, that Time had featured him on the cover[49] before it did so for Duke Ellington, saying, "It just bothered me."[50] The New York Times noted he had continued to play well into his old age, performing in 2011 and in 2010 only a month after getting a pacemaker, with Times music writer Nate Chinen commenting that Brubeck had replaced "the old hammer-and-anvil attack with something almost airy" and that his playing at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City was "the picture of judicious clarity".[31]

In The Daily Telegraph, music journalist Ivan Hewett wrote: "Brubeck didn't have the réclame of some jazz musicians who lead tragic lives. He didn't do drugs or drink. What he had was endless curiosity combined with stubbornness", adding: "His work list is astonishing, including oratorios, musicals and concertos, as well as hundreds of jazz compositions. This quiet man of jazz was truly a marvel."[51]

In The Guardian, John Fordham said "Brubeck's real achievement was to blend European compositional ideas, very demanding rhythmic structures, jazz song-forms and improvisation in expressive and accessible ways. His son Chris told The Guardian "when I hear Chorale, it reminds me of the very best Aaron Copland, something like Appalachian Spring. There's a sort of American honesty to it."[52] Robert Christgau dubbed Brubeck the "jazz hero of the rock and roll generation".[53]

The Economist wrote: "Above all they found it hard to believe that the most successful jazz in America was being played by a family man, a laid-back Californian, modest, gentle and open, who would happily have been a rancher all his days—except that he couldn't live without performing, because the rhythm of jazz, under all his extrapolation and exploration, was, he had discovered, the rhythm of his heart."[54]

The Concord Boulevard Park in his hometown of Concord, California, was renamed to "Dave Brubeck Memorial Park" in his honor. Mayor Dan Helix favorably recalled one of his performances at the park, saying: "He will be with us forever because his music will never die."[55]

While on tour performing "Hot House" in Toronto, Chick Corea and Gary Burton completed a tribute to Brubeck on the day of his death. Corea played "Strange Meadow Lark", from Brubeck's album Time Out.[56]

Brubeck is interred at Umpawaug Cemetery in Redding, Connecticut.[57][58]

In the United States, May 4 is informally observed as "Dave Brubeck Day". In the format most commonly used in the U.S., May 4 is written "5/4", recalling the time signature of "Take Five", Brubeck's best known recording.[59] In September 2019, musicologist Stephen A. Crist's book, Dave Brubeck's Time Out, provided the first scholarly book length analysis of the seminal album. In addition to his musical analyses of each of the album's original compositions, Crist provides insight into Brubeck's career during a time he was rising to the top of the jazz charts. [60]

A new biography of Dave Brubeck, by the British writer Philip Clark, was published by Da Capo Press in the US and Headline Publishing Group in the UK on February 18th 2020.[61][62]

On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Dave Brubeck among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal Studios fire.[63]

Awards

• Connecticut Arts Award (1987)
• National Medal of Arts, National Endowment for the Arts (1994)
• DownBeat Hall of Fame (1994)
• Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (1996)
• Doctor of Sacred Theology, Doctorate honoris causa, University of Fribourg, Switzerland (2004)[64]
• Laetare Medal (University of Notre Dame) (2006)
• BBC Jazz Lifetime Achievement Award (2007)
• Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy (2008)[36]
• Inducted into California Hall of Fame (2008)
• Eastman School of Music Honorary Degree (2008)[65]
• Kennedy Center Honors (2009)[66]
• George Washington University Honorary Degree (2010)[67]
• Honorary Fellow of Westminster Choir College, Princeton, New Jersey (2011)

Discography

As leader

Year recorded	Title	Label	Personnel/Notes
1946–48?	Old Sounds From San Francisco
1946–50	Dave Brubeck Octet	Fantasy	Octet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Jack Weeks (bass), Cal Tjader (drums), William O. Smith (clarinet), Bob Collins (baritone sax), Dick Collins (trumpet), Dave Van Kriedt (tenor sax); reissue of EPs and an LP
1950	The Dave Brubeck Trio	Fantasy	Trio, with Ron Crotty (bass), Cal Tjader (vibraphone, drums, percussion) (Volumes 1 & 2)
1951?	Brubeck/Desmond	Fantasy
1952?	Jazz at Storyville	Fantasy
1952	The Dave Brubeck Quartet	Fantasy	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bull Ruther (bass), Herb Barman and Lloyd Davis (drums; separately); reissue contained a track from 1954
1952	Jazz at the Blackhawk	Fantasy
1953	Jazz at Oberlin	Fantasy	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Lloyd Davis (drums); in concert
1953	Brubeck & Desmond at Wilshire-Ebell	Fantasy	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Lloyd Davis (drums); in concert
1953	Jazz at the College of the Pacific	Fantasy	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1953?	Jazz at the College of the Pacific, Vol. 2	OJC
1954?	Dave Brubeck at Storyville: 1954	Columbia
1954	Jazz Goes to College	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bob Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1954	Brubeck Time	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bob Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums)
1954–55	Jazz: Red Hot and Cool	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bob Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1956	Brubeck Plays Brubeck	Columbia	Solo piano
1956	Dave Brubeck and Jay & Kai at Newport	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert; album shared with the J. J. Johnson–Kai Winding Quintet
1957	Jazz Impressions of the U.S.A.	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1957	Dave Brubeck Plays and Plays and...	Fantasy	Solo piano
1957	Reunion	Fantasy	Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Dave Van Kriedt (tenor sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1957?	Jazz Goes to Junior College	Columbia
1957	Dave Digs Disney	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1958	The Dave Brubeck Quartet in Europe	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1958	Newport 1958	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Joe Benjamin (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1958	Jazz Impressions of Eurasia	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Joe Benjamin (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1959	Gone with the Wind	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1959	Time Out	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1959	The Riddle	Columbia	Quartet, with Bill Smith (clarinet), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1960	Southern Scene	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)[68]
1960	Brubeck and Rushing	Columbia	Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Jimmy Rushing (vocals)
1960	Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein	Columbia	With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), New York Philharmonic
1960	Brubeck à la mode	Fantasy	Quartet, with Bill Smith (clarinet), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1960	Tonight Only!	Columbia	Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Carmen McRae (vocals)
1960	Near-Myth	Fantasy	Quartet, with Bill Smith (clarinet), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1961	Time Further Out	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1961	Brandenburg Gate: Revisited	Columbia	With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), orchestra
1961	Take Five Live	Columbia	Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Carmen McRae (vocals); in concert
1961	The Real Ambassadors	Columbia	Soundtrack for the musical
1961–62	Countdown—Time in Outer Space	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1962	Bennett/Brubeck: The White House Sessions, Live 1962	Columbia Legacy	with Tony Bennett (vocals); released 2013
1962	Bossa Nova U.S.A.	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1962	Brubeck in Amsterdam	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert; released 1969
1963	The Dave Brubeck Quartet at Carnegie Hall	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1964	Time Changes	Columbia	With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), orchestra
1964	Jazz Impressions of Japan	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1964	Jazz Impressions of New York	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1964	Dave Brubeck in Berlin	CBS	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1962–65	Angel Eyes	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1962–65	My Favorite Things	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1965	Time In	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1966	Anything Goes! The Dave Brubeck Quartet Plays Cole Porter	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1966	Jackpot!	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1967	Bravo! Brubeck!	Columbia	With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Chamin Correa (guitar), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Salvatore Agueros (bongo, conga); in concert
1967	Buried Treasures	Columbia Legacy	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert; released 1998
1967	The Last Time We Saw Paris	Columbia	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1967	Their Last Time Out: The Unreleased Live Concert, December 26, 1967	Columbia Legacy	In concert; released 2011
1968?	Compadres	Columbia	In concert
1968?	Blues Roots	Columbia
1968?	The Light in the Wilderness	Decca
1969?	The Gates of Justice	Decca
1970?	Brubeck/Mulligan/Cincinnati	Decca
1970	Live at the Berlin Philharmonie	Columbia	Quartet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); in concert
1971?	Summit Sessions	Columbia
1971	The Last Set at Newport	Atlantic	Quartet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); in concert
1971?	Truth Is Fallen	Atlantic
1972	We're All Together Again for the First Time	Atlantic	Quintet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Paul Desmond (alto sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); in concert
1973	Two Generations of Brubeck	Atlantic	With Darius Brubeck (electric piano, piano, clavinet), Jerry Bergonzi (soprano sax, tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums), Randie Powell (percussion), David Powell (double bass), Perry Robinson (clarinet), Peter "Madcat" Ruth (harmonica), David Dutemple (electric bass), Richie Morales (drums), Stephan Dudash (violin), Dave Mason (guitar), Jimmy Cathcart (electric piano)
1973–74	All the Things We Are	Atlantic	One track trio, with Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); some tracks quartet, with Lee Konitz (alto sax), Six (bass), Roy Haynes (drums); one track quintet, with Anthony Braxton (alto sax) added; one track quartet with Braxton replacing Konitz
1974	Brother, the Great Spirit Made Us All	Atlantic	With Darius Brubeck (electric piano), Jerry Bergonzi (soprano sax, tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums), David Powell (double bass), Perry Robinson (clarinet), Peter "Madcat" Ruth (harmonica, Jew's harp)
1975	1975: The Duets	A&M	Duo, with Paul Desmond (alto sax)
1976	25th Anniversary Reunion	A&M	Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1977?	The New Brubeck Quartet: Live at Montreux	Tomato	In concert
1978 (February 27,28)	The New Brubeck Quartet: A Cut Above	Direct to Disk	In concert
1979?	La Fiesta de la Posada (The Festival of the Inn)	Columbia
1979	Back Home	Concord	Quartet, with Jerry Bergonzi (tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (bass, trombone), Butch Miles (drums)
1980	Tritonis	Concord	Quartet, with Jerry Bergonzi (tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (bass, trombone), Butch Miles (drums)
1981	Paper Moon	Concord	Quartet, with Jerry Bergonzi (tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1982	Concord on a Summer Night	Concord	Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1982?	Aurex Jazz Festival '82	Eastworld	In concert
1984?	Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz with guest: Dave Brubeck	The Jazz Alliance/Concord
1984	For Iola	Concord	Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1985	Reflections	Concord	Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1986	Blue Rondo	Concord	Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1987	Moscow Night	Concord	Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1987	New Wine	MusicMasters	with the Montreal International Jazz Festival Orchestra; in concert; released 1990
1991?	Quiet as the Moon	MusicMasters
1992?	Once When I Was Very Young	MusicMasters
1993?	Trio Brubeck	MusicMasters
1993	Late Night Brubeck: Live from the Blue Note	Telarc	Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax, tenor sax, flute), Jack Six (bass), Randy Jones (drums); in concert
1993	Nightshift: Live at the Blue Note	Telarc	In concert
1994	Just You, Just Me	Telarc	Solo piano
1994	In Their Own Sweet Way	Telarc	Most tracks quintet, with Darius Brubeck (piano), Matthew Brubeck (cello), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums)
1995	Young Lions & Old Tigers	Telarc
1995	To Hope! A Celebration	Telarc	With quartet, Cathedral Choral Society and Orchestra
1996	A Dave Brubeck Christmas	Telarc	Solo piano
1998	So What's New?	Telarc	Quartet, with Bobby Militello (sax, flute), Jack Six (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
1995–98	Double Live from the USA & UK	Telarc	Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax), Alec Dankworth and Jack Six (bass; separately), Randy Jones (drums); in concert; released 2001
1998	The 40th Anniversary Tour of the U.K.	Telarc	Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax), Alec Dankworth (bass), Randy Jones (drums); in concert
2000	80th Birthday Concert: Live with the LSO	Telarc	With Bobby Militello (alto sax, flute), Darius Brubeck (piano), Matthew Brubeck (cello), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums); London Symphony Orchestra; in concert
2000	One Alone	Telarc	Solo piano; in concert
2000	The Crossing	Telarc	Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax, flute), Alec Dankworth (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
2002?	Brubeck in Chattanooga	Choral Arts Society of Chattanooga	In concert
2002	Park Avenue South	Telarc	Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax, flute), Michael Moore (bass), Randy Jones (drums); in concert
2003?	Classical Brubeck	Telarc	with the London Symphony Orchestra
2004	Private Brubeck Remembers	Telarc	Solo piano; limited edition adds an interview with Brubeck
2004	London Flat, London Sharp	Telarc	Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax), Michael Moore (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
2004?	Brubeck meets Bach	Sony Classical	with the Bach Collegium Munich; in concert
2004	Songs	Naxos	with John de Haan and Jane Giering (vocals)
2005?	The Gates of Justice	Naxos
2006	Indian Summer	Telarc	Solo piano
2007	Live In '64 & '66	Naxos/Jazz Icons	DVD release of concerts in Begium in 1964 and Germany in 1966
1958–2007	50 Years of Dave Brubeck: Live at the Monterey Jazz Festival, 1958-2007	Monterey Jazz Festival/Concord	In concert

Compilations

• Dave Brubeck's Greatest Hits (Columbia CS 9284 / CL 2484, 1966)
• The Essential Dave Brubeck (Columbia Legacy, 2003?)

Guest appearances

With Yo-Yo Ma

"Joy to the World" and "Concordia" on Songs of Joy and Peace by Yo-Yo Ma & Friends (Sony Classical, 2008)

Various artists

"Some Day My Prince Will Come" and "Alice in Wonderland" (with Roberta Gambarini) on Everybody Wants to Be a Cat: Disney Jazz Volume 1 (Disney, 2011)

References

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External links

• Dave Brubeck at AllMusic
• Dave Brubeck at Find a Grave
• Dave Brubeck on IMDb
• Dave Brubeck at Curlie
• Brubeck Institute at the University of the Pacific
• Rediscovering Dave Brubeck, PBS, December 16, 2001 documentary
• Brubeck biography and concert review in cosmopolis.ch
• University of the Pacific Library's Digital Collections website
• Interview September 21, 2006, Oral History, National Association of Music Merchants
• "Q&A Special: Dave Brubeck, a Life in Music" theartsdesk.com
• Interview: Dave Brubeck & the First Annual Maine Jazz Festival, Portland Magazine
• Dave Brubeck interview on BBC Radio 4, Desert Island Discs, January 8, 1998
• Thank you Dave Brubeck...for showing us yet again that music wells up in the most unlikely places! Includes the complete eight-part BBC interview of 1994, Unsquare Dances.